Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 25, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONOUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 Background of the National
Soybean Program
 Industry Situation
 Production and Postharvest
Technologies
 Practices of Soybean Farmers
 PHilMech Developed
Soybean Postharvest and
Processing Systems

3. In 1980’s, the Department of Agriculture
implemented the National Soybean
Development Program but successful
implementation was hindered by:
a) lack of appropriate postharvest facilities
for threshing and cleaning/ sorting;
b) lack of good quality seeds (i.e irregular
bean size, high moisture content, high
impurities)
c) absence of ready market; and
d) lack of sustained credit.
Rationale

4. Rationale
 In 2010, the Department of
Agriculture through the High Value
Crops Development Program
crafted the soybean development
program.
 Bureau of Agricultural Research
serves as the coordinating body
and funding agency

5. Department of Agriculture
(High Value Crops Development
Program)
Bureau of Agricultural
Research
Research Stations
BSWMPHilMech
Institute of Plant
Breeding
State Universities
CLSU , NVSU
TCA , QSU
Bureau of Plant
Industry

6. • Philippine Center for Postharvest
Development and Mechanization
(PHilMech) identified and/or develop :
• Soybean postharvest and processing
systems that can be adopted by the
farmers, traders, processors and rural
housewife who are interested to process
soymilk and other soybean based
products
Rationale

7. Production of Soybean
World production of soybeans ( million MT ), 2017-2018

8. Philippine Scenario
Supply of Soybean for Food
Local
Production
1 %Importation
99 %

9. Top soybean producing areas
(Average area 2011-2016)
674
310
345
158
1064
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Region II
Region IX
Region X
Region XI
Region XIII
Area Planted (Ha)
Source: Consolidated Report of Bureau of Agricultural Research

10. Total area planted
to soybean in 2016 by region
Region Area
planted (ha)
Cagayan Valley 1500
Zamboanga Peninsula 400
Northern Mindanao 350
Davao Region 100
CARAGA 1000
Region Area
planted (ha)
CAR 10
Ilocos Region 13
Central Luzon 15
CALABARZON 10
MIMAROPA 10
Bicol Region 25
Western Visayas 15
Central Visayas 10
Total area planted- 3,470 ha
4,164 MT

11. • The soybean in the U.S. also called
the soya bean in Europe (Glycine max)
• Scientific name: Glycine max
• Maturity period – 90-110 days
• Yield - 1.2 – 1.4 tons/ha
SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

12. • Soybean is considered the “WONDER CROP” of the
20th century being the cheapest source protein,
vitamin E & dietary fiber;
 Richest plant source of protein. It is the highest
quality among all legumes
 It contains 43 percent protein as compared to
other legumes which contain 20 to 25 percent
protein.

13. Soybean Production
• The most suitable climate is characterized
by less rainfall during the wet season, and
only a short dry season (type 3 climate).
Region with this type of climate are parts
of Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya and
part of Northern Mindanao.
• In Nueva Ecija especially for rice based
areas, the recommended planting month
is from October to December.

14. Soybean Production
• Soybean can be grown in any part of
the country, except in areas with heavy
rainfall because of disease and
harvesting problems prevail in these
areas.
• Soybean thrives well in places with
warm temperature (20-30 °C) and well
distributed rain fall (500-800 mm)
during its vegetative and reproductive
growth.
Source: Prof. Charlie Juico lecture
CLSU

15. Recommended
Variety/Line
Days to Harvest
Yield per
Hectare (ton)
Wet Season Dry Season
CLSOY 1 100 90 1.5 – 2.5
BPI SY 2 105 100 1.5 – 2.5
PSB SY 6 104 86 1.0 – 4.0
MANCHURIA 90 80 1.5 - 2.0
PSB SY 2 104 86 1.0 – 4.0
NSIC SY 8 97 91 1.7 – 2.6
BLACK SOYBEAN 95 90 1.5 – 2.0
Soybean Production

16. Maturity period – 90-110 days
Soybean Production

17. Area Months of planting
Region III November – December
Isabela Off season - May to June
Regular season – November to December
Nueva Vizcaya
CARAGA February – May
Negros Occidental July
Planting Season

18. • Majority are beyond mid-life stage
(47 yr)
• ≥15 yr in soybean farming
• Majority are members of farmers
org. (57%); without training on
soybean (79%)
• Most of them are owners of the
land where they plant soybean
(71%)
• Mean soybean area = 1.8
ha/farmer
Who are the Soybean Farmers?

19. Who are the Soybean Farmers?
• Farmers plant in
rainfed areas
intercropped with or
alternately with corn or
rice or in between/
under coconut trees
Soybean farmers (respondents from Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur &
Davao del Norte)

20. Who are the Soybean Farmers?
Resource of Soybean farmers (Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur &
Davao del Norte)
• Farmers have
carabao with
implements like
plow, harrow &
weeder (58%)

21. Who are the Soybean Farmers?
Resource of Soybean farmers (Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur &
Davao del Norte)
• Almost all of the
farmers rent threshers
(83%); charge:
PHP150/bag output (55
-60 kg); sharing 2 bags
for every 25 bags

22. CUTTING
POSTHARVEST SYSTEMS
PILING
THRESHING
DRYING
SORTING/GRADING
STORING

23. 2. Postproduction Practice
Harvesting
•Stem cutting using a bolo
(Mindanao) or scyte (Luzon);
20- 28% MC; 80-90 DAP

24. 2. Postproduction Practice
Harvesting
Piling

25. 2. Postproduction Practice
Harvesting
Piling
Threshing
•Manual by trampling or beating
•Mechanical - multi-crop grain thresher

26. 2. Postproduction Practice
Harvesting
Threshing
Piling
•Sundrying using underlay
Drying

27. 2. Postproduction Practice
Harvesting
Piling
Threshing
On-Farm
Storage
Drying
Marketing

28. Machines Needed % Response
Thresher 33
Dryer 33
Storage facility 10
Sorter 5
Processing facility 5
Tractor for land prep. 5
* Multiple responses
Mechanization Needs of the Soybean Farmers

29. Cutting
•Stem cutting using a bolo (Mindanao)
or scyte (Luzon); 20- 28% MC; 90-100
DAP
• Reaper

30. Cutting
Piling

31. Double Drum Dealer –
15-20 cavans/hour
P240,000
Mindanao -
variety- paypay
Threshing
Single Drum
Thresher, 6-8 bags/hr
P150,000
Manual threshing Pedal type
thresher-
P3,500
Beating with sticks
Trampling

32. Drying
Moisture meter
SHEGA MM
All-weather dryer -polyethylene
cover with 4-6 mil thickness

33. Cleaning/sorting
and grading operations
Manual cleaning/sorting and
grading
Manual – 20 -70 kgs/person/day, P0.70 per kg
Sorting/Grading
Capacity (kg/hr):
400 to 750

34. Calibration of moisture meter
SHEGA Grain Moisture
Meter: Dimension: 80
mm x 160 mm x 117
mm; weight 480 g;
operated with 4 pc AA
battery; corn and palay
settings with calibration
curve for soybean;
range of 9-36% MC w.b.
with calibration curve
for soybean
SHEGA
%MC
Oven Method
% MC
SHEGA MC
Oven Method
% MC
11.2 = 8.1 15.6 = 11.8
11.4 = 8.2 15.8 = 12.1
11.6 = 8.2 16.0 = 12.5
11.8 = 8.3 16.2 = 12.8
12.0 = 8.4 16.4 = 13.1
12.2 = 8.5 16.6 = 13.5
12.4 = 8.6 16.8 = 13.9
12.6 = 8.7 17.0 = 14.2
12.8 = 8.8 17.2 = 14.6
13.0 = 9.0 17.4 = 15.0
13.2 = 9.1 17.6 = 15.4
13.4 = 9.3 17.8 = 16.3
13.6 = 9.4 18.0 = 17.6
13.8 = 9.6 18.2 = 19.0
14.0 = 9.8 18.4 = 20.3
14.2 = 10.0 18.6 = 21.6
14.4 = 10.3 18.8 = 23.0
14.6 = 10.5 19.0 = 24.3
14.8 = 10.7 19.2 = 25.7
15.0 = 11.0 19.4 = 27.0
15.2 = 11.3 19.6 = 28.3
15.4 = 11.6 19.8 = 29.7
Calibration table for determining
soybean moisture content using SHEGA
III moisture meter adjusted to “corn”
crop setting

35. THRESHING
Single Drum Thresher, 6-8 bags/hr
Double Drum Dealer – 15-20
cavans/hour
Postharvest System for Dry Clean
Soybeans
DRYING
CLEANING/
SORTING

36. Major stakeholders
1. Farmers = planting until harvest;
some extend PH operations until
drying; some don’t
2. Dicer = “agent” or “tipster”;
monitors harvesting, negotiates
price, inform trader of volume to
be procured
3. Trader or “viajero” = procures
from the dicer; sells to another
trader or wholesaler

37. Major stakeholders
4. Wholesaler = procures soybean from
“viajeros”; sells to local buyers
(traders, retailers, food processors);
ships remaining stocks to Manila/
Cebu
5. Retailers
6. Processors

38. Commodity Flow
MANILA
CEBU
DAVAO

39. Soybeans Available in the
Market
Source Price
(PHP/kg)
Characteristics
Canada 39-40 Bigger grains, uniform
sizes, dry
Philippines 35-36 Irregular bean sizes, high
moisture, with
impurities (green beans/
foreign materials)
United
States
33-34 Rated relatively the
poorest among the
soybeans available in
the market

40. Problems
Farmers Traders/ Retailers Processors
• Insect pest
occurrence
• Low/
fluctuating
prices
• Flooding
• Irregular bean
sizes with
shrivelled grains
• High MC
• With foreign
materials
(broken stems,
empty pods, soil
clods, stones)
• Old and infested
• Mixing of
Canadian with
locally-produced
soybeans
• Irregular bean
sizes with
impurities
• Mixing black
soybeans with
black beans
• High MC

41. Market Preference
1. Dry
2. Uniform bean sizes, free from discolored/
shrivelled grains
3. Absence of foreign materials (broken
stems, empty pods, soil clods, stones)
4. Free from insects
5. Freshly harvested/ not old stock
6. Non-GMO and/or organically produce
(SDA; Japanese/Korean restaurants)

42. Value adding activities

43. Soya Chips
Product of Camarines Norte, Bicol Region

44. MGSK Nueva Vizcaya
Soy Sauce Soybean Bagoong

45. Soybean Noodles

46. Soya Powder

47. Quirino State University

48. Soya Butterscotch
Quirino State University

49. GBGPC, Cabanatuan City
Premium Soya Miki Soy Flour

50. Thank You!!

52. Mapping Values at Different Levels of Value Chain: Yellow soybeans
Route : SDS -Cebu
Cost of production (PHP/kg) 13.18 21.03 23.49 28.76 33.98
Selling price (PHP/kg) 21.00 21.50 27.00 33.00 36.00
Margin (PHP/kg) 7.82 0.47 3.51 4.24 2.02
Volume of transaction (MT/season) 2.45 15-100 150-200 200-300
Route: SDS - Manila
Cost of production (PHP/kg) 13.18 21.03 23.49 28.78 33.73
Selling price (PHP/kg) 21.00 21.50 27.00 33.00 36.00
Margin (PHP/kg) 7.82 0.47 3.51 3.22 2.27
Volume of transaction (MT/season) 2.45 15-100 150-200 200-300
Farmers Dicer Trader
Whole
-saler
RetailersStakeholders

53. Mapping Values at Different Levels of Value Chain: Black soybeans
Route : ADS -Cebu
Cost of production (PHP/kg) 12.77 23.03 25.63 31.76 43.00
Selling price (PHP/kg) 23.00 25.00 30.00 43.00
Margin (PHP/kg) 10.23 1.97 4.37 11.24
Volume of transaction (MT/season) 1.54 58 116 116
Route: ADS - Manila
Cost of production (PHP/kg) 12.77 23.03 26.63 34.79 47.00
Selling price (PHP/kg) 23.00 26.00 32.00 47.00
Margin (PHP/kg) 10.23 2.97 5.37 12.21
Volume of transaction (MT/season) 1.54 58 116 116
Farmers Dicer Trader
Whole
-saler
Proces-
sors
Stakeholders

54. Information & Money/ Capital Flow
ITEM REMARKS
1. Training on
production & PP
operations
• Minimal information received by
SB farmers; 79 % did not receive
information about production & PP
operations
• No information on the quality
required by the market
2. Capital reqm’t. in
production
• Farmers used their own money
(46%), borrow from financiers
(29%), banks and neighbors (13%)
3. Price and market
information
• Farmers are price takers; traders/
wholesalers set the price

55. Enabling Environment
AGENCY PPA
DA- national;
regional
(through the
HVCDP)
• Developed a road map; “Building Sustainable
Soybean Industry in the Philippines”
• Established TWG to plan, implement & monitor
• Mobilized bureaus and attached agencies (e.g.
DA-AMAS, ATI, BSWM, PHilMech, RIARCS) and
other SUCs
• Conduct R&D activities; provision of processing
equipment
DAR • Conduct training & provide processing equipment
DOST and
DSWD
• Render technical assistance to processors
• Accommodate soybean products in feeding
programs
LGUs • Provide financial and facility support; training;
include SB products in nutrition program

56. Strengths & Opportunities
1. Low-input crop (19% input materials; 81%
labor cost); employment of rural labor
2. Good and cheaper source of nutritious
food
3. Huge local and foreign markets
4. Preference for newly-harvested (not old
stock) soybeans for processing

57. Problem/ Constraints of the Industry
1. Limited seeds for planting; poor quality
harvest
2. Lack of information dissemination on
improved production technologies;
potential market outlets
3. Lack of production and PP equipment to
facilitate field operations, monitor and/or
improve quality
4. Limited capital to expand planting of
soybeans

59. Products of Soybeans