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Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Efficient use of limited water resource:Safe Reuse of Wastewater (grey water) in Agriculture by Dr Mukund Patil

  1. Asia Regional Planning Meeting 4–5 May, 2016 Efficient use of limited water resource: Safe Reuse of Wastewater (grey water) in Agriculture Mukund Patil and Team International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
  2. Outline  Introduction •Why? How? What?  Constructed wetlands as decentralized wastewater treatment system •Domestic wastewater •Bio-refinery wastewater  Outputs
  3.  In developing countries, a large portion of population resides in villages where formal waste management systems do not exist.  Recycling and reuse of available waste in villages provides sustainable solutions for a waste management system and reduces environmental degradation.  Inappropriate reuse of untreated wastewater is unsafe for farmers and consumers. WHY? … illustrated Water Scarcity Wastewater treatment at Villalge level
  4. How?  Low cost and less maintenance methodologies for wastewater treatment  Involvement of community based organization for wastewater treatment and reuse  Integrated Water Resources Management.  Wastewater treatment and reuse as business model to ensure sustainability and income generation
  5.  Regeneration: Decentralized wastewater treatment system for village or small community.  Substitution: Reuse of treated water • Non-edible crops such as lemongrass • Fodder crop  Reduction: More crop per drop  Business model • Operated by SHGs or other CBOs • Income generation by selling fodder and other by-products What?
  6. Better management of water, land and crops to develop viable and sustainable Green Economy Integrating Bio-treated Wastewater Reuse with Enhanced Water Use Efficiency to Support the Green Economy in EU and India Water4Crops www.water4crops.org Water4crops-EU-FP7 • Coordinator: Dr. Antonio Lopez, IRSA- CNR • EU Consortium: 5 Universities, 8 Research Institutes, 7 SMEs, 2 Consultant Comp Water4crops-India-DBT • Coordinator: Dr. Suhas Wani, ICRISAT • India Consortium: 2 Universities, 4 Research Institutes, 4 Industries, 1 Consultant Comp Develop innovative bio-technological treatments for wastewater valorization and agricultural reuse Improve water use efficiency through improved agronomics, plant breeding and innovative irrigation techniques Regenerate Reduction
  7. Sites  International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telengana •Site for strategic research on wastewater treatment and reuse  Kothapally village, Medak, Telangana •Village level decentralized wastewater treatment system and reuse in agriculture
  8. Constructed wetland Sedimentation / screen filters Filter through layers of sand and gravels in wetland Degradation of contaminant by microbes and uptake by vegetation in wetland Reuse for irrigation Constructed Wetlands: human-made wetlands built to remove various types of pollutants present in wastewater that flows through these systems
  9. Researchable issues  Identification of efficient aquatic plant with respect to nutrient/contaminant uptake  Physical, chemical, and biological processes in constructed wetland  Low cost structures  Investigation of beneficial use of the plant biomass
  10. Constructed wetland @ ICRISAT  Source: housing colony  Volume : 500 m3 per day  Wetland types • Free water surface flow • Sub-surface flow
  11. Performance of CW at ICRISAT Water4Crops EU-India Joint Review Meeting, Montpellier, 15-16 Oct 2015 Percent Removal of Contaminant
  12. Performance of CW at ICRISAT Water4Crops EU-India Joint Review Meeting, Montpellier, 15-16 Oct 2015 Nutrient accumulation plants
  13. Fiber content in plant biomass
  14. Performance of CW at ICRISAT Water4Crops EU-India Joint Review Meeting, Montpellier, 15-16 Oct 2015 Key findings  Ammonium removal varied from 10-70 %.  Nitrate removal varied from19-47%.  Phosphate removal varied from 40-77 %.  New weed species-Ageratum conyzoides field tested for high N removal.  High nutrient removal and low nutrient removal plants.  Wetland plants -Marigold provide income sources and Hybrid Napier, Napier and Para-grass have fodder value.
  15.  Source: ~500 households  Volume : Approx. 80 m3 per day  Initial assumptions for designing the DWT • Average size of house hold = 5 • Average daily use of water per person = 40 liters • Wastewater generation (percentage of water use) = 80% • Hydraulic retention time = 3 days • Width of wetland = 6 m • Depth of wetland = 0.8 m  Total capacity: 40 m3/day  Filter media – Gravel 40 mm size – Gravel 20 mm size – Gravel 10 mm size – Sand  Vegetation – Canna indica – Typha Constructed wetland @ Kothapally village
  16. Constructed wetland for Bio-refinery wastewater Capacity of wetland: 60 m3/day Dimensions: Constructed wetland = 20 m x 20 m x 1.0 m Treated water storage tank= 20 m x 20 m x 1.5 m Type: Vegetated submerged bed Filter bed: Sand (25 cm thick) Gravel 10 mm size (25 cm thick) Gravel 20 mm size (25 cm thick) Gravel 40 mm size (25 cm thick) Vegetation: Napier Bajara (Penisetum purpurem x Pennisetum americanum) Canna indica Water source: ETP effluent
  17. Key Outputs  Team for research on wastewater treatment and reuse  Constructed wetlands: 15 (Telangana and Karnataka)  Agaretum conyzoides for use in constructed wetland.  Publications: • Articles: 5 • Conference paper/presentations: 5  Scaling-up in Bhoosamrudhi and watersheds projects
  18. Thank you
  19. How can it be implemented through a green business model?
  20. What has been implemented so far? Constructed wetland at Kothapally village in India. Treated water being used to irrigate one hectare farmland. Farmers are trained to maintain vermicomposting units (left). Biogas generated from waste is used for cooking and lighting in Lucheba watershed in China (right).
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