FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE Special Names of Horticultural Crops Colour/Bitterness of Horticultural Crops Nutritional Deficiency of Horticultural Crops Area and Production of Horticultural Crops Export and Import of Horticultural Crops

1. HORTICULTURE
FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE
Special Names, Colour/Bitterness, Nutritional Deficiency, Area and Production
& Export and Import of Horticultural Crops
1. Special names of horticultural crops
Horticultural crops Special name
Mango King of fruits, Bathroom fruit, National fruit of India
Mangosteen Queen of fruit
Banana Adam's fig, Tree of wisdom, Tree of paradise, Kalpataru,
Apple of paradise
Apple King of temperate fruits
Avocado Butter fruit
Ber
King of arid fruits, Poor man’s fruits, Chinese fig, Chinese
dates
Carambola Star fruit, Five corner fruit
Papaya Melon tree
Pepper King of spices
Cardamom Queen of spices
Jackfruit Monkey fruit
Kiwi fruit China miracle, Wonder of New Zealand
Phalsa Star apple
Cocoa Food of God
Cowpea Vegetable meat
Date palm Century plant
Gram King of pulses
Guava Poor man's apple, Apple of tropics
Coconut Kalpavriksha, Tree of Heaven
Cashew Dollar earning crop, Plough crop, Gold mine of waste land
Walnut King of nut
Peacanut Queen of nut
Mushroom Vegetarian meat
Mustard King of oilseed
Opium Green gold

2. Pea Queen of pulses
Potato King of vegetables, Poor man`s friend
Bhendi/okra Queen of vegetables
Rose King of flowers
Gladiolus Queen of flowers
Chrysanthemum Glory of East, Autumn queen
Brinjal Egg plant
Tea Queen of beverage
Tomato Poor man's orange, Love apple
Aonla Fruit of 21st
century
2. Cause of colour/bitterness in fruits/vegetables
 Yellow color in papaya is due to Caricaxanthin
 Redness of apple is due to Anthocyanin
 Red color in tomato is due to Lycopene
 Red color in chilli is due to Capsanthin
 Pungency in chilli is due to Capsaicin
 Orange color in carrot is due to Carotene
 Red color in carrot is due to Anthocyanin
 Yellow color in turmeric is due to Curcumin
 Bitterness in bitter ground is due to Memordicin
 Bitterness in cucumber is due to Cucurbitacin
 Yellow color of onion is due to Quercetin
 Red color in onion is due to Anthocyanin
 Pungency in onion is due to Allyl propyl di-sulphide
 Pungency in Raphanus is due to Isocyanate
 Pungency in mustard is due to Glucosilates
 Pungency in garlic is due to Di allyl di-sulphide
 Green color in potato tuber is due to Solanin
 Pungency in pepper is due to Oleoresins
 Pungency in cabbage leaves is due to Sinigrin

3. 3. Major nutritional deficiency symptoms
Symptoms Nutrient
Buttoning of cauliflower Nitrogen
Warty or senescent bhendi pods Nitrogen
Blossom end rot of tomato Calcium
Tip burn of cabbage Calcium
Black heart of celery Calcium
Fruit cracking in apple Boron
Internal necrosis of aonla Boron
Hen and Chicken diseases of grapes Boron
Hollow heart or heart rot of sugarbeet Boron
Fruit cracking in pomegranate Boron
Necrosis/black tip in mango Boron
Browning of cauliflower Boron
Dieback, little leaf & gummosis in citrus Copper
Black spec or pepper spot of cabbage Manganese
Whip tail of cauliflower Molybdenum
Black heart of Potato Oxygen deficiency
Blotchy ripening of tomato Severe water stress and Poor potassium uptake
Sunscald of tomato Heat injury
4. Area and Production of Horticultural Crops in the World and India during 2019-2020
Crops
Top 3 ranking
First Second Third
World Scenario
Fruit
Production
China India Brazil
Vegetable China India USA
Spices India Bangladesh Turkey
Flower Netherlands France Italy
Medicinal &
Aromatic crops
China India Sri Lanka
Indian Scenario
Fruits
Area Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh
Production Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra
Area Mango Banana Citrus
Production Banana Mango Citrus
Vegetable
Area & Production West Bengal Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh
Area & Production Potato Onion Tomato

4. Spices
Area Rajasthan
Madhya
Pradesh
Gujarat
Production Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Gujarat
Area Cumin Chillies Coriander
Production Garlic Ginger Chillies
Plantation crops
Area Karnataka Kerala Tamil Nadu
Production Kerala Karnataka Tamil Nadu
Area Coconut Arecanut Cashew nut
Production Coconut Cashew nut Arecanut
Flower crops
Area Kerala Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh
Production of
Loose flowers
Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh
Production of cut
flowers
Karnataka Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh
Medicinal &
Aromatic crops
Area Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh
Production Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh
Area in '000 Ha
Production in '000 MT
Crop Area Production
Fruits 6664 99069
Vegetables 10353 191769
Spices 3824 9420
Plantation crops 3887 16240
Flower crops 305 3063
Medicinal and Aromatic Crops 628 798
5. Export and Import of Horticultural crops
 India’s agricultural and allied exports during 2019-20 were Rs. 2.52 lakh crores and
imports were Rs. 1.47 lakh crores.
 Grapes, pomegranates, mangoes, bananas and oranges account for larger portion of fruits
exported from the country.
 Onions, mixed vegetables, potatoes, tomatoes and green chilly contribute largely to the
vegetable export basket.
 The major destinations for Indian fruits and vegetables are Bangladesh, UAE, Netherland,
Nepal, Malaysia, UK, Sri Lanka, Oman and Qatar.
 Import of fresh fruits and vegetables from USA, Afghanistan, Iran
 Import of processed fruits and vegetables from Afghanistan, China and USA.
 Import of flowers from Netherland, Thailand and China.