1. Parag Samant
Gaurav Singh Bisen
Prakhar Bhargava

2. Water Pollution
 Any Chemical, Biological or Physical
change in water quality that has harmful
effect on living organism or makes water
unsuitable for desired uses.
 Leading Worldwide Cause of Deaths :
14,000 + Deaths

3. Source of Water Pollutants
 Point Sources :
 Single definable source of Pollution
 Can be monitored and controlled.
 Ex. Factory, sewage plant.
 Non – Point Sources:
 No one single Source, wide range of
sources.
 Difficult to Monitor to and Control
 Ex. Runoff from farmland and Urban areas.

4. How Water is Polluted
 Human Activities
 Irrigation
 Clear Cutting of Forests
 Watershed Disturbance
 Loss of Minerals through Runoff
 Desertification

5.  Natural Phenomena
 Volcanoes
 Algae
 Storms
 Earthquakes

7. Water Pollutants and Their
Effects
 http://www.vacets.org/eng/eng19.html

8. Water and Wastewater
Management Process

9. Controlling Water Pollution
Upstream:
Before the problem occurs
Downstream:
After the problem occurs

10. Upstream Methods of
Controlling Water Pollution
 process modification in industry:
elimination of pollutants and toxics
 avoidance of direct discharge into:
 water bodies
 storm sewers
 sanitary sewers
 identification of storm drains (e.g.
Yellow Fish Road project)

11. Upstream Methods of
Controlling Water Pollution
 decoupling of storm and sanitary
sewers
 runoff control:
 increasing absorptive surfaces
 avoiding erosion
 maintaining streambank and shoreline
vegetation
 legislation and regulation: guidelines
and laws establishing limits on
discharge

12. Downstream Methods of
Managing Sewage: Small scale
 Temporary
Treatment
 packing it out
 single-use holes
 pit privies
 trench latrines

13. Downstream Methods of
Managing Sewage: Small scale
 Long-term Treatment
 outhouses
 settling ponds
 septic tanks
 septic fields
 composting toilets

14. Septic Tank Soaking Pit
System

15. SLUDGE
DIGESTER SLUDGE
DRYING
BED
Sludge
outflow

16. outflow
Activated sludge
Methane

17. Constructed Wetland

18. Constructed Wetland
EXPERIMENTAL CELLS
S.W.A.M.P.
(SEWAGE WASTE AMENDMENT MARSH PROJECT)
Niagara on the Lake, Ontario

19. Waterless toilet
technologies
 Scalable
 Waterless
 Low energy
 Suitable for remote areas
 Now CSA approved