this presentation gives a brief detail about classification of one of the important class of domain bacteria that includes some of the important species like clotridium botulinum.

1. Shahzeb khan

2.  Highly polyphyletic.
 Belongs to phylum Firmicutes.
 Rods living in soil and sediments.
 Obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic.
 Substrate level phosphorylation.
 Contain four orders.
 Often but not always Gram +ive.
 Form endospores.
 Includes C.tetani (tetanus) and C. perfringens
(gas gangrene).

3.  DOMAIN: Bacteria
 PHYLUM: Firmicutes
 CLASS: Clostridia
 ORDERS:
1. Clostridiales
2. Thermoanaerobacteriales
3. Halanaerobiales
4. Natranaerobiales
 Our main focus will be order Clostridiales and
Thermoanaerobacteriales.

4.  ORDER: Clostridiales
o Belongs to class clostridia.
o Have 13 families.
o Obligate anaerobes.
o Low g+c content.
o Gram positive.
o Our focus will be Family
Clostridiaceae.

5.  FAMILY: Clostridiaceae
o Family of class Clostridia.
o Gram positive.
o Obligate anaerobe.
o Contain 35 Generas.
o Genus Clostridium belong
to this family.
o Our focus will be genus
clostridium.

6.  GENUS: Clostridium
o Gram-positive bacteria.
o Obligate anaerobes
o Produce endospores.
o Vegetative forms are rod-shaped.
o Clostridium species inhabit soil and
intestinal tract of animals and humans.
o Includes significant human pathogens
such as C.Botulinum (botulism),
C.tetani (tetanus) etc.

7.  SPECIE: C.Botulinum
o Gram-positive rod-shaped.
o Motile.
o Anaerobic.
o Heat-resistant endospores.
o Commonly found in soil.
o Produce the neurotoxin botulinum.
o Responsible for:
o foodborne botulism (ingestion of preformed toxin).
o infant botulism(intestinal infection with toxin-forming C.
botulinum).
o wound botulism (infection of a wound with C. botulinum).

8.  ORDER: Thermoanaerobacteriales
o Have 2 families:
1. The thermoanaerobacteraceae.
2. The thermodesulfobiaceae.
 FAMILY: thermoanaerobacteraceae
o Highly polyphyletic family of bacteria.
o Belongs to order Thermoanaerobacteriales.
o Contain 10 generas.
o Our Focus Will Be Genus Ammonifex and
Desulfovirgula.

9.  GENUS: Ammonifex
o Gram-negative.
o extremely thermophilic.
o strictly anaerobic.
o motile genus.
o A. degensii
A. thiophilus
 SPECIE:Ammonifex thiophilus
o extremely thermophilic.
o Anaerobic.
o facultatively chemolithoautotrophic.
o isolated from a hot spring in Uzon Caldera in Russia.

10.  GENUS: Desulfovirgula
o sulfate reducing.
o Aerobic.
o endospore-forming.
o Gram-positive.
o Thermophilic.
o Motile.
o rod-shaped bacteria.
o isolated from a geothermally
active underground mine.
o Electron acceptors that this organism can utilize
include sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur,
while H2 (in the presence of CO2) and carboxylic acids can
be utilized as electron donors.
o only one specie in this genus Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi

11.  FAMILY: thermodesulfobiaceae
o Belongs to order Thermoanaerobacterales and
class Clostridia.
o This family consists of two
generas.
o Coprothermobacter
o Thermodesulfobium

12.  GENUS: Coprothermobacter
o rod-shaped microorganisms.
o Belong to family Coprothermobacteraceae.
o of the new phylum Coprothermobacterota.
o Thermophile (able to grow at 75°C)
o very few known bacterial species are included in
this genus.
o Species:
o Coprothermobacter platensis.
o Coprothermobacter proteolyticus.

13.  SPECIE: Coprothermobacter proteolyticus
o The bacteria are rod-shaped.
o Gram-negative.
o Growth temperature 35 to 75 °C.
o Growth pH 5.5 to 8.5.
o Optimum growth conditions
are 63 °C at pH 7.5.