In this presentation i will explain about approaches of political geography.

1. Approaches of political
geography
Prepared by:
“Anum
Chaudhary”

2. There are so many materials and methods are available to
study political geography. This direct us to figure
approaches in studding this subject . There are many
approaches which have been taken into account by
different scholars, among them Richard Hartshorne
recognized distinction within the field of political
geography .
APPROCHES OF POLITICAL
GEOGRAPHY

3. Six Approaches:
There are six approaches of political geography:
 Power analysis approach
 Historical approach
 Morphological approach
 Functional approach
 Behavioral approach
 Systematic approach

4. Defined
 Functional approach
 Behavioral approach
 Morphologic approach

5. DEFINE FUNCATIONAL
APPROACH:
 This particular approach is the most practiced
and taken into account among the approach
mentioned by Hartshorne. He himself has done a
lot research on it. In very short this approach
studies functioning of political areas which are
subdivided into subordinating area.

6. SPECIALTIES OF THE AREA
The specialties of this area are:
 They must have strong political association/
interaction among themselves.
 These areas need to contain association also
with outside states.
 They must have unity for well functioning.

7. Particular forces related to space
This approach studies two particular forces
related to space:
1. State strengthening or centralizing force.
2. State weakening force.

8. Functions of any state
The analysis of functional political geography
distinguishes dual function of any state there are:
1. Internal function
2. External function

9. Internal function
 Freedom of passage across interstate lines.
 Inter racial relations within a country
Example
Shiite sunni relation in pakistan .

10. EXTERNAL FUNCTION
 Territorial relations
 Economic relations
 Political relations
 Strategic relations

11. Behavioral approach
 Cases where space can be identified as an
indepent variable. It studies human behavior
based on spatial feature. Because the
differentiation of behavior occurs due to the
territorial pattern and boundaries of the world.

12. For Example:
 Marriage ceremony of a specific group of people.

13. Morphological approach
The geographical area of this world can strongly
be presented .
Example :
 Variety and diversity.

14.  The forms and features of the world spaces are
the basic indicator to classify the geopolitical area
according to their characteristics and this is core ,
complex concept of morphological approach.
 So, morphological approach is an approach
which studies, examines and analysis according
to their forms. These forms can be viewed from
two perspective which can be defined s the
indicators. they are
1. Pattern
2. Structure

15. Pattern:
 The global area is composed of several political
unit or entities. These political unites differ from
each other according to size, shape and location
and in such way their political geography also get
influenced. And these unite them and then to form
regional blocks, global alliance or international
administrative division to function in the global
world according to their specific characteristics of
pattern
 Example: size , shape, location .

16. Structure
 Structure of a State or country is indicated by its
political map or defined territory. In morphological
approach system structure means spatial or
space related features or state. Upper-lower
riparian, nature of land such as sandy, dry, soft,
rock etc are the Example of spatial feature.

17. Thank you