This is the detailed presentation file about Bharat Stage 6 Emission Standards. It include all the information about What is Bharat Stage 6, BS6, BS VI & why it implemented & what was the process behind it. This ppt include all the details about the Standards & limits about Emission of Chemicals & exhaust gases from smoke of vehicles. Hope this will be helpful for you. Made by- Er. SANDEEP KUMAR

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RAWAR
BHARAT STAGE-VI

4. What is BS-VI
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But first let’s discuss
what “BS” stands for
BS- stands for BHARAT
STAGE
VI means it’s sixth
Amendment

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Bharat stage emission standards are emission standards
instituted by Government to regulate the output of air
pollutants from engines. The standards and the timeline for
implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control
Board under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change.

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WHY NEEDED
As Everyone knows in top 20 most polluted cities of world 13-15
cities are from INDIA.
All Engines, Vehicles produce exhaust gases which contain
harmful gases like hydrocarbon,carbon monoxide,nitrogen oxide
and particulate matter.
Which are not only harmful for environment but also for humans
they cause sever disease
So it was very important to form such laws which can have
control over the emission from vehicles

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FORMATION OF
BHARAT STAGE
-CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD which works
under the MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT,FOREST AND
CLIMATE CHANGE decide to form laws to control the
emission from vehicles
-In 1991 first time such law came into existence known
as mass emission norms for petrol engines
-In 1992 theese norms were formed for Diesel engines.
-In 1995 GOVT. made catalytic converter compulsory for
petrol engines especially in cities Delhi, Mumbai,
Kolkata, Chennai.

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BS-VI
BS-6 EMISSION NORMS the latest ammendment in these norms
formed by Government.
As per BS-VI emission norms, petrol vehicles will have to effect
a 25% reduction in their NOx, or nitrogen oxide emissions.
Diesel engines will have to reduce their HC+NOx (hydro carbon
+ nitrogen oxides) by 43%, their NOx levels by 68% and
particulate matter levels by 82%.

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BS-6 EMISSION
NORMS IN DETAILS

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What these changes means
These changes means that from now all the manufacturer
have to make changes in their technology to make such
Engines which can fullfill all these criteria.
Acco. To BS-6 Petrol Engines can emitt Carbon monoxide(CO)
less than 1 gram per Km and also reduce the amount of
Nitrogen oxides by 25% than BS-4,
and in Diesel engines the amount of hydrocarbons is reduced
by 43%, Nitrogen oxides by 68%, and particulate matter by
82%

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The move from BS-IV to BS-VI will primarily require fuel to
have significantly lower sulphur content. Presently, the
sulphur content in BS-IV petrol and diesel is 50 parts per
million (ppm). BS VI-grade fuels, however, are to have a
Sulphur content of 10 ppm.
WHAT IS BS-6 GRADE
FUEL

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SOME IMPORTANT POINTS
REGARDING BS-6 UPGRADE
-BS-6 FUEL has different composition but still it can be used in
BS-4 vehicles.
-BS-4 FUEL has more sulphur compounds so there is no question
of using it in BS-6 vehicles.
-As per testing till now there is not any big impact of fuel
changes have been seen on milage of vehicles, however it have
slightly effect on milage (Acco. to survey on MARUTI DEZIRE
changes are
-with BS-4 FUEL. 22 kmpl
-with BS-6 FUEL. 21.3 kmpl
-Not much affect prices but slightly hike in prices can be seen,
which are due to recover the huge investment done on BS-6
upgradation.
-Vehicle’s price will definitely increase due to modification of
Engines

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In the case of diesel Engines three devices • i.e Catalytic
converter, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic
Reduction (SCR) are fitted in series. • Although catalytic convertor
is there in BS IV vehicles two extra devices DPF and SCR are to be
fitted extra to make vehicle BS VI compliance vehicle
TECH. IN DIESEL ENGINE

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Re-design of ports and exhaust system improvements • Higher
compression ratios along with improved carburetion by
electronic carburetion/ electronically managed fuel injection /
port injection or direct injection • Lean & charge stratification
with controlled auto ignition and variable ignition timing •
Combustion chamber re-design & sparkplug re-location •
Piston re-design
TECH. IN PETROL ENGINE

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Auto manufacturers prefer Octane 95 to 91 because it allows
engines to give more power. • The Euro 6-compliant engines
are to be first tested in Indian conditions • As per the oil
sector Euro VI cannot be followed blindly • BS VI fuel in small
quantities has to be provided by oil refineries, for trials to the
auto companies in a timely manner. • Implementation issues
from the customers.
CHALLENGES / ISSUES

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Increase in workload for engineering teams • Change in vehicle
dimension: Two new equipment’s DPF and SCR will be required for
conversion for which vehicle dimensions, has to be changed. •
Although companies have Euro 6 engines but there will be some
issues in getting them programmed to Indian driving cycle.•
Validation issues: In BS-V, vehicles have to be fitted with a diesel
particulate filter, which needs to be optimized for Indian road
conditions. In stage VI, selective catalytic reduction technology has
to be optimized. At each stage, the technology would have to be
validated over 6 lakhs to 7 lakhs km.
ISSUES RELATED TO AUTO
COMPANIES ON TECHNOLOGY
UPGRADATION

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Oil refineries have to ensure that all their 75000 fuel pumps /
stations have a supply of BS VI fuel by April 1, 2020 •
Technology selection will be another issue has to be taken
care of by Indian and global companies. • Technology
selection will be another issue has to be taken care of by
Indian and global companies. • For supplying BS VI fuel, oil
refiners have to bulk up their hydro- treatment units.
ISSUES RELATED TO OIL
REFINERY

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ADVANTAGES OF
BS-6 OVER BS-4

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• NOx emission will come down by approximately 25% for the
petrol engine and 68% for the diesel engines. • The PM
emission will see a substantial decrease of 80% in diesel
engines. • OBD will become mandatory for every vehicle and
it will help monitor the pollution caused by the vehicle in
real time. • RDE (Real Driving Emission) will be introduced
for the first time that will measure the emission in real-world
conditions and not just under test conditions.

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CONCLUSION

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From the analysis it can be concluded that for skipping BS-V
and shifting directly to BS-VI, both of the emission reducing
technologies DPF and SCR need to be fitted in the four-
wheelers simultaneously which is a time consuming and money
consuming process but have environmental benefits associated
with it. • Shifting directly to BS-VI within the specified time
limit is a great challenge for the automobile and oil industries
in India • The two and three wheelers will also have been fitted
with Electronic Fuel Injection system in place of the old
Carburetor system, to meet the BS-VI standards.
CONCLUSION

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• BS-VI will also be undertaking the Particulate Matter
reduction which earlier was not considered for BS-III and BS-
IV. • The sulphur content in BS-VI fuels will be limited to only
10 ppm which will help in reducing PM and NOx emissions • A
huge investment by automotive industry and oil refineries has
to be made for up gradation. • BS-VI will therefore help in
reducing the emission of harmful contents to the atmosphere
from IC engines.

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