SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 8
DEPENDENCIA LINEAL
Y COVARIANZA
Página 164 a 167
Definiciones
• Dependencia lineal: relación entre las variables que se analizan.
• Covarianza: valor que indica el grado de variación conjunta de dos
variables aleatorias respecto a sus medias, como una especie de
medida promedio de la dependencia lineal.
Covarianza (𝑆𝑥𝑦)
𝑆𝑥𝑦 =
𝑥𝑦 − 𝑛𝑥𝑦
𝑛 − 1
La covarianza mide la cantidad de relación lineal entre las variables y el
sentido de esta, de la forma:
• 𝑆𝑥𝑦 > 0, relación lineal positiva (si crece una variable, la otra
también)
• 𝑆𝑥𝑦 < 0, relación lineal negativa (si crece una variable, la otra
decrece).
• 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 0, no hay relación lineal entre las variables.
Media
aritmética o
promedio
𝒙 , 𝒚
Coeficiente de correlación (Pearson)
𝑟 =
𝑆𝑥𝑦
𝑆𝑥𝑆𝑦
• Es una medida adimensional
• Siempre toma valores en el intervalo [−1,1]
• Mantiene el signo de 𝑆𝑥𝑦
Donde:
𝑆𝑥 =
1
𝑛−1
𝑥2 −
𝑥 2
𝑛
𝑆𝑦 =
1
𝑛−1
𝑦2 −
𝑦 2
𝑛
Ejemplo
Consideramos el conjunto de datos:
S = {(1; 3,6), (1,5; 4,35), (2,1; 5,25), (2,9; 6,45), (3,2; 6,9)}
Hallar la covarianza y el coeficiente de relación.
PASO 1:
X Y XY X² Y²
CONJUNTO DE
DATOS
1 3,6 3,6 1 12,96
1,5 4,35 6,525 2,25 18,9225
2,1 5,25 11,025 4,41 27,5625
2,9 6,45 18,705 8,41 41,6025
3,2 6,9 22,08 10,24 47,61
TOTAL SUMA 10,7 26,55 61,935 26,31 148,6575
PROMEDIO 2,14 5,31
PASO 2: Calcular la covarianza
𝑆𝑥𝑦 =
𝑥𝑦 − 𝑛𝑥𝑦
𝑛 − 1
𝑆𝑥𝑦 =
61,935 − 5 × 2,14 × 5,31
5 − 1
𝑆𝑥𝑦 =
61,935 − 56,817
4
𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 1,2795
PASO 3: Calcular el coeficiente de correlación
𝑆𝑥 =
1
𝑛−1
𝑥2 −
𝑥 2
𝑛
𝑆𝑦 =
1
𝑛−1
𝑦2 −
𝑦 2
𝑛
𝑆𝑥 =
1
5−1
26,31 −
10,7 2
5
𝑆𝑦 =
1
5−1
148,6575 −
26,55 2
5
𝑆𝑥 =
1
4
26,31 −
114,49
5
𝑆𝑦 =
1
4
148,6575 −
704,9025
5
𝑆𝑥 =
1
4
3,412 𝑆𝑦 =
1
4
7,677
𝑆𝑥 = 0,924 𝑆𝑦 =
1
4
7,677 = 1,385
𝑟 =
1,2795
0,924 × 1,385
= 0,9998
Análisis
• 𝑆𝑥𝑦 > 0, relación lineal positiva
• R=0,9998 ; correlación perfecta positiva y fuerte
X Y
1 3,6
1,5 4,35
2,1 5,25
2,9 6,45
3,2 6,9
y = 1,5x + 2,1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

More Related Content

What's hot

Ecuaciones de segundo grado
Ecuaciones de segundo gradoEcuaciones de segundo grado
Ecuaciones de segundo gradoMichel Lizarazo
 
Limites con radicales al infinito
Limites con radicales al infinitoLimites con radicales al infinito
Limites con radicales al infinitoPablo Chinchin
 
427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2
427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2
427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2fghffffg
 
Derivadas por regla de la cadena
Derivadas por regla de la cadenaDerivadas por regla de la cadena
Derivadas por regla de la cadenajesusmuggle
 
Algebra lineal 2. Espacios vectoriales
Algebra lineal 2. Espacios vectorialesAlgebra lineal 2. Espacios vectoriales
Algebra lineal 2. Espacios vectorialesEdward Ropero
 
Cinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y Propuestos
Cinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y PropuestosCinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y Propuestos
Cinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y Propuestosguest229a344
 
Distribución normal y teorema central del límite
Distribución normal y teorema central del límiteDistribución normal y teorema central del límite
Distribución normal y teorema central del límiteEileen Rodriguez
 
Descomposición rectangular de vectores
Descomposición rectangular de vectoresDescomposición rectangular de vectores
Descomposición rectangular de vectoresMAXIMO VALENTIN MONTES
 
2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio-
2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio- 2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio-
2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio- Zoraida Pérez S.
 

What's hot (20)

Ecuaciones de segundo grado
Ecuaciones de segundo gradoEcuaciones de segundo grado
Ecuaciones de segundo grado
 
Límite
LímiteLímite
Límite
 
Continuidad
ContinuidadContinuidad
Continuidad
 
Ejercicios de funcion cuadratica
Ejercicios de funcion cuadraticaEjercicios de funcion cuadratica
Ejercicios de funcion cuadratica
 
Fisica preuniv-ft
Fisica preuniv-ftFisica preuniv-ft
Fisica preuniv-ft
 
Respuestas.ejercicios
Respuestas.ejerciciosRespuestas.ejercicios
Respuestas.ejercicios
 
Limites con radicales al infinito
Limites con radicales al infinitoLimites con radicales al infinito
Limites con radicales al infinito
 
Estadística2
Estadística2Estadística2
Estadística2
 
Interpolacion y Regresion - R. Campillo
Interpolacion y Regresion - R. CampilloInterpolacion y Regresion - R. Campillo
Interpolacion y Regresion - R. Campillo
 
427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2
427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2
427168331 calculo-vectorial-unidad-2
 
Derivadas por regla de la cadena
Derivadas por regla de la cadenaDerivadas por regla de la cadena
Derivadas por regla de la cadena
 
Algebra lineal 2. Espacios vectoriales
Algebra lineal 2. Espacios vectorialesAlgebra lineal 2. Espacios vectoriales
Algebra lineal 2. Espacios vectoriales
 
Cinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y Propuestos
Cinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y PropuestosCinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y Propuestos
Cinematica Nivel Cero Problemas Resueltos Y Propuestos
 
Distribución normal y teorema central del límite
Distribución normal y teorema central del límiteDistribución normal y teorema central del límite
Distribución normal y teorema central del límite
 
Limites y continuidad
Limites y continuidadLimites y continuidad
Limites y continuidad
 
Descomposición rectangular de vectores
Descomposición rectangular de vectoresDescomposición rectangular de vectores
Descomposición rectangular de vectores
 
Derivacion implicita
Derivacion implicitaDerivacion implicita
Derivacion implicita
 
Transformada de Laplace
Transformada de LaplaceTransformada de Laplace
Transformada de Laplace
 
2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio-
2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio- 2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio-
2017 Distribuciones de Probabilidad- Guía de estudio-
 
Taller de Funciones
Taller de FuncionesTaller de Funciones
Taller de Funciones
 

Similar to Dependencia lineal y covarianza

Regression analysis
Regression analysisRegression analysis
Regression analysisSrikant001p
 
Statistics-Regression analysis
Statistics-Regression analysisStatistics-Regression analysis
Statistics-Regression analysisRabin BK
 
Unit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdf
Unit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdfUnit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdf
Unit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdfRavinandan A P
 
Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...
Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...
Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...Parth Chuahan
 
Module 2_ Regression Models..pptx
Module 2_ Regression Models..pptxModule 2_ Regression Models..pptx
Module 2_ Regression Models..pptxnikshaikh786
 
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptxTopic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptxCallplanetsDeveloper
 
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptxTopic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptxCallplanetsDeveloper
 
correlationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdf
correlationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdfcorrelationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdf
correlationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdfDrAmanSaxena
 
Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...
Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...
Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...RekhaChoudhary24
 
Lesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing data
Lesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing dataLesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing data
Lesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing datamjlobetos
 
CORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resource
CORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resourceCORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resource
CORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resourceSharon517605
 
correlation and regression
correlation and regressioncorrelation and regression
correlation and regressionUnsa Shakir
 
Properties of coefficient of correlation
Properties of coefficient of correlationProperties of coefficient of correlation
Properties of coefficient of correlationNadeem Uddin
 
Regression and Co-Relation
Regression and Co-RelationRegression and Co-Relation
Regression and Co-Relationnuwan udugampala
 

Similar to Dependencia lineal y covarianza (20)

Course pack unit 5
Course pack unit 5Course pack unit 5
Course pack unit 5
 
Regression analysis
Regression analysisRegression analysis
Regression analysis
 
Statistics-Regression analysis
Statistics-Regression analysisStatistics-Regression analysis
Statistics-Regression analysis
 
Unit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdf
Unit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdfUnit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdf
Unit 1 Correlation- BSRM.pdf
 
Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...
Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...
Measure of Dispersion, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation and Re...
 
Module 2_ Regression Models..pptx
Module 2_ Regression Models..pptxModule 2_ Regression Models..pptx
Module 2_ Regression Models..pptx
 
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptxTopic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptx
 
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptxTopic 5  Covariance & Correlation.pptx
Topic 5 Covariance & Correlation.pptx
 
correlationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdf
correlationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdfcorrelationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdf
correlationcoefficient-20090414 0531.pdf
 
Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...
Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...
Simple Correlation : Karl Pearson’s Correlation co- efficient and Spearman’s ...
 
Lesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing data
Lesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing dataLesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing data
Lesson 27 using statistical techniques in analyzing data
 
CORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resource
CORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resourceCORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resource
CORRELATION-AND-REGRESSION.pdf for human resource
 
Correlating test scores
Correlating test scoresCorrelating test scores
Correlating test scores
 
Lecture 4
Lecture 4Lecture 4
Lecture 4
 
Regression.pptx
Regression.pptxRegression.pptx
Regression.pptx
 
Regression
RegressionRegression
Regression
 
Chapter 12
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Chapter 12
 
correlation and regression
correlation and regressioncorrelation and regression
correlation and regression
 
Properties of coefficient of correlation
Properties of coefficient of correlationProperties of coefficient of correlation
Properties of coefficient of correlation
 
Regression and Co-Relation
Regression and Co-RelationRegression and Co-Relation
Regression and Co-Relation
 

Recently uploaded

FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdfFICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdfPondicherry University
 
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.pptAIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.pptNishitharanjan Rout
 
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUMDEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUMELOISARIVERA8
 
MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...
MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...
MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
 
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategiesMajor project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategiesAmanpreetKaur157993
 
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文
會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文
會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文中 央社
 
PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptx
PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptxPSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptx
PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptxMarlene Maheu
 
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024Borja Sotomayor
 
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading RoomSternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading RoomSean M. Fox
 
The Liver & Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptx
The Liver &  Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptxThe Liver &  Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptx
The Liver & Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptxVishal Singh
 
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code ExamplesSPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code ExamplesPeter Brusilovsky
 
An overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
An overview of the various scriptures in HinduismAn overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
An overview of the various scriptures in HinduismDabee Kamal
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptx
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptxGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptx
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptxneillewis46
 
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopale-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi RajagopalEADTU
 
How to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptx
How to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptxHow to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptx
How to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptxCeline George
 
Contoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdf
Contoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdfContoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdf
Contoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdfcupulin
 
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 

Recently uploaded (20)

FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdfFICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
FICTIONAL SALESMAN/SALESMAN SNSW 2024.pdf
 
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.pptAIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
AIM of Education-Teachers Training-2024.ppt
 
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUMDEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
 
MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...
MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...
MuleSoft Integration with AWS Textract | Calling AWS Textract API |AWS - Clou...
 
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategiesMajor project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
 
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
 
會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文
會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文
會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文會考英文
 
PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptx
PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptxPSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptx
PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptx
 
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
 
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading RoomSternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
 
The Liver & Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptx
The Liver &  Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptxThe Liver &  Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptx
The Liver & Gallbladder (Anatomy & Physiology).pptx
 
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code ExamplesSPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
 
OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...
OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...
OS-operating systems- ch05 (CPU Scheduling) ...
 
An overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
An overview of the various scriptures in HinduismAn overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
An overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
 
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA! .
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA!                    .VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA!                    .
VAMOS CUIDAR DO NOSSO PLANETA! .
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptx
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptxGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptx
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English (v3).pptx
 
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopale-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
 
How to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptx
How to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptxHow to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptx
How to Manage Website in Odoo 17 Studio App.pptx
 
Contoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdf
Contoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdfContoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdf
Contoh Aksi Nyata Refleksi Diri ( NUR ).pdf
 
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
 

Dependencia lineal y covarianza

  • 2. Definiciones • Dependencia lineal: relación entre las variables que se analizan. • Covarianza: valor que indica el grado de variación conjunta de dos variables aleatorias respecto a sus medias, como una especie de medida promedio de la dependencia lineal.
  • 3. Covarianza (𝑆𝑥𝑦) 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑛𝑥𝑦 𝑛 − 1 La covarianza mide la cantidad de relación lineal entre las variables y el sentido de esta, de la forma: • 𝑆𝑥𝑦 > 0, relación lineal positiva (si crece una variable, la otra también) • 𝑆𝑥𝑦 < 0, relación lineal negativa (si crece una variable, la otra decrece). • 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 0, no hay relación lineal entre las variables. Media aritmética o promedio 𝒙 , 𝒚
  • 4. Coeficiente de correlación (Pearson) 𝑟 = 𝑆𝑥𝑦 𝑆𝑥𝑆𝑦 • Es una medida adimensional • Siempre toma valores en el intervalo [−1,1] • Mantiene el signo de 𝑆𝑥𝑦 Donde: 𝑆𝑥 = 1 𝑛−1 𝑥2 − 𝑥 2 𝑛 𝑆𝑦 = 1 𝑛−1 𝑦2 − 𝑦 2 𝑛
  • 5. Ejemplo Consideramos el conjunto de datos: S = {(1; 3,6), (1,5; 4,35), (2,1; 5,25), (2,9; 6,45), (3,2; 6,9)} Hallar la covarianza y el coeficiente de relación. PASO 1: X Y XY X² Y² CONJUNTO DE DATOS 1 3,6 3,6 1 12,96 1,5 4,35 6,525 2,25 18,9225 2,1 5,25 11,025 4,41 27,5625 2,9 6,45 18,705 8,41 41,6025 3,2 6,9 22,08 10,24 47,61 TOTAL SUMA 10,7 26,55 61,935 26,31 148,6575 PROMEDIO 2,14 5,31
  • 6. PASO 2: Calcular la covarianza 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑛𝑥𝑦 𝑛 − 1 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 61,935 − 5 × 2,14 × 5,31 5 − 1 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 61,935 − 56,817 4 𝑆𝑥𝑦 = 1,2795
  • 7. PASO 3: Calcular el coeficiente de correlación 𝑆𝑥 = 1 𝑛−1 𝑥2 − 𝑥 2 𝑛 𝑆𝑦 = 1 𝑛−1 𝑦2 − 𝑦 2 𝑛 𝑆𝑥 = 1 5−1 26,31 − 10,7 2 5 𝑆𝑦 = 1 5−1 148,6575 − 26,55 2 5 𝑆𝑥 = 1 4 26,31 − 114,49 5 𝑆𝑦 = 1 4 148,6575 − 704,9025 5 𝑆𝑥 = 1 4 3,412 𝑆𝑦 = 1 4 7,677 𝑆𝑥 = 0,924 𝑆𝑦 = 1 4 7,677 = 1,385 𝑟 = 1,2795 0,924 × 1,385 = 0,9998
  • 8. Análisis • 𝑆𝑥𝑦 > 0, relación lineal positiva • R=0,9998 ; correlación perfecta positiva y fuerte X Y 1 3,6 1,5 4,35 2,1 5,25 2,9 6,45 3,2 6,9 y = 1,5x + 2,1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5