Finalna prezentacija rada učenika I2 razreda JU Gimnazija Dobrinja za multidisciplinarni čas o poznatim ženama u matematici, a sve u sklopu eTw projekta FFM2.

1. -Famous Female
Mathematicians-

2.  The 8th of March is only one day ih the year
when we remember the figth for women rights.
 On the International Women’s Day, the
economical, political and social achievements of
female members are celebrated.
 The first day of women was marked on March
8th 1909. Among other important historical
events, it marks the fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist
factory in New York 1911. when more than 140
women died.
International Women’s Day

3.  Traditionally, people believe that
mathematicians should be men.
 However, throughout history there
were many female mathematicians
who contributed to science as much as
men.
 Althought their names may have been
forgotten, their contributions to
mathematics are not.
Female mathematicians

4. Mathematichians in history
Hipatija Maria Gaetana
Agnesi
Marie Sophie
Germain
Sofija Vasiljevna
Kovalevska
Emmy Amalie
NoetherCaroline Herschel

5. Sarah Flannery
Maryam Mirzakhani
Lejla Smajlović
Maria Chudnovsky
Women still
have a great
influence on
the
development
of mathematics
today, and they
are still on they
way to the new
discoveries.

8. Biography
She was born in Alexandria, there
are only few information about her
but here’s the most important
details about her life.

9. The old reports are often vague and
inconsistent, except for the dramatic
way in which they lost their lives, an
event that undoubtedly influenced her
name to be remembered.

11. Hypatians father, Teon, was a
mathematician and astronomer at a
museum in Alexandria. Hypatia
probably got an education that
included mathematics and
astronomy, as well as training in the
Neoplaton school.

12. She is thought to have written math
books containing comments on the
Apollonian Conifers from Perga, as
well as comments on Diophantus.
She taught astronomy and
mathematics, as well as the
philosophical teachings of Plato and
Aristotle.

13. Although the old writers do not agree
on the reasons for her murder, everyone
agrees that Hypatia has been attacked
by the crowd and she was killed.
One of the reasons for this violence is
that she was considered dangerous by
the fanatical Christians as a
neoplatonist.

14. Other sources say she was a
close friend of Orestes, who was
also her former student, that he
relied heavily on her court, and
that she was in the midst of a
political struggle.

15. About Hypatis murder
The attack on Hypatia occurred in 415 in the
streets of Alexandria.
The ravaged thug of the supporters of the
Patriarch Kirill of Alexandria, led by Peter
Reader, pulled out from the car in the passage
to the new-born and the last librarian of the
Library, pulled her to the ground, dragged her
to the nearby church and savagely squeezed
her hands, crushing her shells with sharp
bones.

16. Unfortunately, Hypatia was
remembered more by her violent
death than by her own research
and inventions.

18. Hannover, 16. März 1750. - Hannover, 9. Januar 1848.

19. ÜBER CAROLINA HERSCHEL
- Geboren am 16. März 1750 in
Hannover
- Deutsche Astronomin
- Die jüngere Schwester von dem
Astronom William Herschel.
- Sie war die erste Frau in der
Geschichte die für die
wissenschaftliche Arbeit das Geld
bekommen hat
- Ihre Famile hatte Musiktalent.
- Alle Kinder wurden von klein auf
musikalisch erzogen
- Sie war Solosängerin bei den Auffürungen
ihres Bruders.
- In der Freizeit widmete sich Caroline der
Astronomie
 Caroline unterstützte ihren Bruder indem
sie die Spiegel des selbstgebauten
Teleskops schliff und putzte.

20. VON DER KLEINEN SCHWESTER DES KLEINEN BRUDERS BIS ZUR
BERÜHMTESTEN ASTRONOMIN IHRER ZEIT
 Bis zum vorherigen Jahrhundert in der Astronomiegeschichte gab
es groβe Entdeckungen von den groβen Wissenschaftler wie
Tycho Brahe, Galileo, Kepler, Herschel. Die Zahl der Frauen –
Wisseschaftlerinnen die als Inovatorinnen anerkannt waren, war
sehr klein.
 Es gibt aber trotzdem in der Geschichte brilliate
Wissenschaftlerinnen – Astronominnen;
eine ist Carolina Herschel.


21.  Im Jahr 1781 entdeckte ihr Bruder Wilhelm bei einer
Himmelsdurchmusterung den Planeten Uranus
 So widmete sie sich mit einem kleinen Newton-Teleskop der
Kometensuche.
 Ihre wichtigsten Beiträge zur Astronomie waren die
Entdeckungen mehrerer Kometen. Sie entdeckte drei
bemerkenswerte Nebel und acht Kometen.

22. Zu Beginn ihrer wissenschaftlichen Karriere
unterstützte sie ihren Bruder Wilhelm Herschel
bei seinen Forschungen. Sie half Wilhelm beim
Anfertigen von Spiegelteleskopen.
Sie befasste sich mit astronomischer Theorie.
Sie erlernte die algebraischen Formeln für
Berechnungen und Reduktionen als Grundlage für
das Beobachten und Durchmustern des Himmels.

23.  Zahlreiche Auszeichnungen wurden ihr verliehen – 1828 unter
anderem die Goldmedaille der Royal Astronomical Society. Sie
war die erste Frau, der Anerkennungen dieser Art zuteil
wurden.
 1846 erhielt sie im Alter von 96 Jahren im Auftrag des Königs
von Preußen die goldene Medaille der Preußischen Akademie
der Wissenschaften.

24.  Trotzdem blieb sie die
bescheidene Frau, die sie immer
gewesen war.
 Bis an das Ende ihres Lebens
versucht sie jeglichen Hinweis
auf eine eigene Leistung lediglich
als das Verdienst ihres
berühmten Bruders
herauszustellen.

25.  Caroline Herschel starb am 9. Januar 1848.
Sie erreichte das hohe Alter von 97 Jahren
und wurde auf dem Gartenfriedhof in
Hannover beerdigt, wo sich ihr Grab auch
jetzt noch befindet.

26. Maria Gaetana Anjezi

27.  Maria Gaetana Agnesi (born
May 16, 1718 in Milan - died
January 9, 1799 in Milan) was
an Italian mathematician,
linguist and philosopher, and
is also known for her
humanitarian work. She wrote
the first book containing an
integral and differential
account. She was an honorary
member of the Bologna
University.

28.  At the age of nine, she wrote and
delivered a speech in Latin for an hour at
an academic gathering.
 The topic of her presentation was the
right woman to education.
 At the age of fifteen, her father began to
gather in her home a circle of the most
educated people in Bologna, before which
she read and clarified a series of theses
about the most fragile philosophical
questions.
 Records of these gatherings can be found
in the book Lettres sur l'Italie.
Biography

29.  Maria Agnesi wrote a very successful textbook in which, for example
from analytic geometry, she took a geometric display of a cubic curve
whose equation is:
• This curve was even earlier known to mathematicians Ferma and Grandi,
who constructed the curve. In view of the shape of the curve, he called it
„la versiera“, which in Latin means "rope returning the core". However, the
translator of Agnesi‘s book, by mistake, replaced the word la versiera with
the word l'aversiere, which means "the devil of women", that is, the witch.
Since then, this curve is known as the Witch of Agnesi.
𝑦 =
𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑥
𝑥

30. Curve „Witch of Agnesi“

31. Knowers of mathematical analysis certainly know that this curve in mathematics is
called the Witch of Agnesi, that is to say, in honor of that curve it is called
„Agnesi‘s curl". The surface area of ​​the plane below the graphs of this curve and x
axis is π𝑎2
and is four times the area of ​​the diameter circle a.

33.  Born: May 3, 1977 in Tehran, Iran; Died: July 14, 2017
in California, USA
 Although she was born in Iran during the war
between Iraq and Iran, she graduated from
elementary school and passed the exam for
Farzanegan High School for Girls in Tehran. This school
was led by the Iranian national
organization for the
development of exceptional
talents, aimed at educating
the brightest students.

34.  Both Maryam Mirzakhani and her friend Roy Beheshti
comprised the Iranian Mathematical Olympic Team in
1994. The international competition was held that
year in Hong Kong, and Mirzakhani scored 41 of 42
points, and won a gold medal. Beheshti won a silver
medal. In 1995, Mirzakhani was again a member of
the Iranian Mathematical Olympic Team. This time
the international competition was held in Toronto,
Canada, and Mirzakhani scored 42 out of 42 points
and was rewarded with a gold medal.
 In 1995 Mirzakhani started a mathematics
study at the Sharif University of Technology
funded by the IPM community.
 She graduated from the Sharif Technical
University in 1999 with B.S. (Best Student)

35. After graduating from the
Sharif University, Mirzakhani
went to the United States
where she attended a graduate
school at the University of
Harvard.
She got her doctorate in 2004.

36.  She was named as a professor of
mathematics at Stanford University.
 In 2014 Mirzakhani became the first
woman to receive the Fields medal.
Medal was given by the International
Mathematical Community on August 13, 2014.
 Even before she got the Fields 2014 medal, Mirzakhani was
diagnosed with breast cancer. Cancer spread to the liver and bones,
and she died at a hospital in California in July 2017. President of
Stanford Marc said after her death:
 Maryam went too early, but her influence will live for thousands of
women who inspired her to pursue mathematics and science. Her
contribution both as a scholar and as a role model is significant and
she will be missed here in Stanford and around the world.

37. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!