The role of Education changed in India after Britisher's put step in India. They introduced their western education at the end of 18th century .

1. History of education
in
India during British period

2. Before the British rule:
Introduction:

3. Introduction of Western Education
East India Company Christian Missionaries

4. The end of the 18th Century –
- Some English had begun to feel that the
East India Company should accept the
responsibility for educating the Indians.
- The Activities of Christian Missionaries
compelled British to promote Western
Education in India.
-

5. The main English Missionaries
were –
Charles Grant William Wilberforce

6. Charles Grant
 Charles Grant is considered as
the father of modern education
in India
 He is known so because of his
efforts that the Charter Act of
1813 came into existence. This
acts promotes the modern
education in India as it
sanctions about one lakh
rupees for education.

7. Charles Grant Observations
Grant observed that the cause of India’s miserable
condition was ignorance. He felt that the situation could
only be improved if Indians were first educated.
. In the year 1792, Grant published his famous
pamphlet entitled “Observation on the State of
Society among the Asiatic subjects of Great
Britain”.
His suggestion of English education was adopted by
William Bentinck about forty years on the support of
Macaulay.

8. The Charter Act, 1813
 The Charter of the East India Company came up for renewal in
the British Parliament in 1813.
 The missionaries prepared the ground through agitation in
England for imparting western education in India and for
proselytizing activities therein.
 The officials of the Company, on the other hand, influenced the
Court of Directors through agitation for revival and improvement
of the literature of the learned natives of India. Ultimately made
a conclusion by introducing an education clause which is known
as Charter Act 1813.

9. The main educational issues:
1. Attitude towards the missionaries
2. The nature and extent of State responsibility in
education.
 With regard to the first the missionaries and their
supporters scored a clean victory. That means the
missionaries were allowed to enter India and continue
their educational and proselytizing activities completely
and freely.
 With regard to the second strong opposition came from
the Directors of the Company.

10. The grounds for such opposition were mainly three in
number:
a) In those days, education was not regarded as a responsibility of the
state even in England;
b) The Company was not prepared to accept it in India purely on
financial grounds;
c) The natives of India themselves were most apathetic in the matter.
But the opponents of the missionaries keenly intended “to create a
powerful and rival and secular agency in Indian education to
counteract the results of missionary enterprise”.

11. Clause 43 of the Charter Act
“It shall be lawful for the Governor-General-in-
Council to direct that ….. a sum not less than
one lakh of rupees in each year shall be set
apart and applied to the rival and improvement
and promotion of a knowledge of the sciences
among the inhabitants of the British territories
in India”.

12. The Clause bears three propositions:
1. The revival and improvement of literature.
2. The encouragement of the learned natives of India
3. The promotion of a knowledge of the sciences
among the inhabitants of that country.

13. Charter Act of 1813
 To accept its responsibility for the Education of
Indians.
 To incur an expenditure of Rupees One Lakh on this
count, and
 To admit Missionaries into its dominions for
Disseminating Western Education. This was the
beginning of the Modern System of Education in
India and the British Rule.

14. . It was only because of the prolonged efforts of Charles Grant,
Wilberforce and others that the Company through the Charter Act of
1813, was ultimately compelled –
a. to accept its responsibility for the Education of Indians.
b. To incur an expenditure of Rupees One Lakh on this count, and
c. To admit Missionaries into its dominions for Disseminating
Western Education. This was the beginning of the Modern System of
Education in India and the British Rule

15. Importance of the Charter Act, 1813
The Educational Implication of the Charter Act –
 The first implication is that the Company would undertake
educational responsibility and duty of the Indian people. With this
end in view the Company would incur an expenditure of 1(one)
lakh of rupees each year which was conspicuously absent prior to
1813.
 In order to implement the Clause 43 of the Act the Company would
create an agency of its own.
 A system of educational grants was initiated. Prior to 1813 the
Company used to provide occasional financial aids indirectly
through the missionaries, but now the Company directly entered
into the field of educational administration and management.
Education in India had a claim on public revenue.

16. The Controversy arose mainly for the following
reasons:
 Given stress on allotting the one lakh rupees only; no specific
regulation was granted for establishing the schools and colleges
in India.
 Aims: Regarding the aims of education during that time, groups
of people had different opinions.
 Organizing: In terms of agencies to be employed.
Medium of Instruction there were also three opinions.
Methods of Education.

17. Failure of Charter Act of 1813
 It failed to state the language for medium of instruction for
educational institutes.
 It was also ambiguous about the means of expanding English
education in India.
 It was not stated that education should be given to all or a selected
few.

18. Provisions of the Charter Act of 1813
 This Act asserted the Crown’s sovereignty over British
possessions in India
 The Company was also to take up a greater role in the
education of the Indians under them. It was to set aside Rs.
1 lakh for this purpose.
 The Act was to grant permission to the missionaries to come
to India and engage in religious proselytization.
 The Act provided for a financial grant towards the revival of
the Indian literature and the promotion of science.

19. Conclusion:
The Charter Act brought to an end the era of agitation
started by Charles Grant, Wilberforce and others. “It
allowed the missionaries to land in India in large numbers
and establish modern English Schools and thereby laid the
foundation of the well-organised modern educational
system”.

20. Bibliography:
1. Tara Chand, Development of Education System in India,
“Charles Grant”.
2. Anthony Webster, The political economy of trade
liberalization: The East India Company Charter Act of 1813,
Pages 404 – 418.
3. Prof. Ramesh Ghanta, B.N. Dash, Foundation of Education,
New Delhi
4. Shakeel Anwar, Development of Education during British
Period in India, 2019.