foot pressure measurement

1. BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
Department of Biomedical Engineering
BIOMECHANICS
Course Code: 04041110
Lecture 06: Foot Pressure Measurement
Date: 22/02/2023
Course Teacher: Tohfatul Jinan
Lecturer
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics
BUHS
1

2. Pedobarograph
Pedobarography is the study of pressure fields acting between
the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting surface.
Pedobarography is a new method that enables measurement of
pressure between the foot and the floor during dynamic
loading. Pedobarography analysis shows the distribution of
plantar pressure of the foot.
Used most often for biomechanical analysis of gait and posture,
pedobarography is employed in a wide range of applications
including sports biomechanics and gait biometrics.
The term 'pedobarography' is derived from the Latin: pedes,
referring to the foot (as in: pedometer, pedestrian, etc.), and
the Greek: baros meaning 'weight' and also 'pressure' (as in:
barometer, barograph).

3. Force Platform
Force platforms or force plates are measuring instruments that measure the
ground reaction forces generated by a body standing on or moving across
them, to quantify balance, gait and other parameters of biomechanics. Most
common areas of application are medicine and sports.
The force platform (or force plate) is an instrument commonly used in gait
analysis. It gives the total force applied by the foot to the ground, although
it does not show the distribution of different parts of this force (e.g. heel
and forefoot) on the walking surface. Some force platforms give only one
component of the force (usually vertical), but most give a full
three-dimensional description of the ground reaction force vector. The
electrical output signals may be processed to produce three components of
force (vertical, lateral and fore–aft), the two coordinates of the center of
pressure and the moments about the vertical axis. The center of
pressure(COP) is the point on the ground through which a single resultant
force appears to act, although in reality the total force is made up of
innumerable small force vectors, spread out across a finite area on the
surface of the platform.

4. 1. https://www.hawkindynamics.com/blog/what-i
s-a-force-plate
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VAOFqV
NuRY

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTFD6YelrxQ

8. Mechanics of Foot
Foot and ankle biomechanics is the science of how the musculoskeletal structure and
movement of the foot and ankle work together to produce movement. Biomechanical
dysfunction is an acquired change in musculoskeletal mechanics that result in faulty movement
patterns.
The foot is made up of small, non-fused bones that allow it to be capable of many movements:
• flexion
• extension
• inversion (sole of the foot turns toward midline of the body)
• eversion (sole of the foot turns away from midline of the body)
• adduction (moving toward)
• abduction (moving away)
• the big toe can also do circumduction (around)

9. The Foot Tripod
The foot tripod is of a concept used to explain to individual’s how weight
should evenly distribute throughout the foot. The points are:
1.The center of the calcaneus (the heel)
2.The head of the 5th metatarsal (the base of the pinky toe)
3.The head of the 1st metatarsal (the ball of the foot)
The combination of points creates foot stability while still maintaining the
ability to move. The stronger the tripod, the greater the stability will be, if the
tripod maintains its mobility. This increase in stability also aids in the
prevention of unintentional over pronation (foot rotates outward rotation of
the ankle or heel) or over supination (foot rotates inward rotation of the ankle
or heel), a problem that affects runners, dancers, lower body driven sports, or
sports that involve jumping, lifting, or pivoting.

10. Total Hip Prosthesis: Requirements
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made
joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis.
Hip implants are medical devices intended to restore mobility and relieve pain usually
associated with arthritis and other hip diseases or injuries. Every hip implant has benefits
and risks. Every hip implant system has unique device design features such as size, shape,
and material, and dimensions

11. Total Hip Prosthesis: Components
Your hip joint is made up of 2 major parts. One or both parts may be
replaced during surgery:
1. The hip socket (a part of the pelvic bone called the acetabulum)
2. The upper end of the thighbone (called the femoral head)
The new hip that replaces the old one is made up of these parts:
1. A socket, which is usually made of strong metal.
2. A liner, which fits inside the socket. It is most often plastic. Some
surgeons are now trying other materials, such as ceramic or metal.
The liner allows the hip to move smoothly.
3. A metal or ceramic ball that will replace the round head (top) of
your thigh bone.
4. A metal stem that is attached to the thigh bone to anchor the joint.

13. Total Hip Prosthesis: Requirements
Materials Used in Hip Implants
In the United States, there are currently four types of total hip replacement devices
available with different bearing surfaces. These are:
Metal-on-Polyethylene: The ball is made of metal and the socket is made of plastic
(polyethylene) or has a plastic lining.
Ceramic-on-Polyethylene: The ball is made of ceramic and the socket is made of plastic
(polyethylene) or has a plastic lining.
Ceramic-on-Ceramic: The ball is made of ceramic and the socket has a ceramic lining.
Ceramic-on-Metal: The ball is made of ceramic and the socket has a metal lining.

14. Total Hip Prosthesis: Stress analysis &
Instruments

15. Knee Prosthesis:
Knee replacement is where portions of the bones that form the knee
joint are removed and replaced with artificial implants. It is performed
primarily to relieve knee pain and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis.
There are two main types:
1. total knee replacement, where the entire joint is replaced with
artificial surfaces
2. partial knee replacement, where only one damaged compartment
of the knee is replaced
Total knee replacement is the more common of these two procedures.

16. Knee Prosthesis:
The structure of the knee, a complex joint that consists of
three bones:
• the femur (thighbone)
• the tibia (shinbone)
• the patella (kneecap)
There are four artificial components that compose a total
knee replacement implant:
• a tibial component,
• femoral component,
• patellar component, and
• a plastic spacer
The meniscus is a c-shaped pad of cartilage in the knee that acts as a
shock absorber.

17. Knee Prosthesis: