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Crystallography pyrite garnet galena (3)
- 1. Crystallography Pyrite Garnet Galena Stephen Joseph Boylan 2022
- 3. Crystallography - An introduction to crystallography featuring pyrite, garnet and galena Stephen Joseph Boylan 2022
- 4. Outline Morphology Samples Geometry Abstract X-ray Diffraction Crystal Structure Database
- 6. Morphology Configuration of a crystal described by faces, edges, corners and habit.
- 13. Miller Indexes Miller indexes identify surfaces of a crystal For pyrite (100) (010) (001) (100)
- 24. Miller Indexes Miller indexes identify surfaces of a crystal For Garnet Almandine (110) (011) (101)
- 27. Galena Sample
- 33. Miller Indexes identify surfaces For Galena (100) (001) (111) (111)
- 37. Geometry Outline Space filling concept Right hand rule 7 Crystal systems lengths and angles 14 Bravais Lattices translation 32 points groups inversion, reflection and rotation 230 space groups combine lattices with point groups
- 38. Space Filling Concept Space is filled with a repeating pattern of points
- 39. Right hand rule .Right Hand Rule.
- 40. Right hand rule . Axis . a b c
- 41. Right hand rule . Angles . alpha gamma beta
- 42. 7 Crystal Systems Different lengths a, b, and c Different angles α alpha, β beta and γ gamma.
- 43. . Cubic a = b = c α = β = γ = 90
- 44. Tetragonal a = b ≠ c α = β = γ = 90
- 45. Orthorhombic a ≠ b ≠ c α = β = γ = 90
- 46. Monoclinic a ≠ b ≠ c α = γ = 90 β > 90
- 47. Triclinic a ≠ b ≠ c α ≠ β ≠ γ
- 48. Hexagonal a = b ≠ c α = β = 90 γ = 120
- 49. Trigonal a = b ≠ c α = β = 90 γ = 120
- 52. 7 Crystal Systems Cubic a = b = c α = β = γ = 90 Tetragonal a = b ≠ c α = β = γ = 90 Orthorhombic a ≠ b ≠ c α = β = γ = 90 Monoclinic a ≠ b ≠ c α = γ = 90 β > 90 Triclinic a ≠ b ≠ c α ≠ β ≠ γ Hexagonal a = b ≠ c α = β = 90 γ = 120 Trigonal a = b ≠ c α = β = 90 γ = 120
- 53. 14 Bravais Lattices Develope 14 Bravais lattices from the symmetry element of translation
- 54. Translation Point brought into coincidence with another point by moving in a straight line
- 58. Compare Lattices
- 59. Cubic Lattice 3 Dimensions
- 60. 14 Bravais Lattices fourteen Bravais lattices Determined from translation
- 62. Point Groups
- 63. 32 Point Groups Apply inversion, reflection and rotation to a single point to derive 32 point groups.
- 64. Inversion Symmetry Operation Symmetry Operation Inversion Relates pairs of points which are equidistant from and on opposite sides of a central point Central point is inversion center Symbol bar 1
- 66. Reflection Symmetry Operation Any point on one side of the mirror plane is matched by a point on the other side of the mirror place at the same distance from the point Symbol m or line
- 67. m Mirror plane
- 69. m Mirror plane
- 70. Rotation Symmetry Operation Rotation about an axis to bring points in coincidence
- 74. Rotoinversion Axis Compound symmetry element rotation and inversion Bar 3
- 75. Rotoinversion Axis bar 3
- 76. 32 Point Groups Applying inversion, reflection, and rotation generates 32 point groups
- 77. 32 Point Groups
- 78. Space Groups
- 79. 230 Space Groups Combine 14 Bravais lattices with the 32 point groups makes 230 space groups
- 83. Geometry Summary Space filling concept Right hand rule 7 Crystal systems lengths and angles 14 Bravais Lattices translation 32 points groups inversion, reflection and rotation 230 space groups combine lattices with point groups
- 84. Geometry symmetry is abstract
- 85. Sample morphology is real
- 86. X-ray diffraction connects morphology to geometry.
- 87. X-ray diffraction provides the crystal structure.
- 89. X-ray Diffraction Outline Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Diffraction Crystal structure
- 93. X-ray diffraction of crystals The size of an X-ray wave is about the size of the spacing between atoms in a crystal therefore the X-ray wave should be diffracted by the crystal. And. The positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined from the diffraction pattern of the X-ray wave. X-ray generated by electrons outside the nucleus Gamma ray generated from the nucleus
- 98. X-ray K lines
- 103. Diffraction Method Sending a beam of X-rays into a crystal generates pattern of X-ray coming out of the crystal
- 104. Diffraction Method The X-rays coming out of the crystal can identify the crystal structure.
- 105. Crystal Structure Lattice + Basis = Crystal Structure
- 106. X-ray Diffraction sodium chloride table salt NaCl halite
- 108. Lattice Basis
- 109. Crystal Structure
- 110. Crystal Structure
- 113. rruff.info
- 114. Pyrite
- 118. Pyrite Compound Formula: FeS2 Crystal Data: Cubic Point Group: 2/m bar 3 Cell Data: Space Group: Pa3 a = 5.4179(11) Z = 4
- 121. Lattice plus Basis equals Crystal Structure
- 124. Garnet Almandine
- 128. Garnet Almandine Compound Formula Fe²+₃ Al₂(SiO₄)₃ Crystal System Cubic Point Group 4/m bar 3 2/m Space Groups Ia3d
- 130. Garnet - Almandine Powder Diffraction
- 131. Lattice plus Basis equals Crystal Structure
- 135. Galena
- 139. Galena Compound Formula PbS Crystal System Cubic Point Group 4/m bar 3 2/m Space Groups Fm3m
- 142. Lattice Plus Basis Equals Crystal Structure
- 145. What have we accomplished Connected real world of crystal morphology with abstract world of geometry by X-ray diffraction.
- 147. Thought provoking question How does the arrangement of the atoms in the crystal lead to the crystal morphology?
- 148. Thought provoking question Why did pyrite with a specific lattice and basis, form only a crystal with a specific morphology or does it not?
- 149. Anomalies Real crystals deviate from the ideal models Real crystals have defects
- 150. References Borchardt-Ott, Walter, Crystallography second edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin 1995 https://archive.org/details/crystallography0000borc/mode/2up
- 151. The End
- 152. Thank you for taking the time to watch. Stephen Joseph Boylan 2022