Combining qualitative and quantitative software process evaluation sylvie trudel
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Presentation from the IWSM Mensura 2015 conference held October 5-7 in Cracow, Poland
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Combining qualitative and quantitative software process evaluation sylvie trudel
- 1. 15-‐10-‐12 1 COMBINING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE SOFTWARE PROCESS EVALUATION: A PROPOSED APPROACH Sylvie Trudel Dept. of Computer Science UQAM Alex Turcotte CEFTI Université de Sherbrooke 2© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW ² So)ware process evalua4on (SPE) ² Quan4fying the so)ware process efficiency ² Combining qualita4ve/quan4ta4ve SPE ² Field trial: financial trading domain ² Discussion ² Future work Content
- 2. 15-‐10-‐12 2 SOFTWARE PROCESS EVALUATION (SPE) INTRODUCTION: WHY, WHO, HOW & HOW MUCH © TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW 4 • Why: competition, market demands, costs – Symptoms: budget & schedule overruns (especially on larger projects), poor quality, unsatisfied customers/ users • How: evaluate against best practice models (e.g. CMMI) • Who: – Large organizations vs Small organizations: same methods? © TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Understanding what needs to be improved
- 3. 15-‐10-‐12 3 5© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW CMMI Maturity Levels 1. Initial Unpredictable and Poorly Controlled 4. Quantitatively managed Controlled and Measured Process Predictable Process Process and Product Quality 5. Optimizing Emphasis on Process Improvement Continuous Improvement Process Change Management 2. Managed Reactive Project Defined Process Project Management Structured Process 3. Defined Proactive Organizational Defined Process Standard and Consistent Process Integrated Engineering Process 6© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Heroes1. Initial Level Emphasis 5. Optimizing Quantitative Management Basic Project Management Process Areas Decision Analysis and Resolution Risk Management Integrated Project Management for IPPD Organizational Training Organizational Process Definition Organizational Process Focus Validation Verification Product Integration Technical Solution Requirements Development Configuration Management Process and Product Quality Assurance Measurement and Analysis Supplier Agreement Management Project Monitoring and Control Project Planning Requirements Management Risks and Rework Organizational Process Performance Quantitative Project Management Organizational Innovation and Deployment Causal Analysis and Resolution Continuously Improving Processes Processes Standardization Productivity and quality Results 2. Managed 3. Defined 4. Quantitatively Managed CMMI-‐Dev Overview «Staged»
- 4. 15-‐10-‐12 4 Process Evalua9on Methods 7© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Method Targeted organiza9ons Cer9fied lead appraiser Ra9ng Rela9ve cost SCAMPI ‘A’ Large þ þ $$$$$ SCAMPI ‘B’ Large þ -‐ $$$ SCAMPI ‘C’ Large & Medium -‐ -‐ $$ ISO/IEC 29110-‐3 Small -‐ -‐ $ PEM Small & Medium -‐ -‐ $ 8© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Original PEM Method (1 of 3) From ISO 14598-5 1- Analysis of Evaluation Requirements 2- Specification of the Evaluation 3- Design of the Evaluation • Evaluation request • Context: projects requirements, evaluation requirements • Statement of work template • SOW (draft) • CMMI Models • Process Area Selection Guide • Context • Statement of work (draft): ü Evaluation objectives ü Confidentiality agreement ü Assumptions and constraints • SOW (final) Scope: ü Selected Projects ü Selected Model ü Selected Process Areas • Client contract/agreement • SOW • Evaluation Plan Template • Evaluation Method • List of typical questions • Evaluation Plan • List of Selected Questions
- 5. 15-‐10-‐12 5 9© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Original PEM Method (2 of 3) From ISO 14598-5 (continued) 4- Interviewing Project Participants and Reviewing Project Documentation 5- Reviewing and Reporting Observations 6- Conclusion of the Evaluation Execution of the Evaluation • Interviews and Document reviews observations • Findings (draft) • Evaluator’s Checklist (started) • Evaluation Plan • List of Selected Questions • List of documents to evaluate • Evaluator’s Checklist (new) • Interview Guideline • Interviews and Document reviews observations • Wording of Findings Guideline • Findings (draft) • Finding Selection Guide • Evaluation Report Template • Evaluator’s Checklist (updated) • Evaluation Report (draft) • Findings (final and complete) • Evaluation Report (draft) • Requesters Comments • Evaluation Report (final) • Evaluator’s Checklist (final) • Interviews and Document reviews observations (destroyed) 10© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Original PEM Method (3 of 3) Value Added Step 7- Planning of Improvement Actions (optional) • Action plan, including: ü Related findings ü Activities, deliverables, tools ü Estimates and schedule ü Stakeholders involvement ü Return on investment • Evaluation Report (final) • Action plan template
- 6. 15-‐10-‐12 6 QUANTIFYING THE SOFTWARE PROCESS EFFICIENCY HOW TO MEASURE ASPECTS OF THE SOFTWARE PROCESS ? © TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW So)ware to measure Boundary COSMIC : Overview Func4onal process 1 Persistent storage Write (W) Read (R) Func4onal process 2 Func4onal process n … Human users or IO Hardware Entry (E) Exit (X) or Func4onal Users or Other systems Data ‘Interfaces’ ‘Infrastructures’ 12© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW
- 7. 15-‐10-‐12 7 13© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Applying COSMIC: 3 phases FUR Chapter 2 Measurement Strategy Generic Software Model Chapter 3 Mapping Phase FUR in the form of the Generic Software Model Chapter 4 Measurement Phase Functional size of the software in units of CFP Definition of each piece of software to be measured and of the required measurement Input from measurement sponsor Software Context Model FUR Poten4al measurement purpose: Quan4fy the SW process produc4vity rate Possible side effect: Iden4fy defects in Func4onal Requirements! COMBINING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE SPE WHY AND HOW: A PROPOSED APPROACH… © TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW
- 8. 15-‐10-‐12 8 15© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW ² Mo4va4ons: Ø Bring a broader insight on the SW Process Ø Overlooked issues related to requirements engineering Ø Provide a SW process produc4vity rate ² Hypothesis: Mutual influences between measurement results and qualita4ve findings Ø Requires to be combined during execu4on of the evalua4on! Combining Qualita9ve and Quan9ta9ve SPE 16© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Proposed approach 4a- Interviewing Project Participants and Reviewing Project Documentation 5- Reviewing and Reporting Observations Execution of the Evaluation • Interviews and Document reviews observations • Findings (draft) • Evaluator’s Checklist (started) • Evaluation Plan • List of Selected Questions • List of documents to evaluate • Evaluator’s Checklist (new) • Interview Guideline • Interviews and Document reviews observations • Wording of Findings Guideline • Findings (draft) • Finding Selection Guide • Evaluation Report Template • Evaluator’s Checklist (updated) • Evaluation Report (draft) • Findings (final and complete) 4b- Measuring software functional size and process efficiency • Selected FSM Method • FUR from selected projects • Effort from selected projects • Quality rating guidelines • Functional Size • Efficiency data (analysed) • Requirements defects (identified) • Findings (updated)
- 9. 15-‐10-‐12 9 FIELD TRIAL: FINANCIAL TRADING DOMAIN WHAT WERE THE RESULTS? © TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW 18© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW 1. Analysis: 100 staff members (most projects < 10) à trading SW for deriva4ve markets, documented process, percep4on of high costs from clients à Budget overruns on larger projects 2. Specifica4on: 1 Business domain (2 major clients), CMMI 2 & 3 except SAM-‐OT-‐DAR à 6 projects selected (3 large [500+ staff-‐ days], 3 regular) 3. Design: Plan to interview 21 par4cipants (at least 2 per role) à ques4onnaire developed, 2-‐page email instead of kick-‐off Organiza9on & Evalua9on Characteris9cs (1/2)
- 10. 15-‐10-‐12 10 19© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW 4. a. Interviews: 18 out 21 par4cipants interviewed, confiden4ality assured à effort = 50 staff-‐hours 4. b. Measurement: Done while reviewing requirements & projects documenta4on à ambigui4es led to examining SW code; results verified by cer4fied measurer, then analysis done 5. Review & Report: Valida4on of findings by par4cipants 6. Conclusion: Final report combines results à RE inconsistencies raised, recommenda4ons proposed for improvement Organiza9on & Evalua9on Characteris9cs (2/2) 20© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Ini4al produc4vity model with func4onal size and effort from all six projects
- 11. 15-‐10-‐12 11 21© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW Comparison of func4onal size and effort for the remaining four projects DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK WHAT DID WE LEARN AND WHAT’S NEXT? © TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW
- 12. 15-‐10-‐12 12 23© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW ² Adapta4on of PEM to combine qualita4ve (CMMI) and quan4ta4ve (COSMIC) evalua4on of the SW Process and the SW Requirements ² Several benefits from the field trial: 1. Measurement ßà Review of requirements quality (implicit) 2. Rela4on between measurement results and qualita4ve findings 3. Preliminary es4ma4on model obtained 4. Acceptable level of effort for a small organiza4on Discussion 24© TRUDEL & TURCOTTE 2015 IWSM MENSURA 2015 - CRACOW ² Adapt PEM from ISO/IEC 14598-‐5 to its updated SQuaRE version (i.e. ISO/IEC 25000) ² Verify compliance of PEM with ISO/IEC 15504 ² Include a customer sa4sfac4on survey to provide a 360˚ view of the SW process being evaluated Future Work
- 14. 15-‐10-‐12 14 Thank you ! 27