This second practice theory course builds on SWK 501, Generalist Practice with Individuals, Families and Small Groups, extending the concepts of strengths based practice to work with organizations and communities. The relationships between communities and organizations and at risk populations are infused throughout the course. Knowledge, values and skills will be obtained throughout the course. These will be gained through readings, oral and written assignments, and videos

1. Understanding Human Behavior and the Social
Environment
Eleventh Edition
Chapter 9
Gender, Gender
Identity, Gender
Expression, and
Sexism
Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.

2. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
• LO 9-1 Define gender, gender identity, gender
expression, and gender roles
• LO 9-2 Discuss the social construction of gender
• LO 9-3 Examine the complexities of gender,
gender identity, and gender expression.
• LO 9-4 Evaluate traditional gender-role stereotypes
over the lifespan
• LO 9-5 Assess some differences between men and
women (including abilities and communication
styles)

3. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
• LO 9-6 Discuss economic inequality between men
and women
• LO 9-7 Examine sexual harassment
• LO 9-8 Review sexist language
• LO 9-9 Examine rape and sexual assault
• LO 9-10 Explore intimate partner violence
• LO 9-11 Identify means of empowering women

4. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-1
• Define Gender, Gender Identity, Gender
Expression, and Gender Roles
– Gender
 Gender is becoming a complicated concept
– Gender Identity
Gender expression
– Gender Roles
– Gender-role socialization

5. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-2
• Discuss The Social Construction of Gender
– A positive aspect of the social constructionist approach
is that it incorporates the concept of human diversity, a
major focus in social work.
– People learn how they’re expected to behave through
their interactions with others around them.
• Social constructionist approach
– Social construction of gender

6. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-3
• Examine The Complexities of Gender, Gender
Identity, and Gender Expression
– Other Forms of Gender Expression
• It is estimated that 1 out of every 1,500 to 2,000
babies born has some combination of physical
characteristics demonstrated by both sexes
• Pseudohermaphrodite
• Intersex
• Hermaphrodite

7. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-4
• Evaluate Traditional Gender-Role Stereotypes over
the Life Span
– Childhood
– Adolescence
– Adulthood
– Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Gender-Role
Development
– The Special Issues and Needs of Men

8. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-5
• Assess Some Differences Between Men and
Women
– Ability Level
 Males have traditionally been thought to have better
mathematical ability and females better verbal ability.
– Communication Styles
 Women tend to be better than men at understanding nonverbal
cues and reading other people’s emotions.
– People as Individuals
 Men and women are more similar than dissimilar.

9. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
Significant Issues and Events in the Lives of
Women
• Economic inequality
• Sexual harassment
• Sexist language
• Sexual assault
• Battered women
• Empowerment of women

10. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-6
• Economic Inequality Between Men and Women
– Today, the median income of women who work full-time
is about 77 percent of what men earn
– Almost 60 percent of all women age 25 and overwork
outside the home
– Women earn less than men even when they’re in the
same occupation

11. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-7
• Examine Sexual Harassment
– Sexual harassment is a serious form of sex
discrimination that affects business, industrial,
academic, and public work environments.
• The Definition of Sexual Harassment
– Strengthening the Definition: A Macro-System Response
– The Extent of Sexual Harassment
– Effects of Sexual Harassment
– Confronting Sexual Harassment

12. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-8
• Examine Sexist Language
– One form of sexual harassment involves making verbal
remarks that establish an offensive or stifling work or
educational environment.
– Such language can include jokes with inappropriate
sexual connotations.
– It can also include derogatory comments about ability
based on gender
• Using Nonsexist Language

13. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-9
• Examine Rape and Sexual Assault
– Incidence of Rape
– Theoretical Views of Rape
– Common Myths About Rape
– Profile of a Rapist
– Suggestions for Rape Prevention
– Date Rape
– Survivors’ Reactions to Rape
– Suggestions for Counseling Rape Survivors: Keys to
Empowerment

14. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-10
• Explore Intimate Partner Violence
– In the vast majority of heterosexual partner-abuse
cases, men abuse women.
• The Abusive Perpetrator
– The Battering Cycle
– Why Does She Stay?
– Battering in Gay and Lesbian Relationships
– Community Responses to Empower Battered Women:
Their Alternatives

15. Copyright © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
LO 9-11
• Identify Means of Empowering Women
– Social workers can help women regain their sense of
having power and of being in control of their lives.
– Social workers can teach women about assertiveness
and how to develop assertiveness skills.
– Social workers can also encourage women to express
their anger instead of holding it in.
– Social workers can encourage women to take care of
themselves.
• Strategies for Empowering Women and Achieving
Sexual Equality