history class 8

1. EDUCATION
UNDER
BRITISH RULE

2. What do you
wonder about
today’s topic?

3. S.No. Topics
01. BACKGROUND TO THE PROGRESS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
02. BEGINNING OF MODERN EDUCATION
03. ANGLICISTS VS ORIENTALISTS
04. LORD MACAULAY’S MINUTES
05. OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF 1844
06. WOOD’S DISPATCH OF 1854
07. DRAWBACKS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
08. INDIAN LEADER’S CONTRIBUTION TO SPREAD OF EDUCATION

4. PRIYA GARODIA
1. BACKGROUND TO THE
PROGRESS OF ENGLISH
EDUCATION
1. BEGINNING OF MODERN
EDUCATION
1. ANGLICISTS VS ORIENTALISTS
1. LORD MACAULAY’S MINUTES
PARISHA MURGAI
5. OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
OF 1844
6. WOOD’S DISPATCH OF 1854
DRAWBACKS OF ENGLISH
EDUCATION
7. INDIAN LEADER’S
8. CONTRIBUTION TO SPREAD OF
EDUCATION

5. GLOSSARY
1. Consolidation = The action or process of making something
stronger.
1. Civilise = To make people or a society develop from a low social and
cultural level to a more advanced one
1. Linguist =a person who studies languages/a person who knows several
foreign languages
1. Orientalist = scholarship, learning, or study in Asian subjects or languages
Knowledge
1. Asset = a person or thing that is useful to somebody/something / something of
value that a person, company, etc. owns
1. Controversy = public discussion and disagreement about something

6. 6. Reconcile = Restore relationship
7. Admirers = A person who praises somebody
8. Glorify = To make someone or something
appear better
9. Elphinstone = Scottish surname.
10. Anglicists = an expert in or student of English
literature or language
11. Minute = Note

7. 12. Outspoken = saying exactly what you think or feel although you may shock or upset other
people
13. Critic = a person who says what is bad or wrong with somebody/something

8. ★ Priorities of British East India company were :-
● Conquest
● Expansion
● Consolidation
So they did not interfere with the educational system of india
After territorial conquest and establishing control over the revenues
The britishers felt that they had a cultural mission also , to civilise
the natives and change their custom , tradition and values

9. THERE WERE MANY ENGLISH MEN WHO WERE INTERESTED IN THE
FOLLOWING :-
● Discovering ancient , indian heritage .
● Mastering Indian languages
● Translating persian works to english
William Jones
● Expert in law
● Was a linguist
British officials living in calcutta had a great respect for Ancient Indian
Culture :-
1. Henry Thomas Colebrooke
2. Nathaniel Halhed

10. ● Together with Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed ,
William Jones set up an Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784
● He also started a journal called Asiatic Researcher
Asiatic Society of Bengal, scholarly
society founded on Jan. 15, 1784, by Sir
William Jones, a British lawyer and
Orientalist, to encourage Oriental
studies. At its founding, Jones delivered
the first of a famous series of discourses.
Asiatic Society of Bengal headquarters,
Kolkata, India.

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12. BACKGROUND TO THE PROGRESS OF
ENGLISH EDUCATION

13. ★ Earlier the educational system of India was traditional . there were
pathshalas, Madrasas and Maktabs , where most religious education
was given.
★ There were no effort to upgrade the education and make it modern .
★ There was no awareness of education taking place in other parts of
world.
★ Certain groups of society wanted to make a change and they needed a
fundamentally different kind of education .

14. The reasons behind the want of certain groups to have fundamental changes in education
was :-
1. The Christian Missionary - the Christian Missionary is believed that modern education
would change the fate of Indians in their own religion and they would turn
Christianity
1. Indian social reformers - Indian social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy Firmly
believed the eradication of social evils like Sati child marriage etc would only be possible by
means of modern education
1. The commercial mercantile class - the commercial and mercantile class expected to
expand the market for British goods through modern educated Indians
1. The British government - British government realise the need for introducing modern
English education

15. Why the British
government felt the need
for introducing modern
English education ?

16. The realization three reasons behind it that were :-
1. Educated and qualified Indians would be in asset for civil and
judicial administration .
1. Employing a dedicated instance would bring down the coast of
Administration and insured loyalty of Indians to British Raj .
1. Modern education would reconcile the people of India to the
british rule and people would become the admirers of British
conquers and their administration would glorify .

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18. BEGINNING OF MODERN EDUCATION

19. They were two important developments in the field of education -
1. The Charter act of 1813 incorporated the principle of encouraging learned
Indians and promoting modern science in India this act also provided for an
annual sum of rupees 1 lakh to be sent it on spread of education thus beginning
was made in the field of education also a humble one
1. Elphinstone in his minutes of 18 23 recommended this establishment of schools
for teaching English and European science he proposed a school to be
established at Bombay where English could be taught and subjects like history ,
geography and Science could also be taught through English medium . In 1833
he set up a similar School at Poona in 1834 started the Elphinstone college at
Bombay

20. By this time demand for the study of English
had increased tremendously and English books
were also being sold in good numbers the
Christian missionaries in order to convert
people to their favourite also started many
educational institutions

21. Anglicist / orientalist
● The money allocated by the character charter act of 1813 remained unused 1823
● In the the meantime controversy regarding the medium of instruction arose the
controversy centred around the view whether medium of instruction should be
English , Arabic or Sanskrit
● The anglicists insisted that all instruction should be given through English medium
● Orientalist insisted on teaching through Oriental languages
● To settle the controversy the government appointed A committee, the issue was
settled by minute prepared by Lord Macaulay

22. LORD MACAULAY’S MINUTES
● Thomas babington Macaulay was the law member of governor
general William Bentinck executive Council
● William Bentinck believe that teaching English was an effective way
of civilizing people changing their taste value and culture he made
out a strong case for promotion of European literature and Science
among Indians
● Indian social reformers like a Raja Ram Mohan Roy also supported
his view point fully

23. ● Lord Macaulay intended to create a class which would
be Indian in blood but English in taste opinions moral
and intellect one by one the number of Government
schools began to grow
● Lord William Bentinck approved Macaulay minutes accordingly and
Act was passed in March 1835 this made English the medium of
instruction in schools and colleges it was also decided that all funds to
be spent on education would be spent on English education

24. OFFICIAL
ANNOUNCEMENT
OF 1844

25. ● Another important step in this direction was an
Official Announcement of 1844.
● It made a provision that in public employment
preference will be given only to those who were
educated in Western Science and were familiar with
English Language.
OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF 1844

26. WOOD’S
DESPATCH
OF 1854

27. WOOD’S DESPATCH OF 1854
● Sir Charles Wood’s Despatch to the court of Directors of the
company was an important milestone in the history of
education.
● He put some fresh proposals before the court of Directors of
the Company.
● He condemned to develop a network of educational
institutions in the country.
● According to it, at least one school was to be opened in every
district.
● He also proposed to establish universities in India.

28. In accordance with Sir Charles Wood’s Despatch:
1. Educational departments were set up in every
Province in order to exercise control over all matters
regarding education.
1. Universities were set up in the Presidency towns of
Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1857 on the model
of the London University.
1. Attempts were also made to bring about changes in
the system of school education.

29. Following were the ill effects of English education on the educational
system of India:-
1. Lack of funds.
Mass education and education at primary level suffered the most.
As a result 4 out of 5 indian villages were without primary schools and
3 out 4 children had no facility of education.
1. Common people could not benefit from the spread of education.
1. Education of girls was totally neglected.

30. 4. Scientific and technical education.
Only three medical colleges were set up and there too admission was
restricted for the europeans.
5. Benefits of education remained confined only to the middle and the
upper classes.
The main purpose of the promoters of english education was to make
the habits and thinking style of the indians as of english.

31. Just not the British officials but also the enlightened Indians
were also planning to educate the Indians irrespective of that
whether they belonged to the ruling class ,social reformers, or
whether they are intellectuals.
Thinkers from different parts of the country urged
Government to open more schools ,colleges and universities.
Raja Rammohan Roy, Rabindranath Tagore, Lala
Lajpat Rai and Mahatma Gandhi- played an important
role in the spread of education.

32. The leaders of the freedom movement formed a National Council of
Education to protest against the government for the control over
education in the early years of twentieth century.
They set up national schools and national colleges.
Later they established:-
Vidyapeeths at Banaras and Ahemdabad.
Jamia Millia Islamia School at Alligarh.

33. RABINDRANATH TAGORE
1. As a child, he hated going to school.
2. On growing up, he wanted to establish a school where
children could be happy, free and creative and were able
to explore their own thoughts and desires.
3. Accordingly he established Shantiniketan.
4. It was really an abode of peace where children could live
in harmony with the nature and could develop their
natural creativity.

35. MAHATMA GANDHI
1. He was against colonial education.
2. He thought that it destroyed Indian’s pride in their own
culture as it made them see western civilisation superior.
3. He wanted such an education that could help Indians
recover their sense of dignity and self-respect.
4. Regarding the medium of teaching,Mahatma Gandhi
strongly believed that education in English had
crippled Indians.

36. 5. The English educated Indians would despise local culture would
not be able to understand how to relate to the masses.
6. He strongly felt that Indian languages should be the medium
of education.
7. The purpose of Mahatma Gandhi, was to develop a person’s
mind and soul.
8. He believed that people should work with their hands, learn a
craft, and know how different equipments are operated which would
develop their mind and capacity to understand.
9. He established schools under his new teaching scheme, which was
known as Nai Taleem.

37. As the nationalist sentiments spread, other thinkers and leaders also
started thinking about a system of national education which would
be radically different from that established by the British.
They understood that an illiterate and ignorant nation could never
make any progress.
As a result they demanded free and compulsory
education for the children in the age group
of 6 to 10. One such leader was
Gopal Krishna Gokhale

38. As a result to swadeshi movement started against the partition of
Bengal, British school and colleges were boycotted.
British schools were also boycotted during the Non-Cooperation
Movement under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership. As a result number
of swadeshi schools and vidyapeeths were established.
After the independence in 1947, only 24 per cent of males and 7
per cent of females were literate.

39. CONCLUSION
The British had imposed their language on the Indians for the sake of their own
benefit but this proved a blessing in disguise for the Indians.
It is through education that they could study their past and establish their future.
It is through english education that they could study the works and views of
Rousseau, Voltaire, J.S. Mill and other philosphers and thinkers.
It was due to western education that Indians could communicate with others and
also helped them plan a common programme against the British.

40. EDUCATION UNDER BRITISH RULE | History - Quizizz