Soyaban production

1. Soybean - ස ෝයා ස ෝෝංචි
Scientific Name : Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Family: leguminoseae

2. Importance
• Chief source of protein ( 39.1%)
• Contain Lysine and Tryptophan amino acids
• Consider as a oil crop ( 15-20%)
• Ability tp produce many food items for human
consumption
TVP, soy curd, soy ice cream,
soy source, soy milk and soy oil
Tofu,

3. Word soyabean producers -2011
Country Production,
million t.
USA 83.2
Brazil 72
Argentina 48
China 13.5
India 11
Paraguay 6.4
Canada 4.2
Other 13.1
Total 251.5
81%

4. Country Production,
million t.
Argentina 29.6
Brazil 14.7
USA 8.0
India 4.3
Paraguay 1.1
Other 2.6
Total 60.3
Export of soybean cake from India to Sri Lanka – 0.15 m tons
World Soyabean production (million tons)

5. Anual soya requirement
Requirment Quantity (
mt)
Seeds
Thriposha 7,521 9,304 16825
166
6
1611
Soya oil 166
Soya sauce 6
Others 1,611
Animal feed 168,188 210,235 22823
Total requirement 177492 219,539 397031
Source: Sri Lanka Customs & APHD

6. 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000 1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
2011
Production(t) Extent (ha)
Soybean extent & production 1961-2011

7. Soyabean Cultivated extent, production & yield
Year Extent (ha) Production ( mt) Yield (t/ha)
2000 694 648 0.93
2001 647 622 0.96
2002 1257 1156 0.95
2003 2548 2957 1.16
2004 1294 1890 1.46
2005 3080 4990 1.62
2006 3062 5177 1.69
2007 2857 4799 1.68
2008 1254 3032 2.42
2009 1654 3788 2.29
2010 4500 7521 1.67
2011 2451 3847 1.57

8. Importance of soyabean
• Can be cultivated under rainfed conditions
• Low cost of cultivation
• High return to investment
• Less water requirement
• Ability to fix nitrogen

9. Cost of production and profitability
Maha 2009/10
Paddy Soya chilli greengra maize Red
Cost of
producti
n
15.27 40.38 64.05 79.60 21.20 38.47
Net
(Rs./ha)
111,896 158,317 312,229 141,293 61,728 256,834
(Agstat, 2011)

10. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
yala maha
Soybean
Rice
Water
requirement
(mm)
Water requirement

11. Soya bean cultivation
Practices

12. Climatic requirement
• Dry weather & too much of rains leads to poor
germination
• Need dry weather condition during harvesting
time.
• High temperature reduce the oil content in seeds
• Can be grown up to 1550m ( 5000 ‘) MSL
• Can be grown in many soil types
• Dry & Intermediate zones are best place to
cultivate
• Can be cultivate year round

13. Pb 01
PM 13
Variety Age ( days) Yield ( kg/ha)
Pb 01 80-85 1700-2000
PM 13 90 -95 1700-2100
PM 25 95-100 1700-2300
MISB 01 90-95 2500-3000
MISB 01
Soyabean varieties

14. Seed requirement : 50-65 kg/ha ( depend on
seed size)
Time of planting:
Maha season : mid October –mid
November
Yala season: mid April –mid May
Seed inoculation (with Rhizobium japonicum)
1. mix the 250 g of inoculant with 50 kg/wet
seeds spread on the ground
2.Prepare a 250 g of inoculant slurry & mix with
50 kg of seeds
Inoculated seed should be planted immediately

16. Planting spacing
Spacing: 40 x 5 cm
Planting depth: 3 cm
( wider spacing can be adopted when soil is
highly fertile

17. Fertilizer application (kg/ha)
Time of
application
Urea MOP TSP
Basal 50 75 150
Top dressing
( at flowering)
50 - -

18. Weed Control
1. 2-3 Weeks after planting(WAP)
2. 4-5 WAP
1. Manual weeding
2. Mechanical weeding
3. chemical ( pre emergence weedicide)weeding

19. Water management
• Yala season planted crop need to irrigated
• Total water requirement – 70 hectare cm
• Irrigate the field before planting & allow to
drained & plant the seed for better germination
• Irrigation intervals
1st month once in 4 days
Until harvest once in 7 days
Sensitive stages to soil moisture stress
Germination
Flowering
Pod filling

20. Pest & Diseases
Insect pest
Bean fly – small insect, Damage to stems
Pod borer – Damage to pods
Mites - Damage to leaves by sucking plant sap

21. Mites
Red, oval shape tiny animals.
Can be seen as a web in the down side of leaves
Damaged levees turn to yellow
Chemical control: Abamectin 1.8 EC

22. Pod borer
Larva damaged to pods and flowers
Control: Thiodicarb 375 SC
Novaleurone 10 EC

23. Bean fly
Small black fly.
Damaged in seedling stage.
Lay eggs on leaves. Leaves turn to yellow & die
Stem at the ground level become hardy & swollen
Control: Dizinon 50 EC, Carbosulfan 20 SC

24. Diseases
Bud necrosis
Bactrial leaf blight
Yellow mosaic virus disease
Purple seed disease

25. Harvesting & Processing
Harvesting indices
– Leaves turn yellow & sheds
– Pods colour turn to straw colour
Harvesting method
– Cutting using sickles
Threshing
– Sun dry for 2-3 days
– Thresh using thresher/ tractor
– Manualy ( Beating with sticks)
Storage
Store the seed after sun drying at 10-12 % moisture