explains various types of curtain walls like, vision glass, spandrel glass ,wooden veneer , stone veneer, terracotta, patent glazing ,metal curtain walls ,louvers and vents

1. CURTAIN WALLS
VAISHNAVI ANTRE
ROLL NO. 01
3RD YEAR AIDED

2. CURTAIN WALLS
Curtain wall systems are non-structural cladding systems for
the external walls of buildings. They are generally associated
with large, multi-storey buildings.
Curtain walls separate the interior from the exterior, but only
support their own weight and the loads imposed on them
(such as wind loads, seismic loads, and so on) which they
transfer back to the primary structure of the building. This is
in contrast to many forms of traditional construction in which
the external walls are a fundamental part of the
primary structure of the building.
Typically curtain wall systems comprise a
lightweight aluminium frame onto which glazed or opaque
infill panels can be fixed. These infill panels are often
described as 'glazing' whether or not they are made of glass.
Curtain walls can adopt a 'stick'
system, or can be unitised:
Stick systems are installed piece
by piece on site, with
the glazing inserted into the
frame from the inside or the
outside depending on access
conditions.
Unitised systems are pre-
fabricated in modules off-site
and delivered in panels.
Unitised systems are better able
to exploit the benefits of
factory condition
manufacturing and quality
control and require lower
installation time on site.

3. PATENT GLAZING
 The term ‘patent glazing’ refers to a non-load bearing, two-edge
support cladding system. Its name relates to the number of patents
that were taken out in the 19th and 20th centuries for different
versions of the system.
 Patent glazing bars provide continuous support along two edges
of glazing infill panels, and are fixed back to the main structure of
the building. This system supports its own weight, and provides
resistance to wind and snow loading, but does not contribute to the
stability of the primary structure of the building.
 Patent glazing is a dry glazing system in which the patent
glazing bars are drained and ventilated.
i. Design and installation considerations might include:
ii. Maximum required span.
iii. Supporting structutre.
iv. Access for maintenance.
v. Requirement for opening roof lights to allow natural ventilation and
vi. smoke ventilation.
vii. Use of laminated glass to prevent glass falling in the event of breakage.
viii. Movement.
ix. Acoustic performance.
x. Security.
xi. Heat accumulation and shading.
xii. Wind, snow and maintenance loads.
xiii. The pressure difference across the patent glazing.

4. BRICK VENEER
A brick veneer, also known as a brick slip, is a thin layer of brick
that is used aesthetically as a form of surface finish rather than
structurally. Conventional brick walls typically support the structural
loads of the building, whereas brick veneers are applied for
decorative purposes.
They are generally formed from thin brick slips, which may be as
little as 20 mm thick (compared to 102.5 mm for a standard brick).
Brick veneers can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications
ADVANTAGES
They are relatively easy and quick to
install.
They are not as heavy as other forms
of masonry, which reduces structural
loading.
Cavities behind
external brick veneers can
aid insulation.
They are durable and fire-resistant.
They can achieve a wide range of
decorative functions
They require little maintenance.
DISADVANTAGES
They are more susceptible to damage
as
they are thinner than
conventional brick walls.
They do not contribute to structural
integrity.
They can be susceptible
to water damage.
Over time, the veneer will require re-
pointing.
with new mortar.

5. STONE VENEER
Any stone used as decorative facing material that is not meant to be load
bearing.
Stone veneer can be made from natural stone as well as manufactured stone.
Natural stone veneer is made from real stone that is either collected,
i.e. fieldstone, or quarried. The stone is cut to a consistent thickness and
weight for use as a veneer.
Manufactured stone veneer is fabricated by pouring a
lightweight concrete mix into rubber forms and painted with a coloring
process which makes it resemble real stone. The stone veneer produced is
then attached to walls with special mortars.
Flexible stone veneer is fabricated by pulling a thin layer of stone from a slab
of slate, sandstone, or mica schist. It is backed by a composite material.

6. METAL CURTAIN WALLS
Although the color can be adjusted in accordance with requirements
of the designer, the metal panel has poor durability and metal
texture is too strong. It can not accomplished architect’s dream. It is
also easy to deform and discolorate in the windy and rainy weather.
Metal panels are feared of acid corrosion.
Mainly use aluminum alloy,
the resource of which has
been almost mined up in the
world. The thickness of the
metal panels is limited. With
its high thermal conductivity,
it does not have any energy-
saving effect.
the panel thickness is very
thin. It is easily damaged and
deformed by the external
force, so it is with low safety
performance.

7. SPANDREL NON VISION GLASS
Spandrel glass basic feature is to cover necessary areas such as
construction materials and commonly used between floors, ceilings,
columns or spaces that require uniform appearance.
Although durable, spandrel glass is also appealing and is nearly
impossible to tell where one section of a building begins and ends
Characteristics
Conceals areas from direct viewing such as
marked wires, piping, and insulation.
Satisfies both opacity and the criteria for fall
out protection.
Can be used with equal effectiveness on heat
strengthened or fully tempered glass.
Tinted or reflective colors can be harmonized
or matched to eliminate any "banding" effect.
High safety and resistance to corrosion.
Applications
• Storefronts
• Curtain walls
• Wall cladding
• Non vision areas
• Custom color applications
• Commercial fixed windows
• Hide structural elements & utilities
• Creates wide range of visual effects

8. terracotta panels have
good physical
performance, such as
high hardness, no
deformation, never
fade, and minimized
color difference.
TERRACOTTA
The raw materials are natural clay, which do not contain any
radioactive elements; after calcination in 1200 degrees kiln, a portion
of mineral elements contained in the clay (aluminum oxide, silicon
oxide or the like) has been completely oxidized.
Clay is a renewable resource and can be recycled. The production
determines its features of relative environmentally friendly, and
low energy consumption. The hollow structure of terracotta
panels and the appropriate insulation system play a very
important role in energy conservation.
Installation problem has been
considered when extrusion.
Pre-made back groove is easy to
mount. With up to 16-20Mpa
pressure strength, safety
performance and seismic
resistance is far superior to
stone, metal plates and other
materials.

9. Fiberglass reinforced panels are used on walls and ceilings, installing
it directly over solid surfaces. They provide a durable, scratch-
resistant surface, easy to clean panel and provide superior moisture
resistance. They are great products to be used in classrooms,
restrooms, and restaurants. Fiberglass reinforced panels are made
of strong polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass, providing
a smooth wall surface. The final non-porous surface is becoming
popular for its ability to produce a mold and stain resistant surface,
protecting the wall from being scratched.
Fiberglass Reinforced Panels Applications
FRP wall panels are ideal for
kitchens, restrooms, dining rooms, offices,
classrooms, hospital rooms, hallways,
cooling towers, recreational areas and
other secondary spaces. One of the most
important applications of FRP panels is
that they can be installed over new and
existing drywall or used to repair
damaged surfaces.
FIBER GLASS REINFORCED PANELS

10. ADVANTAGES
Fiberglass reinforce panels provide a strong scratch resistant surface.
FRP could be cleaned easily using regular detergents, high-pressure
washers, or even by using steam.
The fiberglass reinforced panel is a lightweight panel that is easy to
install
FRP could be installed either with glue or fasteners
Maximum sanitation protection
Improved chemical resistance
FRP could be installed over any existing wall surface, by following
some simple steps and no high tech tools are required.
High impact resistance from shattering and scratches
Superior flexibility
FRP could save you money over other building materials
Fiberglass reinforced panels will prevent the growth of mold or
mildew and will not rust or corrode

11. LOUVERS AND VENT IN WALL PANEL
Louvers
A Louvre is provided in an area where
mechanical equipment located inside
the building requires ventilation or
fresh air to operate. Curtain wall
systems can be adapted to accept
most types of louver systems to
maintain the same architectural
sightlines and style while providing
the functionality.
Windows and vents
Most curtain wall glazing is fixed,
meaning there is no access to the
exterior of the building except
through doors. However, windows or
vents can be glazed into the curtain
wall system as well, to provide
required ventilation or operable
windows. Nearly any window type
can be made to fit into a curtain wall
system.
Louvre panel systems are popular with designers for many
applications in industrial and commercial buildings. Their purpose
can be to control light entry, to provide ventilation whilst
maintaining rain defence, to provide screening, or a combination
of these. Louvers can also be provided simply for aesthetic impact.

12. LOUVERS AND VENT IN WALL PANEL
Louvers
A Louvre is provided in an area where
mechanical equipment located inside
the building requires ventilation or
fresh air to operate. Curtain wall
systems can be adapted to accept
most types of louver systems to
maintain the same architectural
sightlines and style while providing
the functionality.
Windows and vents
Most curtain wall glazing is fixed,
meaning there is no access to the
exterior of the building except
through doors. However, windows or
vents can be glazed into the curtain
wall system as well, to provide
required ventilation or operable
windows. Nearly any window type
can be made to fit into a curtain wall
system.
Louvre panel systems are popular with designers for many
applications in industrial and commercial buildings. Their purpose
can be to control light entry, to provide ventilation whilst
maintaining rain defence, to provide screening, or a combination
of these. Louvers can also be provided simply for aesthetic impact.