This document discusses optimizing the resource-to-market supply chain by embracing variability. It notes that variability exists beyond our control in factors like weather, economics and material properties. It proposes using non-linear optimization techniques to explore more possibilities when planning under uncertainty. This allows optimization across multiple objectives like throughput, cost, quality and safety. By integrating planning with optimization science that considers variability, companies can determine impacts and make better end-to-end supply chain decisions under complex conditions.