nature of mental retardation or intellectual disability characteristics of a person with mental retardation or IDs Etiology of mental retardation

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Nature, Characteristics and
Etiology of Mental
Retardation/Developmental
Disabilities Among the Children.

Submitted by: Abbas Khawar

Supervisor: Dr Muhibullah Khan Marwat

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ETIOLOGY
1. The study of causation,or
origination.
2. Atiologia a greek word''Giving a
reason for''
3. In medical sciences''the study
of why things occur''

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Mental Retardation:
It is a condition diagnosed before age
18,usually in infancy or prior to
birth,that includes below-average
general function,and a lack of the skills
necessary for daily living when onset
occurs at age 1.8 or after,it is called
dementia,which can coexist with a MR
diagnoses.

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Developmental Disabilities:
It is a diverse group of chronic
conditions that are due to mental or
physical impairments.Developmental
disabilities cause individuals living with
them many difficulties in certain areas
of life,especially in
''language,mobility,learning,self help
and independent living''.

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Nature of Effected Children
1. Language and speech disorders.
2. Early Detection of communication disorders.
3. Doesn't smile or interact with others.
4. Does not understand joke & chat.
5. Does not understand what others say.
6. Makes only a few sounds & gestures like pointing.
7. Says only a few words.{/bryan,bay,lopaz,reyna,daina1992}
8. Does not put words together to make sentences.
9. Has trouble playing and talking with other
children.
10.Has trouble with early reading & writing skills.

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MRDD among the Children.
It is actually intellectual disability
which occur in children from
birth , it is not a type of mental
illness, like depression, it is
uncureable but not a disease you
can catch from anyone. children
feels
stuttering,struggling,pauses,stretc-
hes and repeatition through
sounds out words and talking.[Hallahen
andkauffman 2004.] CONTI----

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The children have certain limitations in
mental functioning and in skills,
•
Such as communications,taking care of their
self and social skills like observance of the
values and traditions.hallahen & kauffman.2004']

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Causes of inellectual
disability.
1. Genetic conditions.''caused by abnormal
genes inherited from parents.''
2. Problem during pregnency.''when the baby
does not develop properly before birth.''
3. Problem at birth.''not get enough oxygen
during birth''.
4. Health problems.''disease like whooping
caugh,measals,meningitis,''and malnutrition
and not getting enough medical care,'.'
gargiula.2004/

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Intellectual disability
Children with intellectual disablities some
time called cognitive disabilities,may take
longer time to learn,to speak,to walk,and
to take care of their personals needs.
They do learn,but takes lenghty period.
Have a difficulty in learning in school.
There may be some things they can't
learn.smith at.el 2004/'

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Diagnosis of intellectual disabilities
1.The ability of a person's brain to
learn,to think,to solve problem,'IQ' or
intellectual functioning.
2.Whether the person has the skills their
needs to live independently called
adaptative behaviour.
3.IQ is measured by a test called IQ test.
4.IQ test average score is 100.
5.Children scoring below 70-75 are thaught -
Conti---

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DIiagnosis of intellectual disabilities
... to have a intellectual disability.
Adaptative behaviour.
1.What child can do,comprison to other
children of their age,i.e required .
2.Certain skills are important to adaptative
behaviour,these are.............
3.Daily living skill -dressing,attending wash
room,feeding one's self. conti----

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4.Common skills, such as under standing
what is said and being able to answer.
Social skills with peers,family members,adults
and others.

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Etiology of intellectual disability.
A number of environmental, Genetic or
multiple factors can cause Mental
retardation.
Approximately in 47 persent of cases, the
Etiology is not identified even after
throughly research and diagnoses.
Some children have a congenital
Malformation of the brain.
contin--

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Some have demage to the brian at a critical period
in prenatal and postnatal development.
Traumatic brain injury and Central Nervous
System problems are the causes of
Retardation.
Metabolic Disorders and a single Gene
disorders are the causes of Mental
Retardation.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTED
CHILDREN.
Children with DD/MR are all the same.
Children with DDs are a burden to their
families.
Children with DDs cannot learn.
Children with DDs should be part of the
community.
Children with DDs have behaviours that
cannot be understood.
Children with DDs cannot live
independently.[WOODCOCK&HILL-1996.J

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THANK YOU .

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