4. LECTURE METHOD Traditional method
Chalk and talk method
Teacher centered method
Teacher is active and
learners are passive
One way communication
Easy to use in large group
Save time and money
5. DEMOSTRATION
METHOD
Doing method
Pre plan
Learner can see and hear
More sense organs involve
Easy to understand
Develop psychomotor and
Cognitve domain
Lead experiences from
concrete to abstract
6. LECTURE –CUM-DEMOSTRATION
METHOD
1.Simple method
2.Easy to impart concrete knowledge to abstract experiences
3. Experiment and explanation going on simultaneously
4. Instructor ask relevant questions
5. Students remains active participant
7.
8.
9. PURPOSE OF LECTURE-CUM -
DEMONSTRATION METHOD
Gaining learning
Problem solving
Verify the facts
Develop scientific skill
10. STEPS
(A)PLANNING
Identifies the concepts to be explained
Formulate objectives
Rehearsal of theexperiment
Questions framing
Collection and arrangement of materials
11. Introduces the lesson by motivating the students
Students personal experiences or real lifesituations
Students environment
Telling story
Simple and interesting experiment
(B) INTRODUCTION OF THE
LESSON
12. Consideration the interest of students
While demonstration questions should be asked
which help the students to understand
Provide illustration (explanation)
Language should be clear and simple
All material related to demonstration should be clean
All material should not be display at once
Demonstration would be clearly visible to all learner
(C) PRESENTATION OF THE CONTENT
13. Summarize the principles, facts and important points
(D) BLACK BOARD WORK
14. MERITS
Save money and time
Useful for all students of varying ability (different)
Provide more information in less time
Leads the students from concrete experiences to abstract
concept
Active students
Trained mental facilities
15. DEMERITS
Lack of opportunity for practical ability
Learners only observe the demonstration
Instructor may follow their own pace (speed)
while demonstration
Not possible to teach all topic
16. ROLE OF
TEACHER
Possess knowledge of both
theoretical and practical skill
Should be enthusiastic and
motivating
Related theoretical principles
with practical demonstration
Students participate in the
session by conducting question
answer session on demonstration
17. TIPS DURING DEMOSTRATION
Know your audience
Set yours objective
Plan your preparation time
Class room arrangement
Be organized
Follow safety prevention
18. Tutorial Teaching Method
Meaning of Tutorials Teaching Methods:
Tutorial teaching method is follow up study of lectures. It is
highly individualized remedial teaching.
The student prepares an essay
The assignment is submitted before/after the tutorial
The assignment is graded
Presentation of the essay by the student, followed up
by discussion
Informal atmosphere
No content delivery by the tutor
Small group and personal interaction
19. Principle
To provide remedial help for the learners and develop
their cognitive and affective domains of behaviors.
This strategy is based on following principles:
1. Principle of individual differences
2. Remedial teaching
20. Steps
If talk about its structure, involves the following steps:
1.Diagnosis: After delivering the lecture in the general class,
the teacher tries to find out those students who have some
problems in understanding the content. These students are
divided into particular groups on the basis of similar problems.
2.Prescription: The teacher tries to generate teaching
relating to the needs, abilities and capabilities of teach group
of students. These classes are known as tutorial classes.
3.Follow-up: The teacher tried to evaluate his teaching in
terms of learning outcomes of the learner.
21. Tutorial classes are of three types:
1.Supervision tutorials:
In this type of tutorials, the teacher select those student who are above
average intelligence. Teacher assigns a problem to the student and he is asked to
present a paper on this problem. The student presents his paper related to the problems
before the teacher and his classmates. The teacher observes and supervises his paper
presentation. These audience may put questions and he has to answer them. When he
is in a difficulty to satisfy the queries of the audience, the teacher helps him by giving
appropriate and satisfactory answers to the listeners.
2.Group Tutorials:
These steps of tutorials are arranged for students of low intelligence. Those
students who have difficulties in classroom teaching, are grouped together on the basis
of nature of the problem. Teacher provides them remedial teaching and thus, helps to
make the lecture clear and legible.
3.Practical Tutorials:
this type of remedial classes tries to remove difficulties in practical work.
These tutorials can be organized after lecture and practical in the objects like Science,
Arts, Music etc. these tutorials are basically employed to achieve psychomotor
objectives.
.
22. Designing Tutorial Sessions
Developing learning outcomes of tutorial sessions
Aligning theory sessions with tutorials
Working out tutorial activities
Aligning learning outcomes with tutorial activities
Mapping out learning outcomes and assessment activities
Crafting strategies for the learning of each student
Using ICT for tutorials
23. Tutorial Activities
Solving problems
Discussing different perspectives
Asking questions
Answering questions
Working out different approaches to problems
Engaging students in debates
Feedback on student work
24. Characteristics of Effective Tutors
Facilitators of tutorial activities
Designer of problems/exercises and assignments
Moderator of group discussion
Architect of collaborative learning
Provider of SMART feedback
User of ICT to supplement tutorial activities
Empathetic and supportive
25. Advantages of Tutorials Method
As individual differences are taken into consideration, it is
supposed to be an effective and efficient way of teaching.
Teacher is like a doctor to diagnose the weaknesses of the
learners and on the basis of these weaknesses, he provides
specific treatment of teaching.
Teacher is helping and cooperative to the learners, thus, he
gains the confidence of the learners in revealing their
problems
26. Disadvantages of Tutorials Method
Due to over-crowded classes, it is very difficult for the tutor to
solve the problems of each student and in each and every subject.
The schedule allotted for teaching is so tight that remedial teaching
is not possible at teach and every step.
Feeling of jealousy inculcates in the tutorial groups
Even in tutorial groups, equal opportunities are not provided to all
the students. There are some students who dominate the tutorial
group.
Teacher, sometimes becomes biased and does not show equal
interest towards all the group members.
27. Suggestions:
1.There should be some criteria for forming the tutorial groups.
2.It is the moral duty of a teacher to be just for his pupils.
3.The teacher should be sympathetic, cooperative and should
have patience towards the weak students who may demand
further attention.
4.The teacher should opt democratic behavior so that he is
able to encourage and motivate students to take part in
discussion.