The document discusses various approaches to understanding and identifying learning disabilities, highlighting cognitive, sensory, disability-based, and society-based methods. It outlines the roles of education and society in supporting individuals with disabilities, emphasizing the importance of specialized training and resources for visually and hearing-impaired individuals. Additionally, it addresses juvenile delinquency, its causes, and reform strategies, alongside the role of teachers in supporting students with learning disabilities.

1. Unit II
Understanding the learning
Disabilities - Approaches
K.Thangavel
Assistant Professor,
Thiagarajar College of Preceptors.
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

2. Identifying Children with Disability
• Cognitive Approach:
Children With Disabilities could be easily
identified by observing the limitations in
individual’s cognitive abilities like receiving
information,
processing, interpreting and reacting to it.
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

3. • Measuring the Intelligence level
• IQ
• IQ - Average 90 to 110
• IQ - Slow Learner/Backward Learner 70-90
• IQ less than 70 termed as MR
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

4. • Intelligence tests are
Verbal test
Non – Verbal test
Performance test
Disabled – Individual test
Others like illiterate – Performance test.
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

5. Drawbacks of the Cognitive Approach
in the Identification of the disabled
• It is not possible for visually, hearing and
speech impaired
• MR could be identified using cognitive
approach
• It gives priority to provide special education
• This approach is not contributing much in
improving the degree of disability.
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

6. 2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

7. Sensory Approach
• Disabled could be identified by measuring
their sensory abilities.
• To improve their handicap by providing
facilities
• To help them in their routine activities
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

8. Ways and means of improving the
level of Visual Disability
• Special School for the Blind
• Providing facilities to learn through hearing
and touching and using Walking sticks with
ultra sonic technology
• Brailbooks and materials
• Scribe
• Training in swimming and running
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

9. • Training in Musical Aptitude
• Vocational training like
• Weaving
• Candle-making
• Book binding
• Basket making to make them economically
independent.
• Training in specially designed computer for the
blind
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

10. Responsibilities of the Society and
State
• Allocation of specified percentage of
reservation for blind in the teaching post and
office assistant etc.
• Distributing walking sticks
• Separate lanes for walking in the streets
• Helping blind to use public transport by
providing low level foot steps
• Ramp in building and handles in side walls
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

11. Ways and means of improving the
level of Hearing Disability
• Training them in the use of hearing aids
• Auditory training to use of hearing aids
• Training in lip-reading
• Sign language to communicate with others
• Responsibilities
• Employment
• Auditory environment and devices
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

12. 2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

13. Disability Based Approach in
Identifying the Disabled
• This approach insists on finding the area in
which one exhibits disability, in order to
identify him as a handicapped.
• Eg. Social participation should be taken as a
the basis for identifying the handicapped
according to the disability approach
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

14. Society Based Approach in Identifying
the Disabled
• Instead of identifying the handicapped
through assessment of cognitive abilities or
sensory functioning or different kinds of
disabilities, priority is given in identifying the
people with maladjusted or delinquent
behaviour.
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

15. Juvenile Delinquents
• Severe antisocial behaviour of children is
referred as “Delinquency”.
• Adults indulging in such antisocial behaviour
are branded as Criminals.
• Three categories:
• Problem Children
• Delinquents
• Criminals
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

16. Definition
• “ A delinquent is a minor, who has been
apprehended for violating the law, his act may
range from stealing and destructiveness to
sexual promiscuity”
• Delinquents are children below the age of 18,
who indulge in such antisocial acts which if
committed by adults are legally punishable.
• - Cyril Burt
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

17. Causes for Delinquency
• Familial
• Environmental
• School related factors
• Personal factors
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

18. 2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

19. Ways and Means of Reforming the
Delinquents
• Send to Remand Homes or Borstal Schools
• Constructive re-education
• Therapeutic methods
• Skill training
• Dramatics
• Social work
• Appreciation and opportunities
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

20. • To provide healthy and congenial environment
• Not falling back to the old environment.
• Boys Town help a lot in rehabilitating the
reformed youths.
• Arranging education
• School life should be joyous for everyone.
• Individual Differences are to be recognised
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

21. • School should give importance for discipline
introducing programmes like NCC etc.
• Faith in god provides a kind of psychological
security
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

22. Role of teachers in Managing Students
with Learning Disabilities
• Mastery model
Own level of mastery
Practice
Gain fundamental skills
Mainly for adult learners
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

23. Direct Instruction
• Highly structured
• Intensive instruction
• Scripted lesson plans
• Rapid-paced interaction
• Correcting mistakes immediately
• Achievement based grouping
• Frequent progress assessments
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

24. • Classroom adjustments
• Special equipments
• Classroom assistants
• Special education
2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.

25. 2/24/2021
K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of
Preceptors, Madurai-9.