This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors Madurai for B.Ed Trainees

1. Emergence and development of knowledge,
subject and curriculum in social, political and
intellectual context
Mrs.R.Kohila Devi
Asst. Prof. in Education
Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
Madurai -9

2. Knowledge
Swami Vivekananda
Plato

4. Methods of Acquiring Knowledge
1. Knowledge through Sense of Experience
2. Knowledge through Intuition
3. Knowledge through Reasoning and Rationalization
4. Knowledge through Empirical Approach
5. Knowledge through Inspirational Approach
6. Knowledge through Authoritarian
7. Knowledge through Social Awareness
8. Knowledge through Action
9. Knowledge through Training.

5. Explosion of Knowledge
Plurality of knowledge
Integration of knowledge
Interdisciplinary Approach
Several specializations
Emerging Problems relating to Knowledge

6. Change and the Curriculum
 The curriculum can either reflect society or
reflect upon and indirectly help shape society
 The first approach views the school and educator
as mirrors of society;
 The second approach views schools and school
people as instruments of change.
 The former approach is based on the traditional
conception of education.
 The first approach tends to coincide with
 the reality of schools
 The second approach borders on the ideal.

7. Society as a Source of Change
 Contemporary society is changing that we have
difficulty coping with it and adjusting ourselves to
the present and preparing for the future.
 We are forced to look to the schools for help in
understanding and living with social change.
Rate and Direction of Change
Educators, especially curriculum specialists,
need to reduce educational lag.

8. Schools as a Source of Change
 Elementary school –changes are minimum
 In school set of rules shapes a individual personalities and behavior
 Hoy and Miskel describe this process:
“The school is “characterized by an interdependence of parts, a
clearly defined population differentiation from its environment, a
complex network or social relationships, and its own unique culture.”

9. Knowledge as a Source of Change
As society changes, so does our knowledge.
The schools should be considered as a major data
source for,
i) screening knowledge against aims of the society
that sets for education,
ii) identifying important kinds of knowledge,
iii) determining what
can and should be taught.

10. Explosion of Knowledge
According to Bentley Glass
“that the amount of scientific knowledge available at
the end of one’s life will be almost one
hundred times what it was, when he was born”.
Warren Ziegler maintains that:
i) More mathematics has been created since 1900 than
during the entire period of history,
ii) half of what a graduate engineer studies today will
be absolute in 10 years,
iii) half of what a person

11. Knowledge Areas and Skills
Joseph Tykociner suggests twelve basic areas of knowledge for
dealing with change:
i)arts
ii) symbolic of information
iii) hylenergetics (science dealing with matter and energy)
iv)biological science
v) social science
vi) sociology
vii) exeligmology (science dealing with the past)
viii) pronoelics (science related to sustaining humanities)
ix) regulative area (harmonizing human relations)
x) disseminative area (transmission of knowledge)
xi) zetelics (how knowledge can be systemized and increased)
xi) integrative areas.