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1. SPIC

2. WHAT IS THE NEED FOR
PUMPS?
 IN PROCESS PLANTS TRANSPORTATION OF FLUIDS
IS VERY ESSENTIAL
 PUMPS ARE UTILIZED TO TRANSFER FLUID FROM
LOWER HEAD TO HIGHER HEAD
 PUMPS ARE NOT USED IN GRAVITY FLOWS, ONLY
FOR OPPOSAL DIRECTION OF GRAVITY FLOW
 A PUMP DOES NOT CREATE PRESSURE IT ONLY
PROVIDES FLOW

3. CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
1.ROTO DYNAMIC PUMP OR KINETIC PUMP
2.POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
 THE PUMPS IN WHICH THE TRANSFER OF FLUID TAKES
PLACE BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
 THE PUMPS IN WHICH THE TRANSFER OF FLUID TAKES
PLACE BY MECHANICAL FORCE

4. ROTO DYNAMIC PUMPS
1.CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
2.PERIPHERAL PUMP
3.SPECIAL TYPE PUMP(JET PUMP)
a. IMPELLER
b. CASING
c. SUCTION PIPE
d. DELIVERY PIPE
e. STRAINER
PARTS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

5. CONSTRUCTION

7. TYPE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Based on casing
1.Volute casing
2.Vortex casing.
3.Diffuser pump
Based on impeller
1.Closed impeller
2.Opened impeller
3.semi-closed impeller
Based on closed impeller
1.Low head
2.Medium head
3.High head
1.Single stage
2.Multi stage
Based on position of shaft
1.Horizontal
2.Vertical
Based on number of impellors

8. MULTI-STAGE CENTRIUGAL PUMP
IMPELLER IN SERIES
EXAMPLES
1.TURBINE PUMP
2.SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

9. MULTI-STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

10. MULTI-STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

11. MULTI-STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
IMPELLERS IN PARALLEL

12. SINGLE STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
1.Jet pump
2.Sewage pump
JET PUMP

13. TOTAL HEAD INDUCED BY THE PUMP

15. IMPORTANT FACTORS
CAVITATION
1.IF VACCUM PRESSURE IS UNDER 7.5 m OF WATER
WHEN PUMP IN AN ACTION, WATER EVAPORATES
2.THEN IT GENERATES A WATER BUBBLES
3.WATER BUBBLES ARRIVE THE IMPELLER AND EXPLODED
4. IT MAY CAUSE A DEFECT IN IMPELLER. IT IS CALLED
AS “CAVITATION”
5.TO PREVENT IT SUCTION PRESSURE IS TO BE MAINTAINED
UNDER CONTROL
6.NEITHER IMPORTANT ONE IS TO MAINTAIN THE FULL FLOW
IN THE SUCTION SIDE

16. IMPORTANCE FOR FULL FLOW
WE HAD ALREADY KNOW
MAINTAIN THE PUMP CASING WITH OUT CAVITY IS NECESSERY
FOR EXAMPLE WE TAKE A PUMP WHICH HAS A
SUCTION PIPE SIZE 2”
BY CHANCE IF THERE IS NO FULL FLOW IT MAY CAUSE
A CAVITATION
TO AVOID THAT WE SHOULD REDUCE SIZE OF THE PIPE
NEAR THE NOZZLE
WE CAN CONFIRM THIS BY UTILIZING OUR P&ID DRAWINGS

17. WHY WE PUT TOP FLAT ECCENTRIC
REDUCER FOR SLIDE SUCTION ?????

18. This place cavity occur

19. PRIMING
BEFORE MOTIVATE THE PUMP SUCTION PIPE ,CASING AND
DELIVERY PIPE ARE FILLED FULL OF WATER AND REMOVE
ATMOSPHERIC AIR. IT IS CALLED PRIMING
SELF PRIMING DEVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO DO THAT

20. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
ROTARY TYPE PUMP
RECIPROCATING PUMP
CLASSIFICATION OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
SINGLE ACTING PUMP
DOUBLE ACTING PUMP

23. GEAR PUMP
Rotary pumps
PARTS
1.GEARS
2.CASING
3.SUCTION PIPE
4.DELIVERY PIPE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
TWO GEARS ROTATES OPPOSITE DIRECTION, WHEN FLUID
ARRIVES IN BETWEEN TWO GEARS IT IS PRESSURISED
THESE PUMPS ARE USED TO PUMP HIGH VISCOUS FLUIDS
GENERALLY THESE PUMPS ARE USED FOR HIGH SUCTION HEAD

24. EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

25. INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

26. NPSH
NPSH - NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
NPSH = H(SUCTION) – H(VAPOUR)
IT IS A MAJOR TERM WHICH IS CONSIDER TO PLACE A PUMP IN
DESIRED POSITION AND TO MAKE A POSITIVE HEAD.
NPSH IS ‘+’ PUMP IS PLACED ABOVE THE TANK LEVEL
NPSH IS ‘-’ PUMP IS PLACED BELOW THE TANK LEVEL
NPSH IS ‘0’ PUMP IS PLACED ON THE TANK LEVEL

27. WHERE
Hs = Ps/ν+V^2/2g

28. WHERE
Hv = Pv/ν

29. WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN NPSH IS NOT CONSIDER…..???
1 .REDUCED EFFICIENCY
2. DAMAGE
3. CAVITATION

30. Comparison Between Rotary
and Centrifugal Pumps
Rotary Centrifugal
Max. Viscosity
(CST / SSU)
1,320,000 / 6,000,000 550 / 2,500
Max. Capacity
(M3/Hr / GPM)
750 / 3,300 27,250 / 120,000
Pumping Efficiency E A
Energy Costs E A
Self-Priming Yes No
Flow Control E P
Life-Cycle Cost G G
Initial Cost A E
E = Excellent, G = Good, A = Average, P = Poor

31. TIME FOR INTERACTION