The document discusses three building construction materials: aluminum composite panels (ACP), curtain walls, and structural glazing. ACP sheets are thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core used for cladding, ceilings, and partitions. Curtain walls are non-structural exterior walls that keep weather out while allowing natural light in. They must be designed to handle loads and prevent air/water penetration. Structural glazing bonds glass directly to a building's structure using high-strength, high-performance silicone sealants to transfer wind loads from the glass.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
REPORT ON:
 ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANEL
 CURTAIN WALL
 STRUCTURAL GLAZING
Submitted by:
Aduiti Sharma and
Dipjyoti Doley
3RD YEAR, SEC-CC

3. ACP SHEETS – ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANELS SHEETS
ACP stands for ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANELS, ACP Sheets are flat type panels, formed of
thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core. These exterior aluminum composite
panel sheets are used for architectural cladding or partition, false ceilings, machine coverage.
This serves as an important part of building while construction. The application of this product is
broadly noticed in shopping malls, cinema halls, hotels, hospitals and metro stations. These
sheets are available in various colors, patterns and shapes. ACP manufactures have these sheets
in metallic, solid smooth, brush, mirror, and stone textures.
Sandwich panel is a structure made of three layers:
low density core inserted in between two relatively
thin
skin layers.
• Excellent mechanical
performance at minimal weight
• Very high rigidity
Type of coatings are used in coating aluminum composite panels is polyester or PvdF (polyvinylidene
fluoride), fluoropolymer resins (FEVE), or polyester paint, depending on applications. The former is for
interior applications and latter for exterior applications.
The typical system of fixing acp panel is cassate system & Tray system. In India generally Tray system is
followed.
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4. ACP is available in 4mm, 3mm, and 1.5mm, 5mm, 6mm
thickness. The width of the ACP is 1220 mm and Length varies from
2440mm ,3050mm,3660 mm. The Density of the Aluminum
composite Panels is 1.39 gm/cc /1390 Kg/m3. This is the reason
that ACP is used as a cladding material as compared to conventional
materials.
• ACP or Aluminum Cladding Panel is popular for its use in
wall cladding, false ceilings, signage and partitions. The
Wall Cladding serves as superb wind barrier and protects
walls from dampening. It has the capacity and strength to
protect the walls from extreme weather conditions. The wall
cladding draws lot of admiration, with its carved style with
the scope of designing in both interiors as well as exteriors.
• CHARACTERISTICS:
• High peeling strength
• Superior weathering resistance
• Light weight and easy for process
• Excellent fire- resistance property
• Coating evenness & diversified colors
• Easy for maintenance
• Strong impact resistance
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5. WALL CLADDING TYPE
WALL CLADDING DETAIL
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6. WINDOW FRAME AND SILL DETAIL
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7. EXTERNAL CORNER DETAILS INTERNAL CORNER DETAILS
SOFFIT DETAILS
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8. A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-
structural, but merely keep the weather out and the occupants in.
Curtain walls are non structural members and are made of a lightweight material reducing
construction costs. When glass is used as the curtain wall, a great advantage is that natural
light can penetrate deeper within the building.
The curtain wall façade does not carry any dead load weight from the building other than its
own dead load weight.
Curtain wall systems must be designed to handle all loads imposed on it as well as keep air
and water from penetrating the building envelope.
CURTAIN WALL
When a curtain wall is designed the
following are taken into
consideration,
Loads
Air Infiltration
Water Penetration
Deflection
Strength
Thermal criteria
Common types of curtain wall systems
for high-rise buildings
1. Stick system
2. Unit system
3. Unit and mullion system
4. Column-cover and spandrel system
5. Various types of glass wall system
The glass and aluminum curtain wall system is a
marvel of engineering and architecture. A totally
non combustible system of glass and aluminum
requiring minimal maintenance and providing
years of aesthetic quality and building envelope
performance. It is the most advanced exterior
window wall system available for buildings.
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9. Advantages:
 Great flexibility - site modification is possible.
Disadvantages:
 - Difficulties in quality control.
 - Relies heavily on site workmanship.
 - Requires different trade men.
 - Difficult to accommodate building movement.
 - Difficult to control water drainage to individual floors.
 - Too many loss parts and components on site.
 - Poor acoustic and thermal insulation.
 - Deterioration of expansion and sealant joints.
Vertical curtain wall Convex contoured Concave contoured curtain
Curtain wall Curtain wall
Application of curtain wall
RAIN SCREEN PRINCIPLE
A common feature in curtain wall technology, the rain screen principle theorizes that equilibrium of air pressure between the outside
and inside of the "rain screen" prevents water penetration into the building itself. For example the glass is captured between an inner
and an outer gasket in a space called the glazing rebate. The glazing rebate is ventilated to the exterior so that the pressure on the
inner and outer sides of the exterior gasket is the same. When the pressure is equal across this gasket water cannot be drawn
through joints or defects in the gasket.
Example of a drip
Out
side
In
side
Out
side
In
side
Example of a
capillary
trap 9

10. Features
Slim, constant 52mm sight lines for the mullion and transoms for visual consistency
across a project.
Excellent thermal performance to achieve lowU values.
A technically advanced framing system which uses high quality components for long-
term durability.
Intelligent design to ensure the quality of fabrication and installation.
A choice of depths up to 240mm for structural members, to meet individual project
requirements and ensure cost efficiency.
Fully compatible with Technal s FXi, PXi and GXi window and door suites.
A range of shaped caps for further design flexibility.
The system can carry glazing units or insulated infill panels.
Construction
The mullions and transoms are square cut and assembled using a combination of
factory-fitted cast face-fixed junction spigots and concealed anti-rotation spigots, or by
transom blocks. This robust construction offers ease of fabrication, greater accuracy and
enhanced stability.
The mullion jointing uses a specially designed sleeve spigot for each mullion for a high
quality joint.
All machine operations can be performed on drill jigs with punch tooling for drainage, to reduce fabrication time and cost, and
achieve consistent quality.
Weather Performance
An innovative face-fixed spigot for each mullion/transom joint is designed to ensure the injection of sealant is minimised and
precisely controlled for improved weatherproofing
Each individual drainage zone has a series of bespoke EPDM plugs between the isolators and pressure plates at each junction,
preventing water ingress and removing the need for sealant for higher performance
The MX system has the additional advantage of secondary mullion drainage to further improve weather performance and
quality
A PVC perimeter sealing profile ensures damp proofing at the building interface
The system is zone drained and pressure equalised to ensure performance and drainage efficiency. 10

11. The vast majority of curtain walls are installed long pieces
(referred to as sticks) between floors vertically and
between vertical members horizontally. Framing members
may be fabricated in a shop, but all installation and glazing
is typically performed at the jobsite.
Stick curtain walls are processed, manufactured at factory
and assembled, installed and completed at site. This kind
of curtain wall can be used for all outside surface types of
buildings and especially suitable for sophisticated and
multiple joint structure architecture.
Advantages
- Waterproofing
- Easy for transportation
Disadvantages
- Difficulties in quality control.
- Relies heavily on site workmanship.
- Requires different trade men.
- Difficult to accommodate building movement.
- Difficult to control water drainage to individual floors.
- Too many loss parts and components on site.
- Poor acoustic and thermal insulation.
- Deterioration of expansion and sealant joints.
STICK SYSTEM
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12. UNITIZED SYSTEMS
Unitized curtain walls entail factory fabrication and
assembly of panels and may include factory glazing. These
completed units are hung on the building structure to form
the building enclosure. Unitized curtain wall has the
advantages of: speed; lower field installation costs; and
quality control within an interior climate controlled
environment. The economic benefits are typically realized
on large projects or in areas of high field labor rates.
Advantages
- Waterproofing
- Ensuring aesthetic features thanks to its synchronous
surface
- Easy for installation
- The installation is time saving therefore ensuring the
progress for projects .
- Accommodates building movements.
- Minimizes site operations.
- Shorter construction duration. - Enables other trades to
commence work much earlier.
Disadvantages
- The installation work need to be done by high-skilled
workers
- The price of Unitized curtain wall is higher than Sticks.
- The transportation of panels is more complicated.
- Units are assembled and glazed under controlled shop
conditions.
- Full pressure equalization drainage system at each floor.
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STRUCTURAL GLAZING
A structural glazing curtain wall system uses the same
aluminum mullion components as the stick built curtain wall
except that the mullion nose (neck) of the verticals is omitted
to create a capless vertical joint system. The vertical joints
between the igus are sealed on the outside with silicone
sealant for a flush exterior appearance. The horizontal
mullions are constructed with standard pressure plates and
caps
Structural glazing is a system of bonding glass to a building’s structural
framing members utilizing a high strength, high performance silicone sealant
specifically designed and tested for structural glazing. In structural glazing
applications, dynamic wind loads are transferred from the glass, by the
structural silicone sealant, to the perimeter structural support.

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DESIGN COMPONENTS FOR STRUCTURAL GLAZING
A typical structural glazing system is composed of a number of essential components. The specific functions and
relevant concerns relating to each of these components are:
1. STRUCTURAL FRAMING The design professional specifies the structural framing members in accordance with
design parameters of the building project. The structural framing is normally fabricated from an aluminum alloy
and may be either anodized or finished with an architectural coating. If an architectural coating is applied, it
must be done in-shop by a licensed applicator in strict conformance with the manufacturer’s specification and
quality control procedures. Anodized coatings on aluminum tend to be variable, and may create problems for
silicone adhesion if not strictly monitored.
2. GLASS Glass type normally used is clear vision glass, which may be tinted or treated with a reflective coating.
Other types of glass considered by the design professional include: annealed, heat-strengthened, tempered,
laminated, or insulating glass. • Considerations – if the glass is treated with a reflective coating, low E coating, or
an opacifier (as with some spandrel types), structural silicone sealant adhesion to, and compatibility with, this
coating must be verified. If insulating glass is used, it shall be a high quality, dual-seal unit with a silicone
secondary seal in compliance with local specification.
3. STRUCTURAL SILICONE SEALANTS The sealant selection is made based on several factors, including: the type
of System being used, the design parameters to be met and the requirements of the glazing contractors, only
high strength silicone sealants specifically designed tested for structural glazing shall be used. General or multi-
purpose silicone sealants not specifically designed for structural glazing should not be used.
4. SPACERS, SETTING BLOCKS AND GASKETS The glass manufacturer shall be consulted for the specific design
requirements of spacers, setting blocks and gaskets. These requirements include factors like size, location and
hardness.

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Advantages of Structural Glazing
▪ Allows for broader architectural design flexibility
▪ Increases the thermal efficiency of buildings, because the exterior exposure of metal framing is either
reduced or eliminated
▪ Reduces or eliminates water and air infiltration
▪ Reduces the potential for thermal breakage of glass
Typical structural
glazed wall