Session 53 Julia Hansson

Potentialen för kombinerad
produktion av biodrivmedel och
fjärrvärme i Europa

Julia Hansson

Fysisk resursteori,
F i k resursteori,
i
Energi och miljö, Chalmers tekniska högskola
miljö,

Medverkande: Göran Berndes, Andrea Egeskog, Sven Werner
Julia Hansson Chalmers University of Technology

Aim

To assess the possibility for co-generation of
biofuels for transport and heat for district
p
heating systems in EU25

Biofuels: DME, methanol, methane, Fischer
Tropsch diesel... (i.e., based on biomass
gasification)

DH: district heating
g


Context

• EU target for increased use of renewable
energy

• EU target for biofuels for transport in 2020
(
(at 10% of the transport demand)
p )

• Substantial use of fossil fuels (80%) in the
p ese t d st ct eat g syste s
present district heating systems in EU25
U 5

• Limited biomass supply potential

• Biomass gasification with synthesis to biofuels
for transport may generate excess heat
(Large scale
(Large-scale production is not yet commercial but
development/demonstration projects in progress)


Approach

Description of present national DH conditions
Estimate the possible bi f l/h
i h ibl biofuel/heat co-generation:
i
1. in the existing DH systems if competitive
compared t f
d to fossil f l b
il fuel based CHP (
d (combined
bi d
heat and power) or only heat only boilers
2.
2 that corresponds to the EU 2020 biofuels for
transport target
3.
3 from the expansion potential for the DH
systems


Approach: Euroheatspot model

The DH systems are on national level represented
by the aggregated contribution of the heat
y gg g
generation options in the individual systems

The aggregated DH systems are described by the
heat load duration diagram


Approach: Euroheatspot model

Biofuel/heat co-generation then introduced in the
DH systems, assumed base load capacity

Conversion effieciency:
50% for biofuels, 10% for heat
biofuels


Results : Inventory of present DH systems
PJ Heat production for DH from different options in 2003
500
petroleum HOB
450 6%
natural gas HOB 21%
400 coal HOB
petroleum CHP
350
Natural gas CHP
300 coal CHP
other
250
18%
200 21%
16%
29%
150 7%
1%

100 2%
12% 14%
8% 33%
50 2% 30% 0,3%
28%
2% 7%
3%
0
Belgium

etherlands

Slovenia
Austria

Sweden
Lithuania

Slova Republic
Czech Republic

Latvia
Estonia

Italy

Portugal
uxembourg
France

United Kingdom
Finland

Germany
Denmark

Hungary

Poland

ak
Ne
Lu


Results : Inventory of present DH systems
%: DH as share of the total national use of heat and electricity
PJ
500
petroleum HOB
450 6%
natural gas HOB 21%
400 coal HOB
petroleum CHP
350
Natural gas CHP
300 coal CHP
other
250
18%
200 21%
16%
29%
150 7%
1%

100 2%
12% 14%
8% 33%
50 2% 30% 0,3%
28%
2% 7%
3%
0
Belgium

etherlands

Slovenia
Austria

Sweden
Lithuania

Slova Republic
Czech Republic

Latvia
Estonia

Italy

Portugal
uxembourg
France

United Kingdom
Finland

Germany
Denmark

Hungary

Poland

ak
Ne
Lu


Results:

• If biofuel/heat co-generation replaces all the
use of fossil fuels for DH in EU the biofuels
production is substantial (except in Sweden)
Biomass supply potential limiting factor

• The share of the existing aggregated DH
systems in EU needed to reach the 2020
d d h h
biofuels target with biofuel/heat co-generation
only is about 15% - large national differences!


Results : Estimation based on existing system
Heat
H t production th t corresponds t th 2020 bi f l t
d ti that d to the biofuels targets when
t h
biofuel/heat co-generation competetive compared to fossil CHP
PJ
500
petroleum HOB
16%
450 natural gas HOB
t l
3%
coal HOB
400
petroleum CHP
350 Natural gas CHP
coal CHP
l
300
biofuel/heat co-gen
250 other
2%
2%
200
4%
3%
150 38%
13%

100 6% 58%
12% 4%
3% 4%
50 38% 3%
79% 72% 13%
0

rlands
ustria

public

stonia

bourg
Belgium

Slovenia

gdom
Finland

Germany

weden
nmark

oland

public
Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

rtugal
Italy
France

Po
Au

United King
Luxemb
Czech Rep

Slovak Rep
L
Den

Sw
Por
Nether
Es


%: biofuel/heat
% bi f l/h t co-generation as share of total DH production
ti h ft t l d ti
=PJshare of DH systems needed to meet 2020 biofuels target
500
petroleum HOB
16%
450 natural gas HOB
t l
3%
coal HOB
400
petroleum CHP
350 Natural gas CHP
coal CHP
l
300
biofuel/heat co-gen
250 other
2%
2%
200
4%
3%
150 38%
13%

100 6% 58%
12% 4%
3% 4%
50 38% 3%
79% 72% 13%
0

rlands
ustria

public

stonia

bourg
Belgium

Slovenia

gdom
Finland

Germany

weden
nmark

oland

public
Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

rtugal
Italy
France

Po
Au

United King
Luxemb
Czech Rep

Slovak Rep
L
Den

Sw
Por
Nether
Es


Results:

• In Italy the DH system is not large enough to
correspond to the 2020 biofuel target

• In Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Latvia, Lithuania
Latvia Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia the
possibility for biofuel/heat co-generation is
larger than the 2020 biofuel target


0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180

Julia Hansson
Austria
Results:

Belgium

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

L
Luxembourg
n.a
2020 biofuel target (%)

N
Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Slov Republic
vak

Slovenia

Sweden
Share of national biomass supply potential needed to meet the

Unite Kingdom
ed
Chalmers University of Technology

Heat
H t production when bi f l/h t co-gen i not competetive
d ti h biofuel/heat is t t ti
PJ compared to fossil CHP
500
petroleum HOB
450 natural gas HOB
2%
coal HOB
400
petroleum CHP
350 Natural gas CHP
coal CHP
l
300
biofuel/heat co-gen
250 other

200
2%

150 37%

100 4%
3%
2% 3%
50 2%
7%
0

erlands
Austria

epublic

Estonia

mbourg
elgium

ovenia

ngdom
Finland

Germany

weden
nmark

Poland

Slovak Republic
ungary

Latvia

huania
Italy

ortugal
France
Den

Sw
Slo
Lith
Hu

United Kin
P
F
Be

Luxem
A

Po
Czech Re

Nethe

Result: Estimation based on existing systems

• Size of individual systems – limiting factor?

Biofuel/heat co-generation: 250-1000 MW input

Share of DH systems that can accomodate these
Sweden: approximately 35% resp. 10%
pp y p
Germany: approximately 50% resp. 25%


Result: Estimation based on DH expansion potential

• The estimated expansion potential for DH to
2020 is large enough to accommodate surplus
heat corresponding to a substantial production of
biofuels, i.e., the 2020 biofuels target level

• Given that the expansion potential for DH to
2020 is first covered by estimated possibilities
i fi t db ti t d ibiliti
for waste incineration and industrial waste heat
the possible biofuel p
p production is drastically
y
reduced


Conclusions

• The aggregated district heating systems are in
general large compared to the demand for
biofuels for transport in 2020

• Large national differences for the possibility for
biofuel/heat co-generation, which also depends
on the cost-competitiveness compared to other
heat generation options
h i i

• Limited potential for biofuel/heat co-generation if
less competitive than fossil fuel based CHP (i.e.,
only in some countries)


Conclusions

• The expansion potential for the DH systems
represents a substantial possibility for
biofuel/heat co-generation

• But the possibility to use industrial waste heat
and waste incineration and the cost-
competitiveness compared to CHP are crucial

• Policies, technological development and the
future demand for biomass and biofuels will
influence the attractiveness of biofuel/heat co-
generation


To do:

• To investigate the cost-effectiveness of CHP
versus bi f l/h t co-generation f
biofuel/heat ti from a
climate perspective

Tack för mig!

Frågor?


Session 53 Julia Hansson

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