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1.
THE PROBLEMS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AT HYDERABAD CITY, PAKISTAN
Presented By
SATESH KUMAR
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
SINDH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
TANDOJAM

2. ◙ What is Municipal Solid waste
◙ Main Sources of Municipal Solid Waste
◙ Generation of Municipal Solid Waste
◙ Dumping Sites of MSW in Hyderabad City
◙ Garbage Collection System and its Problems
◙ Effects of Municipal Solid Waste
◙ Suggestions For Improvement of MSW
Presentation Contents

3. What Is Municipal Solid Waste?
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), commonly called “trash” or “garbage,”
includes wastes:
◙ Durable goods (e.g., tires, furniture)
◙ Nondurable goods (e.g., newspapers, plastic plates/cups)
◙ Containers and packaging (e.g., milk cartons, plastic wrap)
◙ Other wastes (e.g., yard waste, food).
This category of waste generally refers to common household waste, as well
as office and retail wastes, but excludes industrial, hazardous and
construction wastes and collected usually by local government bodies (Center
for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. 2014).

4. Map of Hyderabad City
Eighth Largest city of Pakistan
Population: 1,447,275 (2008)

5. Main Sources of Municipal Solid Waste Generation
●
Residential Waste
●
Commercial Waste
●
Hospital Waste
●
Animal Waste

6. S. No Waste Type Generation Rate
(kg/Head/Day)
Total Solid Waste
Generation in
Tons/day
1 Residential Waste 0.37 752
2 Commercial Waste 0.21 426
3 Hospital Waste 0.004 8
4 Recyclable Waste 0.22 447
Total MSW
Generation
0.8 1625
Municipal Solid Waste Generation Per Day In Hyderabad City
Source: Mahar et.al, 2011

7. Seasons Residential Waste Commercial Waste Total
Summer Season 0.28 0.113 0.39
Monsoon Season 0.43 0.214 0.64
Winter Season 0.41 0.302 0.71
Average 0.37 0.21 0.58
Residential & Commercial Municipal Solid Waste Generation In Hyderabad City
(kg/Head/Day):
Source: Mahar et.al, 2011

8. No. GH No. PH Total
NB
GR
(kg/Bed/Day)
AW
NB x GR
Populatio
n
(Census
1998)
GR
(kg/Head/Day)
= AW/
Population
11a 20a 3647a 2.21b 8059.87 2,031,000c 0.004
Hospital Waste Generation In Hyderabad City:
Source: Umeed Foundation Hyderabad
Where
No. GH: Number of Government Hospitals
No.PH: Number Of Private Hospitals
NB: Number of Beds
GR: Generation Rate
AW: Amount of Waste in kg
a: Directorate of General Health Service Hyderabad city
b: Umeed Foundation Hyderabad City
c: Development Statistics of Sindh, Planning and Development
Department, Government of Sindh

9. S. No Waste Components Percentage
1 Ash, Bricks and Dust 18.13
2 Glass 6.08
3 Metals 3.66
4 Cardboard 6.70
5 Food Waste 30.81
6 Leather 1.11
7 Paper 5.89
8 Plastic 8.74
9 Rubber 1.09
10 Textile 2.07
11 Wood 1.83
12 Yard waste 13.84
Total 100
Municipal Solid Waste Components In Hyderabad City
Source: Mahar et.al, 2011

10. Ash, Bricks and Dust; 18.13
Glass; 6.08
Metals; 3.66
Cardboard; 6.7
Food Waste; 30.81
Leather; 1.11
Paper; 5.89
Plastic; 8.74
Rubber; 1.09
Textile; 2.07
Wood; 1.83
Yard waste; 13.84
Municipal Solid Waste Components In Hyderabad City

11. ❶ Phuleli Channel
❷ Site Area of Hyderabad City
❸ Hala Naka and Bakra Mandi (Goat Market)
❹ By-Pass to Naseem Nagar
❺ Road Sides/Shoulders
❻ Public Parks/ playgrounds
❼ Vacant plots and areas
Dumping Sites of MSW in Hyderabad City:

12. Garbage Collection System And Its Problems
Stage 1: From house → resident travels to dispose garbage → to
dust bins
Stage 2: From dust bins → municipality vehicles dispose of garbage
→ to dumping sites OR
→ to unofficial dumping ground

13. Problems:
● Poor attendance of sanitary workers.
● Gradual decrease in number of dust bins, as a large number of garbage
containers (Katchra Kundi) are in the workshop for repairs.
● Those who live further away prefer not to take the trouble
● The resultant is that majority of home waste ends up being thrown away on
empty plots.
● Those bins can only be found along the main roads
● Haphazard accumulation of garbage on streets, in open spaces and in drains.
●
The uncollected waste usually finds it way in sewers, is eaten by the cattle, or
left to rot in the open, or burnt on roadsides. These are harmful practices.

14. Effects Of Municipal Solid Waste
Economic Effects
■ Increased Transport cost
■ Increased Health cost
■ Repair of Sewer Lines
■ Decline in crop production
Health Problems
■ Malaria
■ Cholera
■ Hepatitis A, B & C
■ Asthma
■ Eye Irritation
■ Reparatory Diseases
■ Serious consequences relation to
new born and unborn babies.
Environmental Effects
■ Smoke and bad odour
■ Generation of hazardous gases
■ Acid deposition – acid rain
■ Climate change
■ Ozone depletion – ecosystem damage

15. Suggestions For Improvement of MSW
❶ Developing legal framework and national guidelines for MSW management
❷ Development of 3R’s (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) concept in MSW management
❸ Raising awareness about consequences caused by solid waste pollution among:
►General Public
► Politicians
► Policy Makers
► Administrative Bodies
❹ Collaboration among Government sector, NGO’s, CBO’s and Private sector
❺ Involvement of Private Sector For Collection and Recycling on commercial basis ❻
House to house collection of MSW should be organized
❼ Littering of solid waste should be prohibited in cities, towns and urban areas
❽ Proper segregation would be vital for scientific disposal of waste

16. THANK YOU