3. TRAVEL & TOURISM
EVOLUTION
• 2000 years Before Christ, in India and Mesopotamia
Travel for trade was an important feature since the beginning of civilisation.
•
600 BC and thereafter
The earliest form of leisure tourism can be traced as far back as the Babylonian and Egyptian
empires.
In India, as elsewhere, kings travelled for empire building.
• 500 BC, the Greek civilisation
The Greek tourists travelled to sites of healing gods.
Inns were established in large towns and seaports to provide for travellers' needs.
This era also saw the birth of travel writing.
• In the Middle Ages
Travel became difficult and dangerous as people travelled for business or for a sense of obligation
and duty.
4. • Role of the industrial revolution in promoting travel in the west
The rapid urbanisation due to industrialisation led to mass immigration in cities.
These people were lured into travel to escape their environment to places of
natural beauty, often to the countryside they had come from change of routine
from a physically and psychologically stressful jobs to a leisurely pace in
countryside.
• The development of the spas
The spas grew in popularity in the seventeenth century in Britain and a little later
in the European Continent as awareness about the therapeutic qualities of mineral
water increased.
• The sun, sand and sea resorts
The sea water became associated with health benefits.
By the early eighteenth century, small fishing resorts sprung up in England
5. • Highlights of travel in the nineteenth century
Advent of railway initially catalysed business
travel and later leisure travel. Gradually
special trains were chartered to only take
leisure travel to their destinations.
Tourism in the Twentieth Century
The birth of air travel and after
6. PRODUCT
• Travel and Tourism one of the world's largest foreign exchange
earner among industries, provides employment directly to millions
of people worldwide and indirectly through many associated
service industries.
• A very wide industry, it includes:
Government tourism departments,
Immigration and customs services,
travel agencies,
airlines,
tour operators,
hotels
and many associated service industries such as airline catering or
laundry services, Guides, Interpreters, Tourism promotion and sales
etc.
7. TYPES OF TOURISM
Leisure travel
Winter tourism
Mass tourism
Ecotourism
Recession tourism
Medical tourism
Educational tourism
Creative tourism
Dark tourism
Sports tourism
Latest trends
8. PLACE
• Not only the location of the tourist attraction
or facility but the location of points of sale
that provides customers with access to tourist
products.
• Ex: I-site, Accommodation, Cafe
9. PRICE
• Used to achieve predetermined sales volume
and revenue objectives
• It gives a preceived value in the eyes of the
customer
10. PEOPLE
• Traveller
• Tourist
Meet their expectations
• Employees – Physical appearance, Knowledge, Grooming,
Trained
• The people who sell and service your product are an
extremely important part of tourism marketing. Friendly
personal service and trained employees can make or break a
tourism business.
• Because much of the tourism industry is based upon word of-
mouth advertising particularly about the service received-
what your customers say after they depart can thrust your
business forward or send it into a downward spiral.
11. PROCESS
• There are different types of processes involved in
running a tourism business
administration,
training,
planning and strategizing,
recruitment,
distribution,
purchasing and service delivery.
It is important to ensure that these processes are
planned and carried out properly so that operations
run smoothly and problems are rectified quickly
12. PROMOTION
• A range of activities can be used to convince
customers to buy the product, including
information kits, web sites, advertising,
personal selling, sales promotion, travel
shows, and public relations.
• Utilize tourist information centers, such as
welcome centers.
• Participation with your state, regional and
local tourism offices and associations.
13. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
• The physical evidence of a tourism product
refers to a range of more tangible attributes
of the operations. Tangibalising the product is
a good way of giving positive and attractive
hints or cues to potential customers
with regard to the quality of the product.
