2. DEDUCTIVE METHOD
• We begin with the formula or rule and it is explained to
the students with the help of certain examples. This
method is opposite to inductive method.
• Here we make use of
1. General to particular case
2. Abstract to concrete
3. Rule or formula to examples
3. STEPS IN DEDUCTIVE METHOD
• In this method teacher announces the topic
and also gives the relevant formula, which is
also explained to the students with the help
of few examples.
• Then the problems are given to the students
who solve the problem following the same
way as explained by the teacher. Students
memorize the formula for future problems.
4. Example 1
Radius of the sphere is 7 cm. Find its volume
Solution :
Volume of the sphere V =
4
3
𝜋𝑟3
=
4
3
×
22
7
× 7 × 7 ×7𝑐𝑚3
=
4312
3
= 1437.3 𝑐𝑚3
VOLUME OF THE SPHERE V =
𝟒
𝟑
𝜋𝒓 𝟑
5. • It saves time and labour for both the teacher and the student.
• It enhances speed, skill and efficiency in solving problems.
• It is very useful for revision and drill work
• It helps in increasing the memory power of the students, as the
students are required to memorise a large numbers of laws and
formulae.
• It helps all types of students.
MERITS OF DEDUCTIVE METHOD
6. • It encourages rote memory without understanding.
• It does not clarify the doubts of the student regarding the
generalization.
• In this method memory becomes more important than
understanding and intelligence. It is not helpful for reasoning and
discovery.
• Once the formula or rule is forgotten, it is not possible to recover
them.
• It does not encourage student’s involvement in learning.
DEMERITS
7. •Deductive method is suitable for giving practice
to the student in applying the formulae
•This method is best suited for teaching
mathematics to higher classes.
DEDUCTIVE METHOD IS USED
EFFECTIVELY FOR THE FOLLOWING
8. • Inductive method is based on induction. Induction is the
process of proving a universal truth by showing that if it
is true of any particular case, it is true for the next case
in the same serial order and hence true for any such
cases.
INDUCTIVE METHOD
9. For example, in geometry or algebra, a formula
is developed giving number of examples are
given and made clear.
• Here we make use of
1. Known to unknown
2. Concrete to abstract
3. Simple example to complex formula
10. Inductive method can be used effectively for the
following chapters.
• Laws of indices
• Properties of parallelogram, rhombus etc
• Factorisation of quadratic expressions
• Properties of parallel lines
• Angles in a triangle
• Angle in a semicircle
11. • Preparation : Motivating students to get new knowledge and preparing environment.
• Explaining : Here teaching occupies important place with relevant examples.
• Comparison and finding common relation : Here the student understand the nature of
the problem and compare the given information and analyse for the solution of the
problem. Here knowledge is correlated with existing knowledge.
• Generalisation : Here the students arrive to get new formula or rule from various
examples.
• Verification or Application : Here the new formula or rule is applied to new situation
and finding solution to problem.
STEPS IN INDUCTIVE METHOD
12. • It helps understanding.
• It encourages active participation of the students in learning.
• It is logical method and develops critical thinking.
• It curbs the tendency of ratio leaning as it clears the doubts of
students.
• It enhances self confidence.
MERITS OF INDUCTIVE METHOD
13. • This method can not be used in solving all topics in mathematics.
• This method is not suitable for higher classes.
• It is a lengthly, time consuming and laborious method.
• It is not suitable for mathematically gifted students as unnecessary details
and too many examples make the teaching dull and boring.
• It is not absolutely conclusive as it might leave some doubts in the minds
of the students regarding the validity of generalization arrived through few
examples.
DEMERITS
