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Homeostasis
PART 2
Human urinary
system
kidneys
Renal arteries and renal veins
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
kidney
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
Ureter
Renal artery
Renal vein
Renal hilus
Nephron
Cortical nephron Juxtamedullary nephron
Structure of
nephron
1: Renal corpuscle (
glomerulus and
bowman capsule)
2: Renal tubule (
proximal and distal
tubule. Loop of Henle ,
and collecting duct)
Nephron Function
Glomerulus and
bowman’s capsule
Countercurrent
multiplier
Kidney stones
Hypercalcemia
hyperoxaluria
1: Calcium oxalate
70%
2: calcium
phosphate 15%
3: uric acid
crystals 10 %
Lithotripsy
Dialysis
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis is a process
that uses a man-made
membrane (dialyzer) to:
Remove wastes, such as
urea, from the blood.
Restore the proper
balance of electrolytes in
the blood. Eliminate extra
fluid from the body.
Peritoneal dialysis
A dialysis technique that
uses the patient's own
body tissues inside the
abdominal cavity as a
filter. A plastic tube called
a dialysis catheter is
surgically placed through
the abdominal wall, into
the abdominal cavity.
Kidney transplant
Kidney
transplantation or renal
transplantation is the
organ transplant of a
kidney into a patient with
end-
stage renal disease. Kidney
transplantation is typically
classified as deceased-donor
(formerly known as
cadaveric) or living-donor
transplantation
depending on the source of
the donor organ.
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the
ability of an organism to
keep its body
temperature within
certain boundaries, even
when the surrounding
temperature is very
different
Thermoregulation
in plants during
low temperature
Thermoregulation
in animals
Poikilotherms
Examples
Reptiles, some fish ,
amphibians
Homeotherms
Examples
Birds and mamals
Ectotherms
Reptiles,
amphibian ,
invertebrates , fish .
Endotherm
Birds, some fishes and flying
insects
Hetrotherms
Bats and humming
birds
Regulation of heat
exchange between
animal and its
environment.
1: structural adaptations
2: physiological
adaptation
3: behavioral adaptations
1: structural
adaptations
Pelage
Sweat glands
Panting
Physiological
adaptations
1:Plumage fluffing
2: Evaporative
cooling
Behavioral
adaptation
Lizard basking in sun
Regulatory
strategies
Shivering and non
shivering thermogenesis
Brown fat
Regulatory strategies
In cold temperature In warm temperature
Pyrexia
Fever, also known
as pyrexia and febrile
response, is defined as
having a temperature
above the normal
range due to an
increase in the body's
temperature set-point.

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Homeostasisis part 2