2. Youth, studies and family
Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany, into a secular Jewish family. His
father, Hermann Einstein was a salesman and engineer, mother - Pauline Koch ran the
house. Albert had a sister, Maya, who was two years younger. At the age of five, he
began studying at home and took violin lessons from an early age. In 1886 he started
primary school, then he attended junior high school. He was a very good, inquisitive
student. In the late 1890s, the Einstein family moved from Munich to Milan, Italy. To get
to university, he had to complete his studies in Swiss Aarau High School, where he
passed his high school leaving examination in 1896 and then began studies at the
Swiss Federal Polytechnic University in Zurich. He then renounced his German
citizenship to obtain Swiss citizenship in 1901. While in college, Einstein met his first
wife, Serbian physics student Mileva Marič. In 1903, Albert and Mileva got married.
They had three children: a daughter Lieserl and two sons Hans Albert and Eduard. He
graduated in 1900. Initially unable to find employment at the university, he worked as a
high school teacher and then as a technical expert at the patent office in Bern. Working
3. Einstein with his first
wife Mileva Marič, 1903
Albert in
1882
12-year
old Albert
with sister
Maya The Einsteins with their son Hans,
4. Monument - fountain in Ulm
In the city where Einstein was
born, there is a bronze
fountain depicting him with
disheveled hair and a sticking
out tongue. The fountain
consists of 3 parts. The whole
thing is set on a "rocket hull",
a symbol of technology, the
conquest of space, and also
nuclear threat. On the
pedestal, the author placed a
"snail shell" symbolizing
skepticism towards human
mastery of technology.
5. Scientific work
In 1905, five scientific papers by Albert Einstein, extremely
important for modern science, were published in the magazine
Annalen der Physik. In one of them, "On the electrodynamics of
bodies in motion", he described his groundbreaking discovery
of the special theory of relativity. In the next publication, he
presented the equivalence of mass and energy in the world's
most famous physical formula: E=mc 2
In the same year he defended his doctoral thesis entitled
"About a new method for determining the size of molecules."
On January 15, 1906, he officially obtained a doctorate in
physics from the University of Zurich. In 1908 he started
working at the University of Bern, and in 1909 he received the
title and accepted the position of associate professor of
theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. In the same year,
he was awarded the first honorary doctorate by the University
of Geneva. From 1911, a year after his first nomination for the
Nobel Prize, Einstein received many offers to take up important
positions, including at the Prussian Academy of Sciences and
the University of Berlin. On April 1, 1911, Einstein took over as
6. As a valued scientist, he was invited to give lectures at
international meetings, including: On October 29, 1911, he took
part in the First Solvay Congress in Brussels, organized by the
French chemist Ernest Solvay (1838-1922), founder of the
International Institute of Physics. Maria Skłodowska Curie also
participated in the Congress. In 1914, he became a member of the
Prussian Academy of Sciences and accepted the position of
director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics in Berlin. In
1916, Einstein's dissertation entitled Principles of General
Relativity appeared in the journal Annalen der Physik, later
published as his first book. That same year he published three
papers on quantum theory, and the following year his first paper
on cosmology. During his scientific career, he wrote over 300
articles.
1911 Solvay Conference. In the front row,
second from the right, sits Maria Skłodowska-
Curie, and Albert Einstein stands at the back,
second from the right
7. Einstein Tower
The Einstein Tower is an
astronomical observatory
named after Albert Einstein. It
is located in Germany on the
outskirts of Potsdam. The
observatory was designed by
Erich Mendelsohn for
Einstein's astronomer Erwin
Finlay Freundlich, who
worked there to conduct
observations related to the
verification of the theory of
relativity. The tower was built
in 1920-21, the observatory
began operation in 1924.
Since the end of World War II,
it was in a state of ruin. It was
renovated only in 1999.
8. Nobel Prize, fame, travels
In 1921, for his achievements in the field of theoretical physics,
and in particular for discovering the law governing the
photoelectric effect, Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize. In
1919, Albert divorced Mileva and in the same year he married
his cousin Elsa Einstein. In the 1920s and 1930s, Einstein
traveled around the world, giving lectures in the United States,
Japan, England and France. During the first one trip to the
USA, he delivered four lectures on the theory of relativity at
Princeton University and received an honorary doctorate on
this subject at university. In 1925, he visited the countries of
South America: Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil.
Thanks to his efforts, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem was
established. In 1925-1927 he held the post at the Governing
Council of this university. In 1925 he received the Copley
Medal, the highest award in the world of science awarded by
the Royal Society of London, and in 1926 the gold medal of
the British Royal Astronomical Society. In June 1929, he
received another distinction, the Max Planck Medal, the
highest award of the Prussian Academy of Sciences awarded
9. Albert Einstein was nominated
for the Nobel Prize award 11
times (the first time in 1910).
Ultimately, he received it in
1922 for 1921. It was awarded
for his contributions to
theoretical physics, especially
for the discovery of the law of
the photoelectric effect.
Photo from the Nobel
Foundation archives.
10. His travels
Einstein with his wife
Elsa, 1921
Albert and Elsa in the
Grand Canyon, 1931
Albert Einstein and
Elsa among the
Hopi Indians, 1931
11. In Uruguay
One of Einstein's many travel destinations was Uruguay. In 2008, a sculpture
commemorating the philosopher Carlos Vaz Ferreira meeting Albert Einstein was unveiled
in Montevideo . The sculpture was created based on a photo that testifies to the meeting of
Vaz Ferreira and Albert Einstein on April 24, 1925, on a bench in the Plaza Artola. This
photo is a small reason for the pride of Uruguayans, because Einstein, already known all
over the world, was the one who asked for a meeting with a philosopher.
12. Emigration and settlement in the
United States
The political situation in Europe, Hitler's assumption of the position of Chancellor of
Germany and the Nazis' rise to power caused Einstein and other European scientists to
emigrate to the United States. Einstein's publications were among the books burned by
the Nazis. Albert Einstein renounced his membership in the Prussian Academy of
Sciences and never returned to Germany. In 1933 he settled in the USA. In the early
1940s he received United States citizenship. He accepted a position at the Institute for
Advanced Study in Princeton, where he worked for the rest of his life. In 1935, Einstein
was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal, an award from the Franklin Institute in
Philadelphia, which recognizes the most talented scientists and engineers, discoverers
and inventors in the world. Pierre and Marie Curie were also winners of this award. In
1936, Einstein's second wife, Elsa, died. In 1943, Einstein became a consultant to the
Munitions and Explosives Division of the United States Naval Ordnance Board, and in
1946 chairman of the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists. The ECAS was
intended to inform the public about progress in research on the construction of an atomic
13. The United States of America
On October 1, 1940, Einstein became a US citizen along with
his secretary (on the left) and his stepdaughter (on the right).
In 1946, Einstein became chairman of the
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists
Four Nobel Prize winners in physics: Niels Bohr (1922), James Franck
(1925), Albert Einstein (1921) and I. I. Rabi (1944). The meeting took
place in Princeton during the ceremony of awarding honorary degrees
from the Technion Institute of Technology (Haifa, Israel) to Albert Einstein
and James Franck.
15. Einstein on science
Studying, as well as the pursuit
of truth and beauty in general,
are spheres in which we are
allowed to remain children
throughout our lives.
Einstein's dedication to Adriana Enriques, circa October 22,
1921. Einstein Archives
Facts are not the most important
thing. Moreover, to learn them, you
don't have to study at university,
you can learn them from books.
The essence of higher education
education is therefore not about
instilling factual knowledge, but
about training the mind to find out
whatwhat cannot be found in
16. Musical Passions
Einstein was very musical, he played the violin until
he was old. His favorite composers were: Bach,
Corelli, Mozart, Carlatti and Vivaldi.
„If I weren't a physicist, I would probably become a musician. I often think in
terms of music. I'm living musical dreams awake. I see my life in terms of
music. (…) My violin is my greatest joy in life.”
17. Albert Einstein statue on the grounds
National Science Academy in Washington
The monumental bronze statue depicts Albert Einstein
sitting with manuscript papers in his hand. The book
he holds is engraved with three of his famous
equations, including Einstein's Field Equations of
General Relativity. On the back of the bench, behind
the statue, there are three famous quotes:
As long as I have any choice in this matter, I will only
live in a country where there is civil freedom,
tolerance and equality of all citizens before the law.
Joy and amazement at the beauty and splendor of this
world of which man can only have a faint
understanding...
The right to seek truth also carries with it an obligation;
no part of what is believed to be true must be
18.
19. Annalen der Physik AdP -
the prestigious German
journal in which Albert
Einstein published most of
his groundbreaking ideas.
The year 1905 is referred to
as Annus Mirabilis, Einstein's
miraculous year. In this year,
Einstein published four
articles that permanently
marked him in the history of
science.
20. The first text from 1905, explaining the
photoelectric effect, won Einstein the Nobel
Prize in 1921:
Über einen die Erzeugung und
Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffendedn
heuristichen Gesichtspunkt
21. During his scientific career, he wrote over 300 articles,
which he published mainly in Annalen der Physik but
also in "Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik",
"Physikalische Zeitschrift", "Journal de Physique",
"Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles",
"Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik",
"Naturwissenschaften", "Reviews of Modern Physics",
"Zeitschrift für Physik", "Canadian Journal of
Mathematics”, "Annals of Mathematics„.
22. Relativity: the special and general theory/ by Albert Einstein; transl. by Robert W. Lawson. New
York : Harstdale Hause, 1947
23. Thanks for
watching!
Now that you’ve finished watching this
presentation, try to solve the puzzle.
Click on or copy the link:
https://puzzlefactory.pl/pl/puzzle/graj/ludzie/57602
1-albert-einstein#11x6
