For Air Force School, Jaipur

1. Zika
Viruse

2. Content
• Introduction
• History of zika
• Symptoms
• Treatment
• Prevention

3. Introduction
Zika virus is a member of the virus
family Flaviviridae.It is spread by
daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such
as A. aegypti and A. albopictus.Its name
comes from the Ziika Forest of Uganda,
where the virus was first isolated in
1947.
Zika virus shares a genus with the
dengue, yellow fever, Japanese
encephalitis, and West Nile viruses.[6]
Since the 1950s, it has been known to
occur within a narrow equatorial belt
from Africa to Asia. From 2007 to 2016,
the virus spread eastward, across the
Pacific Ocean to the Americas, leading to
the 2015–2016 Zika virus epidemic.
The infection, known as Zika fever or
Zika virus disease, often causes no or
only mild symptoms, similar to a very
mild form of dengue fever.

5. • Other governments or health
agencies also issued similar
travel warnings, while
Colombia, the Dominican
Republic, Puerto Rico,
Ecuador, El Salvador, and
Jamaica advised women to
postpone getting pregnant
until more is known about
the risks.
• Agencies also issued similar
travel warnings, while
Colombia, the Dominican
Republic, Puerto Rico,
Ecuador, El Salvador, and
Jamaica advised women to
postpone getting pregnant
until more is known about
the risks.

6. History of zika
• The rise in the spread of Zika
virus has been accompanied
by a rise in cases of
microcephaly and Guillain-
Barré syndrome. First
identified in Uganda in 1947
in monkeys, Zika was later
identified in humans in 1952.
• The first large outbreak of
disease caused by Zika
infection was reported from
the Island of Yap in 2007.
There are currently several
countries experiencing Zika
virus outbreaks.

7. History of zika
• 1947: Scientists conducting routine
surveillance for yellow fever in the Zika
forest of Uganda isolate the Zika virus
in samples taken from a captive,
sentinel rhesus monkey.
• 1948: The virus is recovered from the
mosquito Aedes africanus, caught on a
tree platform in the Zika forest.
• 1952: The first human cases are
detected in Uganda and the United
Republic of Tanzania in a study
demonstrating the presence of
neutralizing antibodies to Zika virus in
sera
• 1969–1983: The known geographical
distribution of Zika expands to
equatorial Asia, including India,
Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan,
where the virus is detected in
mosquitos. As in Africa, sporadic
human cases occur but no outbreaks
are detected and the disease in humans
continues to be regarded as rare, with
mild symptoms.

8. History of zika
• 2007: Zika spreads from Africa and
Asia to cause the first large
outbreak in humans on the Pacific
island of Yap, in the Federated
States of Micronesia. Prior to this
event, no outbreaks and only 14
cases of human Zika virus disease
had been documented worldwide.
• 2013–2014: The virus causes
outbreaks in four other groups of
Pacific islands: French Polynesia,
Easter Island, the Cook Islands, and
New Caledonia.26,27 The outbreak
in French Polynesia, generating
thousands of suspected infections,
is intensively investigated. The
results of retrospective
investigations are reported to WHO
on 24 November 2015 and 27
January 2016.

9. Symptoms
Many people infected with Zika
virus won’t have symptoms or
will only have mild symptoms.
The most common symptoms of
Zika are
• Fever
• Rash
• Headache
• Joint pain
• Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
• Muscle painSymptoms

10. • Many people infected with
Zika virus are asymptomatic.
Characteristic clinical findings
are acute onset of fever with
maculopapular rash,
arthralgia, or conjunctivitis.

11. Treatment
• There is no specific
treatment available for Zika
virus infection or disease.
• People with symptoms such
as rash, fever or joint pain
should get plenty of rest,
drink fluids, and treat
symptoms with antipyretics
and/or analgesics.
Nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs should
be avoided until dengue
virus infections are ruled out
because of bleeding risk.

12. Treatment
• If symptoms worsen,
patients should seek medical
care and advice.
• Pregnant women living in
areas with Zika transmission
or who develop symptoms of
Zika virus infection should
seek medical attention for
laboratory testing,
information, counselling and
other clinical care.

13. Prevention
Methods
The best protection from Zika virus
is preventing mosquito bites
indoors and outdoors,
especially from sunrise to
sunset when mosquitos are
most active.
Such measures include:
• Everyone including pregnant
and breastfeeding women,
should take steps to prevent
mosquito bites.
• When used as directed, EPA-
registered insect repellents are
proven safe and effective, even
for pregnant and breastfeeding
women.

14. • Use mosquito repellent in
accordance with the instructions
indicated on the product label.
• Wearing long-sleeved shirts and
long trousers

15. • Sleeping or resting in
screened or air-conditioned
rooms
• Using mosquito nets