The document discusses concepts in water management including the natural water cycle, how humans impact the cycle through infrastructure like dams and pipes, and strategies for sustainable urban water management. It focuses on rainwater harvesting techniques like catchment areas, conveyance pipes, filters, storage tanks, and recharge structures. Greywater reuse is also covered. Integrated systems are proposed that combine rainwater and greywater collection, filtration, storage and reuse or recharge to better manage water resources at household and neighborhood levels year-round.
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Water mapping
1. concepts in water
management
Asst Prof. Samyukta R
Dept. Of Architecture
Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University
23..03.2018
2. Natural water
cycle
1. RAIN—->catchment—->
surface run off—-
>creeks/ streams—
>rivers/ lakes—-> oceans
—> evaporation—->RAIN
2. RAIN—-> ground water
infiltration—>
underground aquifers
(slow release to surface in
dry season)
source: sswm.info
3.
4. source: sswm.info
humans and the
water cycle
DAMS
EFFLUENTS
PIPES
STORM WATER
Have a major impact on the
health of an ecosystem
e.g. exploitation of groundwater
e.g. pollution through inadequate
sanitation
BOREWELLS
Depend entirely on a
functioning ecosystem
e.g. quantity and quality of water
10. Rainwater Harvesting
collection + recharge
source:
rainwaterharvesting.org
Catch water where it falls, a toolkit on urban rainwater harvesting, CSE
12. Catchments
❖ PAVED AREAS- terrace,
balcony, courtyard etc.
minimally used areas can be
kept clean enough to harvest
water for potable uses
❖ NON PAVED AREAS-
Driveways, gardens, lawns.
Water harvested off these areas
is better suited for recharge
and that too after suitable
filtration
14. First Flushing
A first flush device is a valve
that ensures that runoff from the
first spell of rain is flushed out
and does not enter the system
15. Filter
Sand Filter
DEWAS filter
• (PVC) pipe 140 mm in diameter and
1.2m long.
• There are three chambers.
• purification chamber has pebbles
varying between 2-6 mm,
• the second chamber has slightly
larger pebbles, between 6 and 12 mm
• the third chamber has the largest -
12-20 mm pebbles. There is a mesh at
the outflow side through which clean
water flows out
charcoal filter can be used for smaller scale
16. Filter for large catchments
concentric filter horizontal roughing filter
20. 54 sq m terrace
Sand filter 54000l tanks for 6 months storage
21. Details
CATCHMENT
❖ 54 sqm terrace area of
metal sheet roofing
❖ cleaned before rainy
season to ensure clean
water run off
STORAGE
❖ 3 tanks of 1800l each for
potable water requirement
❖ 6lx30daysx6
monthsx5members
❖ tank is kept dark
❖ 5mg bleach added per
1000l once in 2 months
❖ Cleaned by removing the
bottom valve, end of May
every year
FILTER
❖ sand filter made of
ferrocement rings.
1.5m height
❖
22. Recharge structures
allow settlement of suspended solids before
recharge in unused wells or bore wells
Include a filter media when recharging into
bore wells in use
25. House hold grey water re-use
By separating waste
streams at the source, it is
possible to retain high
volumes of relatively safe
water (i.e. greywater,
rainwater) that can be
directly reused, whilst
reducing the volume of
wastewater (i.e.
blackwater) that must be
treated before reuse.
28. Scope for integration?
rainwater
settlement tank
recharge
storage tank
grey water
filter
1
rainy season
dry season
valve to be installed to alternate
two possible inlets
combined design for catering to
grey and rain water
separation
required if
harvesting is
done for
drinking
purpose
All excess can be
recharged during all
seasons