The document discusses the key components of a state and its internal organization into branches of government. It defines a state as having a territory, population, sovereignty, and government. A state establishes three branches - legislative, administrative, and judiciary - to divide responsibilities. The legislative branch makes laws, the administrative branch executes laws and maintains foreign relations, and the judiciary branch enforces laws and settles legal disputes. The document then provides examples of the government structure of Bangladesh, India, the United States, and Australia to illustrate these concepts.

1. Presented By,
Syed Nakibul Ahsan
Reg No. 2015135077

2. “The state as a concept of Political Science and public law is a community of
persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of
territory independent or merely so of external control an possessing an organized
government to which greater body of inhabitants render habitual obedience.”
-Dr. Garner
Territory Population
Soverignty Government
State

3.  State government has to establish, execute, and enforce law to maintain peace in
state.
 Internal organizations are made up to divide these responsibilities to different
bodies.
Internal
Organizations
Legislative
Branch
Administrative
Branch
Judiciary
Branch

4.  The branch which establishes laws.
 Elected by people of state
 Makes laws and constitution.
 Modifies laws and constitution.
 Example: Jatiyo Sangsad of Bangladesh, Congress of United States.

5.  Executes laws.
 Maintains relation with foreign countries.
 Works for country’s sovereignty.
 Works for economic, infrastructural and social development.
Administrative
Branch
Local Federal

6.  Head of the administrative branch can be decided in 3 ways:
I. Election
II. Nomination
III. Monarchy/ Dictatorship
 Head of the administrative branch can be removed by:
I. Legislative branch
II. Legislative and judicial branch
III. Legislative branch and people

7.  Generally seen in democratic countries
 Example: Bangladesh, India, United States etc.
Election
Popular Election
Election by
Electoral College
Election by
Parliament

8.  Monarch finds power from ancestors.
 Dictator gets power through coup or civil war.
 Monarch/dictator is the supreme ruler.
 No say of anyone else.
 Example of monarchy: Saudi Arabia.
 Example of dictatorship: North Korea.

10.  Name of head of the administrative branch is nominated.
 Nomination is given by a board or body.
 This body can be anyone as per the state’s constitution.
 Example: Governor-General of Australia, Chairman of Communist realm etc.

12.  Enforce law.
 Justify an event and give decision under the laws established and logical analysis.
 Chief of justice is the head.
 Nominated by the head of the government.
 Divided into federal and local levels.

13.  Administrative and judicial body are divided into local level.
 It makes the execution and enforcement of laws easier and effective.
 Different countries have different level of localization in the state government
structure.

14.  Name of the state: People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
 Head of the state: President (elected by parliament members).
 Legislative Body:
 Called ‘Jatiyo Sangsad’
 345 members (300 from election and 45 reserved).
 Members are elected direct from the vote of people.
 Each members represents individual geographical units.
 Valid for 5 years.
 Administrative Body:
 Prime minister is the head.
 Named by the political party gets majority in Jatiyo Sangsad.

15.  Judiciary Body:
 Chief Justice is the head.
 Supreme Court is the apex court.
 Supreme Court has two divisions -> i) Appellate Division and ii) High Court division
 Local Organizations
Local
Government
Urban
City
Corporation
(8)
Municipality
(284)
Rural
Zilla Parishad
(64)
Upazilla
Parishad
(482)
Union
Parishad
(4451)

16.  Administrative Body:
 President is the head.
 Mixture of popular election and electoral college system.
 Legislative body:
 Called Congress.
 There are 2 parts: i) Senate: 100 in numbers and comes from each of the
states;
ii) House of Representatives: 435 in number, each state
gets
the amount in account of their
population.
 Judiciary Body:
 Includes Supreme Court and 9 justice.
 Federal judicial body has lower court in each state.

17.  Administrative Body:
 Prime minister is the head.
 Passes the laws made by legislative body.
 Legislative Body:
 Called ‘Lok Sabha’.
 Makes the laws.
Judiciary Body:
 Supreme Court is the apex court.

18.  https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliame
ntary_Library/Publications_Archive/Background_Papers/bp9798/98bp12;
 http://www.elections.in/government;
 Three Branches of Government by White House;
 https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/48137101/Bangladesh_Gover
nment_Structure.docx?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=
1555173049&Signature=EPGRnY%2Brygeor%2F9Db2Bu1Xi6XH4%3D&response
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disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3DBangladesh_Government_Structure.
docx