Copenhagen Cleantech Journal #5

COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH
JOURNAL 2013Issue #5
CITIES
SPLITTING THE BILL
How cities use
private investments
to finance their
climate plans
Page 18
The real climate heroes?
AFTER SANDY
NYC: 20 billion $
investment in
climate adaptation
Page 32
ONE MAN’S TRASH
Excess industrial
heat will soon keep
Frederikssund warm
Page 24

THE NEW
CLIMATE HEROES?
PUBLISHER
Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster
ADDRESS
Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster
Nørregade 7 B
DK – 1165 Copenhagen K
Denmark
+45 3322 0222
www.cphcleantech.com
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Marianna Lubanski
EDITORIAL TEAM
Rune Rasmussen
Hans Peder Wagner
CONTENT EDITOR
Samantha Le Royal
RESEARCH
Åsmund Hogstad
CONTRIBUTING JOURNALISTS
Anne Nielsen
Special thanks to
Seth Schultz
Kurt Othendal Nielsen
Jamie Lerner
GRAPHIC DESIGN
Mattias Wohlert
COVER ILLUSTRATION
Benny Box
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Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster (CCC)
is at the core of the cleantech eco
system in Denmark with a mission
to foster cooperation between
cleantech companies, research
institutions and public organizations
worldwide. Join us for a green future
– together!
COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH JOURNAL
NO
RDIC ECOLAB
EL
EDITORIAL
lobal climate negotiations have so far not
been able to find a common ground. With
few tangible global results local actors take the
lead in the transition to a greener economy.
IN THE forefront of this development cities stand
out as proactive actors. Cities have no choice but
to react. The strong globalization trend means
that most of the world’s population now lives in
cities and the trend continues. A city like Dhaka is
estimated to grow with almost half a million peo-
ple - per year! - for the next 10 years.
THIS is an overwhelming challenge to many cit-
ies that leads to increased pollution, congestion,
overloaded infrastructure, depletion of resources
etc. But it also represents an unprecedented op-
portunity for cities to adopt greener solutions and
generally embrace a more resource efficient de-
velopment to offset these challenges.
MANY cities have indeed taken on the role as the
new natural centre of the green economy. Ambi-
tious climate plans are produced from Aberdeen
to Zürich, but are the cities really delivering on
their promises? Have they managed to move be-
yond the political speeches and ambitions? And if
so, how?
CITIES are the topic of this issue of the Copenha-
gen Cleantech Journal. We will explore further why
cities have become the new green focal points
and how they deliver on their promises. We will
also look into how cities unlock private funding for
their climate plans and spice it up with several in-
spirational examples from around the world. Enjoy!
G
MARIANNA LUBANSKI
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH
CLUSTER
If you have other cases
you would like to call
our attention to, please
join the Copenhagen
Cleantech Cluster
Group at LinkedIn.

Issue #5 · 2013 | 3
CITIES: CATALYSTS FOR GREEN DEVELOPMENT
Is the climate change battle being lost or won in cities?
Page 04
INTERVIEW WITH SETH SCHULTZ
Decoding the roles and duties of cities and mayors
Page 10
CITIES IN TRANSITION
Global snapshots of green cities’ actions
Page 13
FINANCING THE GREEN CITY
How do cities attract private investment?
Page 18
FUTURE GREEN CITIES: UNFOLDED
The need for clean urban development calls for localized solutions
Page 22
HARNESSING THE HEAT OF INDUSTRY
Reusing industrial excess heat can be a good business case in cities
Page 24
NEW YORK READY FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION
The ‘Big Apple’ invests billions to protect the city against climate change
Page 28
THE COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH REGION
News from Copenhagen
Page 30
“IF YOU CAN’T MEASURE IT, YOU CAN’T MANAGE IT”
How to measure city performance – the green city index
Page 34
THE CITIZEN’S FOOTPRINT
A broader perspective to climate change impact
Page 36
CONTENTSPhoto:MichaelBocchieriIllustration:BennyBox

4 | Copenhagen Cleantech Journal
CITIES:
Catalysts for
Green Development
For centuries cities have been hubs of economic and social
development. Now many also look at cities as solutions to the global
climate change challenge. But cities are facing their own serious
challenges as a consequence of urbanisation. They need tangible
solutions to tackle uniquely urban problems.
So the question is: Are cities also the new climate heroes?
FOCUS
Illustration: Benny Box

Issue #5 · 2013 | 5
oday, we speak of cities
at a larger scale than
ever before. Major cities
already consume nearly
80 percent of the energy
produced globally, and
generate 70 percent of
the global GDP. Megaci-
ties, cities with popula-
tions over 10 million,
use more than 60 percent of the world’s re-
sources and account for over 70 percent of global
greenhouse gas emissions. The World Bank pre-
dicts that continued urbanization will result in 4
billion people living in megacities by 2030, that’s
over half of the predicted world population. The
UN also estimates that by 2050 the world popu-
lation will increase to 9.3 billion, with the popu-
lation in urban areas reaching 6.3 billion. Global
sustainable development is highly dependent on
transitioning cities into resilient hubs of sustain-
able development and environmental steward-
ship.
There is a growing call to consider cities as
future catalysts of sustainable development.
Urban areas are expected to absorb most of the
population growth over the next four decades.
In particular, Asia is projected to see its urban
populations increase by 1.4 billion, Africa by 0.9
billion, and Latin America and the Caribbean by
0.2 billion in the next 40 years (2011-2050) ac-
cording to the UN.
Cities also offer a potential remedy to unambi-
tiousnationalpoliciesandtothefailuresofglobal
climate negotiations. Many cities are embracing
their title as the new climate heroes while many
environmentalists are also putting the hopes in
the hands of sustainable urban transition. How-
ever, the large majority of cities are not equipped
with the resources or infrastructure to adopt
green solutions and adapt to climate change. Can
cities tackle the massive challenges of increasing
populations, and lead the global transition to a
green economy at the same time?
Looking into the future
Migration into cities has a massive impact on
individual cities and the planet as a whole.
Nonetheless, it can be seen as an opportunity
to grow green and to adopt better technologies
and systems for catalyzing global sustainable de-
velopment. “Cities today have a choice of doing
things sustainably or inefficiently, the answer is
obvious,” says Neelabh Singh, Head of Complex
T
3.5billion
Number of
people living in
urban areas in
2010
6.3billion
Number of
people pro-
jected to live in
urban areas in
2050
50%
Percentage of
people living in
cities in 2010
“CITIES AROUND THE WORLD
ARE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
ACCEPTING SUSTAINABILITY”
NEELABH SINGH

Cleantech Solutions at Copenhagen Cleantech
Cluster (CCC). CCC is dedicated to promot-
ing holistic solutions to the complex challenges
faced by cities and city segments, such as waste
handling and water management. Singh adds,
“But we must consider that cities around the
world are in different stages of accepting sustain-
ability.”
A report by Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster
and Quartz & Co. identifies cities by their needs
and the potential for cleantech solutions. Cities
such as Lagos and Dhaka, where there is rapid
urbanization
but low GDP
growth, re-
quire affordable
green solutions.
These cities
need to in-
crease housing
and infrastruc-
ture first. In-
vesting in green
solutions im-
mediately can
lower the capital barrier for sustainable waste,
water and energy systems. Very large cities in de-
veloping countries such as Mexico City, Mumbai,
and Sao Paulo are considering upgrades to their
existing infrastructure to meet international
standards. The report classifies them as Com-
fort Evolution Cities. Finally, at the highest end
of the spectrum, are cities such as London, Co-
penhagen and Amsterdam. They are the front-
runners, with ambitious GHG reduction targets.
These cities seek to attain economic growth by
developing green industry, creating high value
jobs in the sector, and branding themselves as
green.
The economic growth will continue to be con-
centrated in urban areas, with the top 30 cities
driving the 20 percent of the global GDP growth
from 2010-2020. City populations of emerging
economies are expected to double from 2 billion
to 4 billion people between 2000 and 2030. With
more than 70 percent of generated energy now
consumed in cities, and as much as 80 percent
of global greenhouse gas emissions attributed to
urban residents, cities need sustainable growth
(World Bank, 2013).
“This means that politicians and policy mak-
ers cannot look at green economic growth and
cleantech in isolation, but as an integrated and
necessary element to capture future growth,”
states Singh. He explains that the national and
city political agenda have few choices but to em-
brace cleantech as part of the development. He
draws on the Danish model, where economic
growth and energy consumption are inversely
proportional. Singh notes, “This means creating
frameworks and conditions for a good business
case, which should include financial, social and
environmental gains.”
Rising Megacities
“Developingcountries,andtheirmajorcities,are
lookingforonethingaboveall:economicgrowth,
as fast as possible” says Connor Riffle, Head of
Cities at Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). To
guard social and economical development, meg-
acities require climate secure solutions match-
ing the scale of their needs for energy, food, and
“MAJOR CITIES ARE LOOKING
FOR ONE THING ABOVE ALL:
ECONOMIC GROWTH”
CONNOR RIFFLE
Catalysts for Green Development

Issue #5 · 2013 | 7
water. He explains that with growth come higher
standards of living, less disease and poverty, and
fewer deaths. Riffle adds, “Clean energy and the
switch to a low-carbon future presents a once-
in-a-lifetime opportunity for cities to enable sig-
nificant economic growth.” The CDP provides a
voluntary climate change-reporting platform as
a first step for managing GHG emissions.
Building and improving cities with the aim
of continued sustainable growth will require a
range of considerations, including energy sup-
plies, efficient buildings, waste management ca-
pacity and innovative water systems. Singh com-
ments, “We observe that there is not so much
an issue of a lack of capital or a lack of political
will, but more an issue of being able to take a
certain technology and apply it at a grand scale.”
He mentions that successful solutions cannot be
transferred from city to city. When it comes to
megacities, the need for scale is enormous, ap-
plying solutions that currently work in Copen-
hagen to cities like Beijing is complex.
However, new megacities in developing na-
tions can also leapfrog to cleantech. “Developing
cities have the opportunity to avoid the carbon-
intensive infrastructure choices that developed
countries made in the past. For example, devel-
oped cities like Los Angeles made major invest-
mentsinroadsjustafterWorldWarII.Today,not
coincidentally, the largest share of Los Angeles’
GHG emissions arises from transport. Develop-
ing cities can immediately invest in low-carbon
infrastructure. For instance, many developing
cities in Latin America and Africa are skipping
expensive investments in subways in favor of
Bus Rapid Transport,” says Riffle.
Sustainability
“index”
high
Eco city types compared
to maturity stages
Affordable greening
Accomodating for many households at
lowest cost
Building Eco + using smart technology can
save Capex for water, electricity and waste
Comfort evolution
Provide greater comfort and efficiency
for inhabitants. Reduce the basic prob-
lems of pollution and waste at lowest
capex/opex
Green comfort and branded city
Make the city attractive for people
and companies
Quality of life/
city GDP
1
2
3
1
2
3
high
low
low

From Measures to Action
Matt Prescott, Founder of the Environmental
Rating Agency (ERA), explains that due to their
scale, cities also have the ability to deliver meas-
urable change through integrated systems. “City
infrastructure is much more geared to take the
measurements. Basically, if you make changes
you can follow the consequences through sys-
tems. The more efficient the upgrade is, the big-
ger incentive to make interventions.” He adds,
“Mitigating environmental impacts is obvious in
urban areas, as the larger the group of people, the
larger the impact and the economies of scale.”
ERA develops risk models that help various sec-
tors, such as finance sectors. ERA’s flagship re-
port rates nations according to 12 environmental
indicators including energy, CO2 emissions per
kWh generated and per capita, national protect-
ed areas, and deforestation rate; other important
indicators they consider are water, air quality
and human consumption.
“We found that the global conversation about
the environment has become stocked in relation
to climate and energy, but there are other issues
and opportunities we should look at. From our
assessment, it turned out that issues like water
and air quality were neglected aspects of envi-
ronmental impact. There are some countries
that are significantly outperforming others,
where there is an opportunity to learn rather
than arguing about the 1 percent improvements
here and there. There are opportunities to make
50 percent improvements just by looking at the
best in the world and learning from them” says
Prescott.
Rapid industrialization poses many challeng-
esindevelopingnations.MegacitiesinChinaand
India seeking to develop institutions that can
cope with the population growth need affordable
and environmentally conscious solutions at a
large scale. Prescott says, “We shouldn’t believe
that upcoming megacities in developing nations
have to make all the mistakes of developed na-
tions. Here rating and benchmarking is a great
way to create valuable knowledge and harness-
ing it to achieve desirable goals. There are many
cities that share similar difficulties of waste and
energy security, each city is creating a myriad of
different ideas. This experimentation is gener-
ating new solutions that can be broadly applied
without being politically driven.” Cities, such as
Mexico City and Sao Paolo, picked negative fea-
tures of developed cities, such as urban sprawl.
Now it’s time to repair damages and upgrade to
green.
Cities in Transition
The reality is that cities are limited by budget
and day-to-day problems. Riffle says, “Every
city government I’ve ever met with is feeling the
pinch of tight budgets. So city governments are
constantly looking for ways to save money and
create efficiencies. Cutting carbon —regardless
of its benefits for the earth’s atmosphere— pro-
vides a tried and tested, cost-effective method
for cities to improve their efficiency and save
money, through activities like building retrofits
and fuel switching. The promise of saving money
is a great motivator for cities to undertake green
urban planning.” The problems associated with
Catalysts for Green Development

Issue #5 · 2013 | 9
migration into urban areas also create challeng-
es for expanding the capacity of systems to cope
with waste, water and energy needs. Besides job
creation and economic growth on the daily agen-
da, cities also have to adapt to climate change.
Riffle shares his view on these issues. “Traffic,
especially in developing cities, brings the busi-
ness to a halt. Megacities like Sao Paulo, Mexico
City, and Shanghai routinely face traffic bottle-
necks that extend cross-town journeys from one
hour to three hours. The daily nature of this traf-
fic is a major driver for city governments to think
about different, often greener, urban planning
and development.” He continues, “City govern-
ments, whether they like it or not, are the first-
responders to weather-induced catastrophes
like flooding. These weather catastrophes have
been on the increase over the last decade. Every
year now megacities like New York, Jakarta, and
Rio de Janeiro make the front page of interna-
tional newspapers for massive weather-related
disasters. Watching local citizens and businesses
suffer— is a powerful motivator to accelerate the
pace of investment in green urban plan-
ning and development.”
Thinking of cleantech in terms of
economy efficiency is already delivering
results. “We need to decouple growth
in GHG emissions from growth in GDP.
Economic efficiency gives us a metric by
which to measure progress in decoupling.
The metric encourages cities to begin
thinking about how they can produce
more economic output per ton of GHG”
states Riffle.
Urban residents need clean air, po-
table water, and affortable energy. They also
need efficient buildings, a reliable power grid
and capable mobility solutions. The complex-
ity requires taking a holistic view of sustainable
solutions for cities. Megacities occupy about 2
percent of the world’s land; compact and well-
connected growth can make a huge difference
in the amount of investment needed for driving
green urban development. Singh states “The
fight against climate change will be won or lost in
cities, so it’s crucial we make our urban habitats
more efficient, cleaner and better to live in —not
only for ourselves, but for future generations.
Technologies are major levers and base for fur-
ther sustainable city development. An effective
infrastructure contributes to economic prosper-
ity and improving quality of life.”
“DEVELOPING CITIES HAVE
THE OPPORTUNITY TO AVOID
THE CARBON-INTENSIVE
INFRASTRUCTURE CHOICES”
CONNOR RIFFLE

CITIES ARE
ACTING, SHARING
AND LEARNING
Seth Schultz
SETH SERVES as the Director of Research
at the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
(C40). Prior to this role, he served as the
Director of the Climate Positive Develop-
ment Program at the Clinton Foundation
developing a program to help large-scale
urban projects reduce their on-site CO2
emissions. Previous to his nonprofit work,
Seth has been a consultant on environ-
mental issues for more than 10 years.
WHAT challenges do cities face in devel-
oping green projects?
One of the main challenges for cities is funding
-- finding the capital required to “green” a city.
Importantly, funding can’t simply be taxed-based,
and it’s also influenced by factors beyond the
city borders. Financing green projects requires
expanding the capital base for improvement pro-
jects. Since city infrastructure is large, projects
often need financial support from national or re-
gional governments as well. The interesting thing
is that cities are getting more and more creative
in figuring out ways to pay for projects, either by
privatizing or forming public-private partnerships.
Engaging stakeholders is another challenge. Cities
are increasing in size, and they are becoming more
diverse economically and culturally. It can be dif-
ficult to communicate effectively to citizens what
needs to be done and why – but many of our C40
Cities have developed best practices in this area.
Long term planning is also a real challenge. In de-
veloping cities, a rapid influx of people moving into
urban areas forces cities to provide the necessary
services and infrastructure at a pace that may im-
pede comprehensive planning. The result can be
costly. There is a need for both long term planning
and immediate action. I think cities are getting
better and better at doing both.
Q&AIllustration:JohnWilson

Issue #5 · 2013 | 11
GIVEN THESE challenges, to what extent
are cities already catalyzing their ex-
pansion towards green development?
What we see is that cities around the world are
taking more action on climate change issues than
other types of government. They are moving very
quickly in terms of clean, green development. In a
report that we released earlier this year, we found
that by taking action on climate change mayors
were actually creating healthier and wealthier cit-
ies. It is a mayor’s responsibility to provide a safe
and profitable environment for citizens. Cities are
very competitive, and seek to attract people and
businesses. So, cities are finding it very important
to provide the best quality of life, the best living
environment and truly vibrant places to live and to
work.
Concerns about climate resilience are also driv-
ing the green agenda forward. Resilience is an im-
portant issue, 90% of the world’s large cities are
coastal making them very susceptible to rising
sea levels and the impacts of extreme weather
events. This is a critical issue for cities, regardless
or whether they are located in the southern or
northern hemisphere. What we see is that a need
for adaptability becomes a driver for developing
green infrastructure which, in turn, will also make
cities more resistant to climate change impacts.
MEASURING GHG emissions, is this ap-
proach really helping Mayors to move
forward in the right direction?
Yes, this is a fundamental issue and one that our
C40 Chair, New York City Mayor Bloomberg has
driven home repeatedly. He has often said “if you
can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.” And that
means that if you understand where your GHG
emissions are coming from, then you can begin
to address and prioritize them, eventually track-
ing progress over time. This holds true for a variety
of policy interventions, regardless of whether they
are climate related or not. So the smarter and
more detailed cities are about data collection and
measurement, the smarter and more efficient
their policy interventions can be. In our 2013 CDP
Cities survey of C40 Cities, more than 64 percent
of respondents reported that they are creating
greenhouse gas emissions inventories at the city-
wide level. This commitment to data-driven action
will be one of the key legacies of Mayor Bloomb-
erg’s chairmanship.
The climate challenges
confronting cities may
be similar, but they re-
quire different, local-
ized approaches and
solutions
”

HOW ARE CITIES benefiting from collabo-
rating with each other?
Mayors are responsible to the public for delivering
results and driving innovation. Increasingly mayors
are looking to one another for ideas and solutions
to common problems. The value of this kind of ex-
change is a key tenet of C40: it is really beneficial
– and more efficient – for cities to have a forum
in which to share information, including both their
failures and successes . As a result, cities can save
their peers from making the same mistakes – and
can provide examples that serve as proof points
in proposing new initiatives to their constituents.
And this is critical for success. C40 Mayors under-
stand this, and are helping each other.
What’s really interesting is that there is a tremen-
dous amount of learning and sharing between de-
veloped and developing cities. For instance, there
is a valuable interaction between London and
Johannesburg, and between Rio de Janeiro and
Stockholm. All kinds of learning and fruitful ex-
changes are happening. The really exciting thing
is that when cities get together to work on prob-
lems we are able to “circle the wagons” around
specific issues and work to develop solutions in a
collaborative fashion. Or as London’s Mayor John-
son is fond of saying to the members, and I am
paraphrasing, “I have every intention of stealing
your good ideas.”
HOW IS C40 helping cities to measure
greenhouse gas emissions and create
climate action plans?
C40 is helping cities measure their greenhouse
gas emissions by developing a common ap-
proach, or standard, for city-level measure-
ment. The Global Protocol for Community Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC), developed
in partnership with WRI and ICLEI is specifically
designed for cities. It identifies sectors, emis-
sions and boundaries to measure. Currently C40
is piloting this initiative with 35 cities around the
world, and will launch the final version in 2014.
The protocol will serve as a global tool bringing
much needed consistency to measuring GHG
emissions in cities. This will help cities access
financing; allow comparisons between cities over
time; and demonstrate the global impact of col-
lective local action.
C40 is also developing a methodology to assess
the level of control that a mayor has over the
GHG emissions in their cities. It includes 4 differ-
ent dimensions of power, breaking the emissions
problem into categories, and surveying affiliated
cities on the type of power they have based on
their local governance structure. What this re-
search shows is that Mayors have direct authority
over the most important sources of emissions.
At C40 we rely on this research to identify the
potential areas of intervention both where
mayors have the greatest degree of control and
where action would have the greatest impact
on greenhouse gas emissions or climate risk. It
is in these high impact areas where C40 focused
on connecting cities with similar governance
structures in order to transfer and scale actions
more rapidly.
ABOUT C40
The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) is a network of large and engaged cities from
around the world committed to implementing meaningful and sustainable climate-related
actions locally that will help address climate change globally. C40 was established in 2005
and expanded via a partnership in 2006 with President William J. Clinton’s Climate Initiative
(CCI). The current chair of the C40 is New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg.
To learn more about the work of C40 and our Cities, please visit www.c40.org

Issue #5 · 2013 | 13
Cities are the places where challenges and solutions meet. But today, cities are
growing at an unprecedented and challenging speed. City leaders are concerned
about creating jobs and making their cities competitive. They also worry about the
quality of life for citizens, and how cities can lower their carbon trajectories. These
are examples of cities in transition towards green development.
1
GLOBAL SNAPSHOTS
NOW RECOGNIZED as one of the world’s
greenest cities, Curitiba, Brazil be-
gan its sustainable transformation in
1970. Led by its former mayor, Jaime
Lerner, a team of city planners, engi-
neers, and sociologists worked togeth-
er. They developed a plan for efficient
transport, community friendly public
spaces, and waste systems.
Every citizen has around 52 square
meters of nature to enjoy in the city.
Programs like the “Green City Ex-
change” incentivize low-income
families to exchange rubbish for bus
tickets and food. About 70 percent of
all waste is recycled, the city’s efforts
to recycle paper save 1200 trees a day.
These transformations have also con-
tributed to economic growth, the GDP
per capita in Curitiba is 66 percent
above the average in Brazil.
Curitiba’s Green
Revolution
CURITIBA
CITIES IN
TRANSITION
Photo:WHLtravel/CreativeCommons

GRAZ, THE SECOND largest
city in Austria, will host the
smart city centre for urban
technologies in the new
Science Tower. The 60 me-
ters tall tower will become
the landmark of the city,
and a home for scientists
and companies involved in
innovative cleantech solu-
tions. It will also house its
employees while remaining
open to the general public.
On the roof, there will be a
relaxation zone with a bo-
tanical garden, emphasiz-
ing the quality of life and
openness that Graz wishes
to accommodate as a part of
a sustainable community.
With a round outer shell
its own glass skin will also
gather its energy.
Science Tower
2
GLOBAL SNAPSHOTS
GRAZ

Issue #5 · 2013 | 15
IN CAPE TOWN, the city’s urban expan-
sion threatens the city’s habitats,
flora and fauna. Responding to these
threats and the need for rapid action,
Cape Town has identified, prioritized
and begun the implementation of a
Biodiversity Network, which protects
critically important remnants of veg-
etation.
The resulting network presently pro-
tects representative components of
all remaining vegetation types within
the municipal area. Of 23 nationally
recognized vegetation types in the city
limits, 10 are considered ‘Critically
Endangered’, four are ‘Endangered’
and four are ‘Vulnerable’. Six of these
23 vegetation types are endemic to the
city. These conservation measures es-
tablish ecological corridors, which re-
main accessible to the citizens of Cape
Town and visiting tourists.
Urban Biodiversity
5
CAPE TOWN
3
GRENOBLE is set to demonstrate how a post-carbon city will
look. The EcoCité project aims to develop energy positive
and carbon neutral cities by combining clean and renew-
able sources, including biomass, solar and hydraulic power.
Buildings will be retrofitted, heating and cooling systems
will be integrated to the smart grid, and transportation will
be shared using electric or hybrid power. Moderately priced
mobility passes will allow citizens to use electric vehicles,
self-service bikes, car sharing programmes and electric
public transport. Other improvements include, the re-use
of rainwater, wood constructions, and geothermal heating
systems. Environmentally sound performance and quality
life will be linked with design features, such as vertical gar-
dens.
Grenoble is located at the foot of the French Alps, in an
urban area with 700,000 inhabitants. This project is the
biggest of the 13 districts in France set to develop into Eco-
cities. It will promote green and sustainable development,
as well as improve community awareness.
A Future Eco-city
GRENOBLE

PORTLAND HAS A LONG history in sus-
tainability action. The city has long
pursued innovative approaches to
urbanism, beginning with the urban
growth boundary in the 1970s to the
pioneering of EcoDistricts today.
Portland is the first U.S. city to enact
a comprehensive plan to reduce CO2
emissions. It also runs a comprehen-
sive system of light rail, buses, and
bike lanes to help keep cars off the
roads, and it boasts 37.23 hectares of
green space and more than 119 kilo-
meters of hiking, running, and biking
trails.
Portland was hit hard by the current
economic downturn. In response, the
city has redoubled its efforts to invest
in sustainability as a major part of its
economic development strategy. Port-
land’s strategy includes building upon
its urban sustainability investments.
Urban Innovation
6
PORTLAND
PANGKALPINANG MUNICIPALITY in Indonesia formed an in-
novative public-private partnership by converting spoilt
land into The Bangka Botanical Garden. The idea came
from a local firm and by partnering with the government,
the transformation of this land became an ecologically im-
portant area, formerly used for mining.
The botanical garden, as well as providing recreational op-
portunities to the community, supplies clean water to the
municipality and it has become a significant wildlife habi-
tat. Furthermore, its creation has led to the development of
the Bangka Goes Green movement. With its implementa-
tion came a greater sense of responsibility and interest in
preserving the local environment.
Public-Private Partnerships
7
INDONESIA
GLOBAL SNAPSHOTS

Issue #5 · 2013 | 17
THE BARCELONA School
Agenda 21 is a pioneering
environmental education
program for schools within
Barcelona and a source of
inspiration for similar initi-
atives beyond the city. The
entire community around
each school is involved in
providing solutions and
making commitments for
a more sustainable city, for
the environment and for
the school itself.
Over the years, more than
80,000 pupils, 7,500 teach-
ers, 1,400 supplementary
school staff members and
over 60,000 families have
taken part. The School
Agenda 21 Program un-
folds in a conceptual space
somewhere between the
educational sphere and
the environmental dimen-
sion of the Barcelona Local
Agenda21.Ithasservedasa
model for many other cities
in Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ar-
gentina, Mexico and Cuba.
Education for
Sustainability
8
BARCELONA
WITH AN ECOSYSTEM in disruption,
the Mithi river in Mumbai is host to
extreme rainfalls and waste water.
Nonetheless, the river is vital for lo-
cal communities. The Mithi River De-
velopment and Protection Authority
and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region
have a goal of finding cleantech solu-
tions for restoring balance to the riv-
er’s ecosystem.
Local authorities are exploring sev-
eral solutions to handle the complex
challenges the river faces. They are
collaborating with a Danish group of
companies specialized in water im-
provement and waste treatment to
apply a holistic approach, and will
carry out a pilot project to apply their
shared solutions and experience.
Mithi River
MUMBAI
9

hen drawing up climate plans, cities will
naturally include the sectors that contrib-
ute the largest share of GHG emissions. In
cities like Hong Kong, where 89 percent of
the emissions come from buildings it makes
sense to invest most effort on that sector.
By contrast, 40 percent of emissions in To-
ronto are attributed to mobility (Climate
Group, 2010).
Cities often have the powers to implement
changes in few of the sectors relevant to
ambitious climate plans, for example trans-
portation and waste management. Howev-
er, the energy and building sectors – often
privately controlled – are also large contribu-
tors to green house emissions. As a conse-
quence private investments in infrastruc-
ture are paramount for climate mitigation
and adaption plans to succeed.
Copenhagen serves as an example. The city
has heating and cooling plants from waste
and seawater, high capacity windmill parks,
and highways for bikes. A decade ago Co-
penhagen embarked on a very ambitious
journey of becoming the first carbon neutral
capital by 2025.
Even for a front-runner city like Copen-
hagen, the extra mile is neither easy nor
cheap. “To reach this goal we have identi-
fied 14 target areas and plan to invest DKK
2.7 billion (EUR 362 million) by 2025” says
Jørgen Abildgaard, Climate Director for the
City of Copenhagen. In addition the climate
plan needs an investment of DKK 25 billion
(EUR 3.4 billion) by 2025 to be successful.
He explains that private investment must
come onboard to reach these milestones.
“For every krone we invest ourselves, we
need DKK 9 from our utility companies and
DKK 82 from private investors”. He explains
that this model proves challenging when it
comes to buildings, because 95 percent of
the existing buildings are privately owned.
As the city has limited power to enforce
retrofitting, it is left in need of creative solu-
tions.
‘THINKING OUT OF THE BOX’
“Instead, we use our excellent overview of
the buildings. Based on building type and
ownership, we are able to group buildings
suitable for retrofitting, allowing private
owners to tender together on several build-
ings at once, which brings scale and lower
the prices for retrofitting. We help create a
better business case for private owners to
retrofit their buildings, making it a win-win
FINANCING
THE GREEN CITY
Ambitious climate plans are often designed to be good investments for cities in the long run.
While the cities make considerable upfront investments in these plans, private investments often
play a crucial role as well. In Copenhagen, the climate plan requires that for every 1 DKK invested
by the city, 80 DKK come from private investors. With limited powers of enforcement what initiati-
ves are cities taking to incentivize private investment?
W

Issue #5 · 2013 | 19
Smart lighting 3%
ESCO financing 3%
Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 from bus
and/or light rail operations 4%
Building performance and reporting 7%
Building codes and standards 8%
Renewables on into energy generation 9%
LED / CFL / other luminaire technologies 12%
Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 from
motorized vehicles 15%
Energy efficiency / retrofit measures 21%
Sydney $800.000
Sao Paulo $1,400,000
Toronto $1,950,000
Atlanta $2,000,000
Houston $3,600,000
Berlin $4,161,000
Las Vegas $6,287,000
Washington, DC $6,300,000
Los Angeles $13,000,000
Municipal emissions reduction actions focused on efficiency
% of actions. Only the most common actions are shown, altogether 20 types of actions
Reported annual energy efficiency savings
By city ($USD). Chart shows energy efficiency projects for which cities reported quantifiable financial savings.
Source: Carbon Disclosure Project, 2013, C40 Cities
54%

situation for building owners and the city”
says Abildgaard.
Copenhagen is a good example of how cit-
ies often catalyze the private investments
needed: by making the ambitions of climate
plans good business for both the city and
the investors. “We have to remember that
retrofitting for example is often already
a good business case. If cities can make
it even better by using their assets in new
ways, it should be a no-brainer” says Abild-
gaard.
Other cities use similar thinking to nurture
investments in privately owned buildings.
In San Jose, California, a GreenPoint rating
system was introduced to green 4.5 million
square meters of buildings by 2025. In Sao
Paolo, the city granted USD 1.2 billion (EUR
880 million) in building rights for additional
floor space on top of existing buildings, to
avoid the inefficiencies of urban sprawl.
Tokyo created the most advanced cap and
trade system for buildings, contributing
to the city’s goal of cutting CO2 emissions
by 25 percent. In New York, buildings are
benchmarked against each other and are
required to publicly disclose their energy
use. Amsterdam’s Green Lab is a public-
private partnership with the city’s financial
sector, academia and local government
stakeholders cooperating to finance the
green transition of the city. Additionally, as
a part of the climate plan, the city created
The Amsterdam Investment Fund with of
EUR 70 million capital available for loans to
sustainable projects in the city.
FOCUS ON THE INDUSTRY
Kalundborg, Denmark, is known for their
‘Symbiosis’ –using waste streams from one
company as input to production for others.
There, industry accounts for 71 percent
of the energy used and 41 percent of CO2
emissions. To reach the GHG reductions in
the city’s climate plan, industry is needed .
Per Møller, Project Manager, Kalundborg Mu-
nicipality shares his experience, “In the City
of Kalundborg we spend a lot of time with
the companies to understand their busi-
ness. The general overview we get from
this, helps to develop new forms of com-
pany cooperation”. With a CO2 emission re-
duction goal of 20 percent by 2020, this city
is focusing on collaboration with industry.
“By facilitating a process of better coopera-
tion between companies, we ensure both
green growth and lower emissions. This ap-
proach is required if the aim is to reach large
emission reduction targets, largely through
commercially viable investments by private
companies” says Per Møller. The collabora-
tion model in Kalundborg ensured 277.000
tons of CO2 cuts in 2008 alone.
THE GREEN CITY GUIDES
C40 reports that 62 percent of actions
taken to cut GHG emissions by its member
cities have also made green projects more
attractive for businesses. Cities’ role as “cli-
mate heroes” are often to set clear carbon
reduction goals, and to bring change by fa-
cilitating the private investments and seed-
ing a new mindset. “It’s great when cities
can actually be climate heroes and at the
same time make good investment cases for
investors. This is what green growth is really
about,” concludes Abildgaard.
OECD FACTS (2012)
Greening urban spaces in C40
cities is estimated to be 3 tril-
lion USD.
• The global infrastructure
needs are huge and estimate
to require 40 trillion USD or
2,5% of the global GDP per
year in road, rails, electricity
and water.
• The congestion charges cost
the city of London 244 mil-
lion USD and bring anannual
GHG emissions reduction of
120 tones.
• A solar center station in
Seville cost the city 41 mil-
lion USD and saves the cityof
110 tones of GHG emissions
annually.
OECD (2012):
There are several existing
financial instruments that cities
apply to attract private finance
for urban green infrastructure:
• Private sector involvement
in urban green infrastructure
can take the form of public-
private partnerships (PPPs),
in which the long-term risk
is transferred to the private
sector. This can be the
example of retrofitting gov-
ernment buildings through
an ESCO project.
• Through tax increment
financing, as an alternative
instrument for future tax
revenues is used to attract
private finance.
• Real estate developers may
also pay for the infrastruc-
ture that is needed to con-
necttheir new development
to existing infrastructure in
the form of development
charges (impact fees) and
value capture (taxes that
capture the value increases
ofreal estate due to new
infrastructure development
nearby).
• Finally, loans, bonds and car-
bon finance are instruments
used to attract private
finance in well-functioning
capital markets.

Issue #5 · 2013 | 21
Source: Carbon Disclosure Project, 2013, C40 Cities
Emissions reduction actions that will make cities more attractive to business
% of actions. Only the most common actions are shown, altogether 27 types of actions were reported.
62%
Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 from bus and/or light rail operations 4%
Waste prevention policies or programs 4%
Transportation demand management 5%
Green space and/or biodiversity preservation and expansion 6%
Recycling or composting collections and/or facilities 7%
Improve accessibility to public transit systems 8%
Improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 from motorized vehicles 10%
Infrastructure for non-motorized transport 11%
Energy efficiency/retrofit measures 13%

CLEANURBANDEVELOPMENTMATRIX
CITIES are increasingly the new epicentres
of the green transition. Targetting solutions
to cities are hence a key priority for many
cleantech solution providers. But cities are
not just cities. We take a closer look at four
archetypes with very different needs and
challenges.
FUTURE
GREEN CITIES
UNFOLDED
“Affordable Green”
They need very cost efficient sus-
tainable infrastructure and energy
solutions to cope with their massive
population growth.
Illustration:
BENNY BOX
“Smart Cities”
Cities leading cleantch devel-
opment with climate plans
leading to ambitious CO2
reduction targets.
Estimated annual population
growth to 2025
Lagos 500,000
Karachi 400,000
Delhi 300,000
Share of renewable energy
(country level)
Copenhagen 19%
Vancouver 17%
Melbourne 4%
Yearly CO2 emission reduction
Copenhagen 6.5%
Vancouver 2.5%
Melbourne 5.5%

Issue #5 · 2013 | 23
“LeapFrog Cities”
Cities with the capital to invest and
infrastructure needed to leapfrog to
state-of-the-art cleantech.
“Eco-Evolution Cities”
World metropolitans seeking
green development and able to
catalyze economies of scale in
cleantech
Estimated GDP growth
2010-2025
Beijing 399%
Guangzhu 292%
Shanghai 342%
Sao Paolo 108 %
GHG emission
metric tonnes
New York 53 million
London 44 million
Tokyo 61 million
GDP
Growth
Population
Growth

Manufacturers interested in recycling their excess industrial heat have long
been confronted with practical and financial barriers. But now an energy part-
nership in the Danish Capital Region has managed to reach an agreement that
can warm up a whopping 50% of Frederikssund city’s homes while saving the
environment from 6,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 2.5 tons of mono-nitrogen
oxides. The process took a lot of time and ingenuity – and some extra taxes.
HARNESSING
THE HEAT OF
INDUSTRY
Photo:MinistryofTransport

Issue #5 · 2013 | 25
s a manufacturer of cata-
lysts that reduce air pollu-
tion and energy consump-
tion worldwide, the Danish
company Haldor Topsøe A/S had long
had its eye on the pollution-reducing
potential of the excess heat generated
by its own factory in Frederikssund.
But until recently, it had been im-
possible to harness that heat. And so
every year, massive amounts of ‘free’
energy had simply gone to waste.
Haldor Topsøe’s Technical Director
Vegard Hetting admits that this waste
of energy is not exactly in the spirit of
the company.
“We’ve wanted to do something
about this problem for years,” he says.
“Every year we do what we can to re-
duce our own energy consumption,
and even though our production has
increased, our energy consumption
per unit of product has been falling-
steadily for the past five or six years.
Moreover, we have an agreement with
the Danish Energy Agency to carry
out any energy-saving project with a
payback time of less than four years.”
A HEATED BUSINESS
Making catalysts is a heat-intensive
business. One of the hottest manu-
facturing steps is a spray-drying pro-
cess used to extract a substance called
alumina from a solution of 20% solid
matter and 80% water. To transform
the alumina slurry into a fine powder
that can be used by other production
units,thespraydryerstakeinatotalof
30,000 m3 of very hot (700 degrees C)
air per hour and leave behind a cloud
of water-saturated air with a tempera-
ture of 125 degrees C.
Part of this byproduct is used by the
company itself to heat up its buildings.
But once this heat has been extracted,
there’s still a cloud of damp air with a
temperature of about 75 degrees C to
be dealt with.
“Until now, we’ve just been sending
it through a glass tube heat exchanger
to cool it down,” says Vegard. “But we
would much rather see the heat being
used by someone else.”
And that heat could certainly be
put to good use. On a yearly basis, the
excess heat from Haldor Topsøe A/S
represents some 30-35 GWh. That’s
enough energy to heat up about 1,700
single-family homes for a year – or
half of the 3,500 households in the
cityof Frederikssund.
UP THE CHIMNEY
Meanwhile, the local district heating
company E.ON had been looking for
new, stable alternatives to the heat
created by its gas boilers. Pairing up
E.ON and Haldor Topsøe A/S would
seem to be an obvious, win-win solu-
tion, and both parties had in fact been
trying to find common ground for
years. But doing that wasn’t as simple
as it sounds.
The main problem was that E.ON
needed a higher outflow temperature
than Haldor Topsøe could deliver. An-
other problem was the Danish tax sys-
tem.
By law Danish manufacturers are
required to pay a 38% tax on the sale
of their excessheat. This law is actu-
ally about to change (see box) – but it
has long been a barrier for many busi-
nesses interested in this type of agree-
ment, says industry sector executive
Hans Peter Slente of The Danish En-
ergy Industries Federation.
“Transferring heat from one place
to another requires some invest-
ments,” he notes, “and to make these
investments profitable, the tax needs
to be reduced. Otherwise, businesses
will just continue letting their fires go
up the chimney.”
Despite the tax burden, Haldor
Topsøe A/S was prepared to move for-
ward on the project – if the tempera-
ture problem could be solved. And
it finally was, thanks to E.ON’s own
evolving technology. Adjustments and
improvements made in the company’s
district heat distribution system at
last enabled them to reduce the tem-
perature requirement for the hot wa-
ter they needed from Haldor Topsøe
A/S.
“On really cold winter days, we will
have to raise the temperature a
bit, but it’s not a problem that
SOLUTIONS
A
More cleantech
solutions and infra-
structure underway
in the Danish Capital
Region.

can upset the project,” Vegard Hetting
says.
The company is now busy establish-
ing the infrastructure that will trans-
fer their excess heat to E.ON’s district
heating network. Once the heat-shar-
ing project takes effect in December, it
will save the environment from 6,000
tons of carbon dioxide and 2.5 tonsof
nitrogen oxides.
A HUGE DIFFERENCE
E.ONhasalsomadesomeinvestments
related to the long-awaited connec-
tion. But the plant’s managing direc-
tor Henrik Rasmussen, who is also
chief operating officer of the Danish
E.ON organization, expects that the
new arrangement with Haldor Topsøe
A/S will soon pay for itself.
“The new setup provides significant
benefits and is a sound investment for
both parties,” he says. “Going forward,
it will also make our heat production
even more environmentally friendly
than it is today. We are extremely
pleased with this solution.
”Apart from the fact that excess in-
dustrial heat is less expensive than
many other energy sources, the agree-
ment will also make a huge difference
to E.ON’s to heat supply. According to
Henrik, the heat from Haldor Topsøe
A/S will represent about 50 percent of
the total heat production at the E.ON
plant.
Having an additional source of heat
also gives the plant an extra produc-
tion option to supplement its exist-
ing gas-fired boilers, gas engines and
electrical boilers. Dependingon short-
term market conditions, the plant can
now choose between four different
production methods to provide cus-
tomers with the least expensive form
of energy at any given time.
“All in all, it means a more stable
business for us, with a large, predict-
able supply of heat and stable prices
that will enable us to retain exist-
ing customers and attract new ones,”
Henrik says.
Henrik is hesitant to predict how
the new agreement will affect the av-
erage heating bill of his customers.
An analysis of the project by the en-
gineering consultancy firm COWI,
however, puts the potential savings at
about 300 euro per year for the owner
ofa 130 m3 home with a yearly heat
consumption of 18,1 MWh.
THE POWER OF EXAMPLE
Henrik Rasmussen and Vegard Het-
ting agree that the partnership be-
tween their two companies is an ex-
ample with great potential for others.
Another strong believer in the power
of this example is Frederikssund’s Di-
rector of Planning, Environment and
Business Claus Steen Madsen.
“This is a fantastic example of how
two businesses have been able to work
together as neighbors to find a mutu-
ally beneficial solution. It’s a great
story that paves the way for others,”
he says. “The role of our municipality
must be to showcase these stories and
possibilities, bring parties together
and facilitate new partnerships.”
“I also believe that this type of sym-
biosis has potential not only for large
companies but for small and medium-
sized ones,” Claus adds.
Before coming to Frederikssund,
Claus Steen Madsen worked with the
idea of industrial symbiosis for many
years in the Danish municipality of
Kalundborg (see box), and he believes
it can help define how businesses and
society in general will operate and
survive in the future.
GREAT POTENTIAL
One thing appears to be certain: there
is a great, immediate and untapped
potential for symbiosis when it comes
to using excess industrial heat in dis-
trict heating systems. Especially in
view of the fact that over 60% of all
Danish households have district heat-
ing, making Denmark a world leader
in this area.
Hans Peter Slente of the The Dan-
ish Energy Industries Federation ex-
plains the specifics:
“A number of analyses point to a
significant potential for utilizing ex-
cess industrial heat. A conservative
estimate puts the unused potential in
Denmark at between 1,388 and 2,222
GWH, corresponding to the yearly
heat consumption of 70,000 – 110,000
households.
“Whether or not a manufacturer
can sell the excess heat from produc-
tion depends on many factors, includ-
Private-public partnership discussions
underway at Haldor Topsoe Park & Vinge,
Frederikssund.
Photo:MunicipalityofFrederikssund)

DANISH PARLIAMENT WILL PROMOTE THE
USE OF EXCESS HEAT
By 2015, the 38% tax on the sale of ex-
cess industrial heat could change be-
cause of a new ‘growth package’ adopted
by the Danish parliament last April. As
part of the package, a yearly fund of 15
mio EURO was established to promote the
usage of excess industrial heat. It is un-
certain whether the money will be used
to offset lost revenues if the tax is abol-
ished or reduced. An analysis of how to
make better use of excess industrial heat
is expected in 2015, and specific steps
will not be taken until the analysis is re-
leased. The The Danish Energy Industries
Federation is lobbying to lower or com-
pletely remove the tax. Meanwhile, Claus
Steen Madsen of the municipality of Fred-
erikssund suggests a new tax structure
in which the highest taxes are levied on
waste products that cannot be recycled.
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS:
FROM WASTE TO RESOURCE
The energy-sharing between Haldor Top-
søe A/S and E.ON is an example of what’s
known as industrial symbiosis – a collabo-
ration in which waste products from one
industry become valuable resources for
another. But the potential for this type
of waste-sharing is not limited to excess
heat. The first example of industrial sym-
biosis involves many other kinds of waste
products as well. Since 1961, the project
known as Kalundborg Symbiosis in the
Danishmunicipality of Kalundborg has
evolved into an intricate network of flows
between public and private companies in
which organic waste becomes fertilizer,
smoke becomes gypsum, yeast slurry be-
comes animal fodder and so on. Other ele-
ments in this network can include steam,
dust, gases, heat or any other waste
product that can be physically transport-
ed from one enterprise to another.
Learn more at www.symbiosis.dk/en
ing heat temperature, the size and
proximity of the local district heating
plant and seasonal differences in the
amount of excess heat that is gener-
ated,” he adds.
MORE GROWTH IN FREDERIKSSUND
Back in Frederikssund, there’s also a
potential for further growth, thanks in
part to thenew partnership between
Haldor Topsøe A/S and E.ON.
“Our new source of heat enables
us to expand our capacity and deliver
heat to new customers and new neigh-
borhoods,” says Henrik Rasmussen.
“We are following the general proce-
dure for this kind of project, and the
development will take some time.
”This could dovetail nicely with
production plans at Haldor Topsøe
A/S, where the turnover will increase
significantly in the coming years. The
manufacturingplantinFrederikssund
currently consists of eight production
units, and a ninth is under construc-
tion.
Whetherthiswillmeanmoreexcess
heat deliveries to E.ON will depend on
whether Haldor Topsøe A/S is able
to use the heat for its own purposes.
Technical Director Vegard Hetting’s
first priority is to seek out ways for the
companytore-useitsownwasteprod-
ucts.
But whatever the case, it’s a safe
bet that in the future there will be a
lot less excess industrial heat from
Haldor Topsøe A/S going up a useless
chimney.
Issue #5 · 2013 | 27

NEW FACILITY FOR WASTEWATER THREATMENT
THE COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH REGION
FIVE EXAMPLES OF GREEN BUSINESS THINKING
1
PROJECTS
On the 8th of October Kalundborg opened
its newest research, test, and demonstra-
tion facility at Kalundborg Utilities, where re-
sidual streams from industry will be cleaned
through the activity and of selected micro-
algae.
The algae facility is a showroom for new
innovative technologies that can reduce
water consumption and costs in
wastewater treatment. The pro-
ject has brought together the wa-
ter sector and chemical industry,
as well as a number of technol-
ogy providers within production of
new biomass and in pre- and post-
treatment of residual streams,
biomass and freshwater. By show-
casing the entire “food chain” of
related industries in a innovative
wastewater treatment concept,
individual companies and spin off
consortia can get a unique and
early access to new markets, with-
in e.g. sustainable biomass pro-
duction, water technologies and
eco-efficient process optimization.
On the opening day the first pre-
selected microalgae were pumped
into the large-scale reactors in
front of an audience of partners,
industry and cleantech repre-
sentatives. The photo-bioreactors
are designed to track the sun
thereby allowing the algae to grow
most efficiently on natural sun-
light. A mixture of air and CO2 is
introduced from below to ensure
gentle but through mixing of nutrients and
algae, to balance pH, at the same time, driv-
ing the liquid flow via an “air-lift effect”. In
the process microalgae are removing and in-
corporating e.g. nitrogen, phosphorous and
CO2-related carbon leading to a cleaning of
the freshwater resource and creating added
value through the production of a higher
value renewable biomass resource (e.g.
plant oil, protein, carbohydrates, enzymes
and pigments).
“Realization of this test and demonstration
facility in Kalundborg is mainly based on
funding through the EU-FP7 project E4WA-
TER but very important also through the
pro-active involvement of Kalundborg Mu-
nicipality, and Kalundborg Utilities and their
dedicated staff. Kalundborg Utilities have
allowed the construction of the facility on
their premises. We owe much of the open-
ness and willingness to engage in this type
of innovative projects to the unique coop-
erative spirit in the Kalundborg Symbiosis”,
says Project Manager Per Møller from Clus-
ter Biofuels Denmark, a cluster organization
under the Municipality’s Development De-
partment in Kalundborg.
The test and demonstration facility will
gradually scale up activities over the next 12
month. The E4WATER project will run for an
additional 3 years, but already on October
1st a new GUDP project (FIMAFY) on dewa-
tering technologies and fish feed production
has been added to a list of planned new ini-
tiatives, in the pipeline. In the Water Bio So-
lution Concept partners and new companies
are entering into test and demonstration
activities of wastewater treatment in the
facility and new product design. Per Møller
says, “We are hoping that new partners can
see this project as an opportunity to test ex-
isting products and also to co-develop new
design to support this method of utilizing
micro-algae in going commercial solutions”.
Kalundborg opens algae facility for a resource efficient wastewater treatment. A
microalgae based research, test, and demonstration facility equipped with ten 4m3
photobioreators, has emerged at Kalundborg Utilities to clean industrial residual
streams rich in nutrients.

Issue #5 · 2013 | 29
One of the key challenges to reaching the ambitious
2020-climate goals of the Danish government is solv-
ing the problem of how to store the excess energy from
large offshore windpark farms. When excess energy is
produced by wind-turbines, a risk of imbalance in the
overall electricity grid occurs. What if we could store
wind power and use it when we need it? What if we could
have wind power on demand?
E.ON, a major energy company, has built a large facility
in collaboration with the grid system owner, Energinet.
dk, which enables storage of excess wind energy. A large
cylinder filled with water and a boiler element is con-
nected to the grid and when the windmills are producing
too much energy, driving the price of electricity down,
E.ON turns on the boiler element heating up the water.
This enables a better balance within the energy grid.
WIND POWER ON DEMAND
2
“Giant thermos jug”
stores and provides “wind
power on demand” in the
Frederikssund district
heating system.
Photo:MunicipalityofFrederikssund

PROJECTS
One of the greatest challenges in our so-
ciety is aging populations. By 2020, the el-
derly will be a significantly larger proportion
of the population in western cities. Elderly
need adequate care and support in their dai-
ly lives, with tasks such as washing clothes,
cleaning, and grocery shopping, etc. In the
case of washing clothes, the processes are
energy and water consuming – two resourc-
es that are becoming increasingly scarce.
On the peninsula of Hornsherred, Zealand,
there is a whole new approach to sustain-
ability in eldercare services. Providing their
services in eleven municipalities on Zealand,
Trasbo, a major provider of eldercare ser-
vices, radically reinvented and rebuilt their
workflow and business processes. Through
the rebuilt it significantly lowered energy
and water usage and eliminated the use
of chemicals. For over 40 years, Trasbo has
had a great focus in improving services for
elderly by offering best in class services in
Denmark. These include an environmental
friendly approach to resources leading the
path to greener social services
CLEANTECH ACHIEVEMENTS
AT TRASBO
• Reduced water usage from 34L to 6L pr.
kg washed clothes
• 60% reduction in the annual energy
consumption
• New environmentally friendly fleet of
cars
GROWING CITIES CALL
FOR MORE CLEANTECH IN
SOCIAL SERVICES
4
The streetlights in Copenhagen are worn down and require a lot of unneces-
sary maintenance. Lampposts all over Copenhagen are therefore being replaced
with environmentally friendly LED lighting. Since 2011, the Municipality of Copen-
hagen has put up 8.500 new environmentally friendly lampposts, and this has
already had a positive effect on the power expenses and the climate account.
“With the new street lighting, we will reduce our consumption of electricity and
our carbon emission by 50 percent. At the same time better light increases the
safety of the streets. 8.000 lamp posts will be replaced, and in the next few years
another 20.000 street lamps will be substituted with new lamps,” says Ayfer
Baykal, mayor of technology and environment.
The new lampposts will altogether give a power-spending cut of almost 10 giga-
watt hours a year, which reduces the power consumption and carbon emission
by 50 percent from 2010 to 2016.
It is Copenhagen’s ambition to be the first carbon-neutral capital in 2025. As
street lighting makes up about 15 percent of Copenhagen’s municipal power
consumption the replacement of all streetlights will be a considerable contribu-
tion towards reaching the goal.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY STREET
LIGHTING ALL OVER COPENHAGEN
More than 8.500 of the iconic streetlights in Co-
penhagen have now been replaced, and in the next
few years another 20.000 will be replaced. This will
reduce the street light power consumption and
carbon emission by 50 percent.
3

Issue #5 · 2013 | 31
5
Scion DTU’s emphasis on test and demonstration facilities does
not come out of the blue. Reports show that test and demonstra-
tion of products is one of the highest priorities for Danish cleantech
companies, in order to keep product development and commerciali-
zation on track. Furthermore, the companies point out that there is
a need for more facilities and a strong framework. Accommodating
the increasing demand for facilities where tested or demonstrated
products become part of a larger system. Especially for SME’s this
increasing testing products is a costly affair.
DEVELOPING AND MAPPING FACILITIES
Scion DTU address this development by facilitating better access to
the growing amount of facilities in Denmark. The facilitation is put
into action by the webportal, Cleantech Facilitator. Whether you are
looking for the most advanced and innovative test and demonstra-
tion facilities for offshore wind energy, globally approved water test-
ing facilities, or a demonstration partner from the scientific field in
Denmark, the Cleantech Facilitator is a good place to start.
In addition Scion DTU is launching a network aiming to establish a
more coherent supply of test and demonstration facilities and to
foster business relations, thereby strengthening Denmark’s position
as a world leading lab for green technologies.
For more information see www.cleantechfacilitator.com
HANDS-ON FOCUS
A new Green Entrepreneur House with hands on focus on concept
and prototype development was officially launched in September.
The house offers green start-ups business consultancy, mentoring,
lab-facilities and it bridges the gap between entrepreneurs and the
world leading test and demonstration facilities at DTU Risø Campus.
Scion DTU is the lead partner of the project, which is a result of a
strong partnership within business development, network creation,
prototyping incubation environments, and between entrepreneurs
who are working with green solutions.
For more information please see www.dgih.dk
STATE-OF-THE-ART TEST AND DEMONSTRATION FACILITIES
As Denmark push the limits of green technologies to be competitive and to main-
tain a position of cleantech first mover, an extensive range of test and demonstra-
tion facilities plays a vital part. That is when it comes to innovating, developing and
deploying the cleantech solutions of tomorrow. Scion DTU is addressing this need
with a broad range of activities.

Climate adaptation: The City of New York is ready to invest almost 20 billion dollars
to protect the city against climate changes and provide green infrastructure for the
future. At the same time the city wants to learn from Copenhagen. This provides big
market potentials for Danish companies. But how should the big apple be approached?
After Sandy:
NEW YORK LOOKS
FOR INSPIRATION IN
COPENHAGEN

Issue #5 · 2013 | 33
he flooding and damages in
New York after the hurri-
cane Sandy has accelerated
the American focus on new
climate adaptation solutions to avoid
similar catastrophes in the future.
Sustainable buildings and manage-
ment of huge water masses are but a
few of the areas the city is looking out
for. The American needs for new solu-
tions provide remarkable market po-
tentials for Danish companies.
HUGE INVESTMENTS
According to a city plan presented by
NYC mayor Michael Bloomberg in
June 2013, New York is ready to invest
almost $ 20 billion (112 billion Danish
Kroner) to protect the city from hur-
ricanes, rising sea levels and warm
summers. At the same time New York
looks to other cities for collaboration
and partnerships, not least Copenha-
gen, which is highly respected for its
climate solutions and heading the C40
Green Growth Network.
MAYORS´ MEETING
In January Lord Mayor of Copenha-
gen and Mayor Michael Bloomberg
of New York City had an official meet-
ing where they discussed visions and
solutions within the field of climate
adaption for both New York City and
Copenhagen. The purpose of this
strong political partnership was to
build more concrete projects benefi-
cial for both cities.
The Mayor dialogue was followed
in May with a study trip to New York
spearheaded by the Confederation of
Danish Industries (DI), Copenhagen
Municipality and the Copenhagen
Cleantech Cluster with assistance
of the consultancy firm of Quercus
Group. The purpose was to iden-
tify New York’s most pressing needs
within energy and climate adaptation
technologies, hereby gaining insight
into which central gaps that Danish
core competences can fill out and how
Danish companies can approach the
market in New York.
EIGHT FINDINGS
On the basis of more than 20 meet-
ings and interviews with companies,
organisations and high level officials
from New York City a number of key
findings and recommendations were
revealed. “ The trip confirmed that
Danish core competencies are highly
relevant within eight areas of climate
adaptation and green infrastructure
in New York, most particularly within
“water” and ”buildings”, comprising
storm water protection and manage-
ment, coastal protection, building re-
siliency and energy efficiency”, states
Special Advisor Tue Robi Jensen, DI.
Other areas of high relevance are;
smart grid solutions, waste manage-
ment and hot water based district
heating as well as decentralized power
back up solutions. “Furthermore New
York showed special interest in inte-
grated solutions in general, e.g. “com-
plete streets” and intelligent build-
ings”, Robi Jensen points out.
HOW TO ENTER
In spite of Denmark´s core compe-
tences in all these areas it is not easy
for Danish companies to enter the
New York market. The study high-
lights a number of barriers for enter-
ing the market. “New Yorkers tend to
want to make their own solutions and,
as a general rule, you have to establish
both a name and contacts at high level
to get access to the market”, says CEO
Nicolai Sederberg Rottbøll, Quercus
Group. On this background the study
revealed a number of entry recom-
mendations for Danish companies:
Entering partnerships with local com-
panies, establishing physically in the
city to build up network and trust, get-
ting approved on the city’s pre-quali-
fication list and providing integrated
solutions rather than single solutions.
OFFICIAL MATCHMAKING
Several official events are being
planned to forge closer links between
the two cities and establish green
partnerships. DI hosts a conference
on the 23. of October,where high level
U.S. representatives will talk to Dan-
ish companies about the U.S. plans
and needs at both the federal level,
state level and city level. Subsequent-
ly, a matchmaking conference in New
York will take place in the spring of
2014, where Danish and American
companies and key actors meet to dis-
cuss business and green partnerships
in concrete terms.
NEW YORK´S NEEDS FOR
DANISH CLIMATE ADAPTATION
EKSPERTISE:
1. Storm water protection and
management - buildings and
streets
2. Coastal protection - espe-
cially near coast protection,
not offshore
3. Buildings - resiliency, building
supply and energy efficiency
4. Smart grid solutions - col-
laboration, consortium and
education
5. Waste management - e.g.
recycling, waste to energy
and gasification
6. Hot water based district
heating – instead of steam
based solutions
7. Power back up - decentral-
ized back up solutions
8. Integrated solutions in gen-
eral - e.g. “complete streets”
Source: Quercus Group
HOW TO ENTER THE
NYC MARKET:
• Entering partnerships with
local companies
• Establishing physically in the
city to build up trust and
fame
• Getting approved on the
city’s pre-qualification list
• Providing integrated solu-
tions rather than single
solutions
T
Photo:MichaelBocchieri

34 | Copenhagen Cleantech Journal34 | Copenhagen Cleantech Journal
growing number of cities around the world are
establishing ambitious goals for the reduction of
their carbon footprint, and thus surpassing cli-
mate related targets set by national governments.
However, there is a significant challenge with bench-
marking environmental goals set by cities. This is due to the
fact that the setting up GHG emissions reduction targets
differs from city to city. The lack of plausible and scalable
data is a challenge when comparing city climate plans and
carbon reduction targets on a like-for-like basis.
Toputitupverysimply;ifyoudon’tknowwherethemost
of GHG emission in your city are coming from, your won’t
be able to create powerful climate action plans. A guiding
principle for this activity is the mantra of the chairman of
C40, the mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg - “If you
can’t measure it, you can’t manage it”
At Siemens we experienced the varying data quality at
firsthand. In cooperation with the Economist Intelligence
Unit, we carried out a benchmark analysis of more than 120
cities around the world. Completing the Green City Index
was, in most cases, no easy task due to the differing avail-
ability and quality of data.
A Green City Index
The overall aim of the Green City Index was to measure and
rate leading cities around the world through approximately
30indicatorstouchingonawiderangeofenvironmentalar-
eas –from energy and water consumption to air quality and
GHG emissions. One of the goals for creating such unique
comparison was to motivate cities to learn from each other
through best practice sharing.
In order to provide a scalable platform for cities we start-
ed a new collaboration with the Cities Climate Leadership
Group (C40). The partnership has two pillars: a technical
partnership focused on greenhouse gas (GHG) measure-
ment and planning, and a global prize competition to high-
light excellence in urban sustainability.
A
BY
Kurt Othendal Nielsen
City Account Manager
at Siemens Copenhagen
Cities:
“IF YOU CAN’T
MEASURE IT, YOU
CAN’T MANAGE IT”
CITIES around the world become
inspired by best practice while
learning from each other’s mea-
surement and ratings.

Issue #5 · 2013 | 35
“THE GREEN CITY INDEX
MOTIVATES CITIES”
The Initiative will support joint problem solving by peer
cities that are currently working to develop GHG emissions
inventories and climate action plans and can benefit from
sharedapproachestodatacollection,analysis,andstrategic
planning.
The second pillar is the C40 Climate Leadership Awards.
This comprehensive award recognizes city innovation that
accelerates city actions to combat the sources and impacts
of global climate change. Awards are granted annually in
ten categories and provide global recognition for cities that
are demonstrating climate action leadership.
Cities’ Best Practice
An independent, seven member judging panel consisting
of former city Mayors, architects and representatives of
the World Bank, C40 and Siemens selected the award final-
ists and winners. Among others, the former Lord Mayor of
Copenhagen, Ritt Bjerregaard was the jury member, which
selected Awards 2013 winners.
Competition results are pretty impressive. Twenty-nine
cities from Tokyo to Mexico City representing a total of 37
projects across the ten categories have been nominated as
2013 finalists. The ten city award winners were announced
at the beginning of September at the awards ceremony at
the Crystal in London.
Copenhagen was on the spotlight as the city won the
Carbon Measurement & Planning category with its project
CPH 2015 Climate Plan for its aim to become the first car-
bon neutral capital city by 2025. On that day Lord Mayor
Bjerregaard put this prestigious city’s recognition in the
right perspective by saying: “All, the city council and many
inhabitants of Copenhagen really see Copenhagen as a
forerunner on climate change. So when we are looking for
solutions we are going to find them in cities.”
Andjustbeforethe2014CityClimateLeadershipAwards
competition is about to be launched, it makes the right oc-
casion to reflect on the importance of joining forces in mak-
ing significant progress in tackling global climate change.
Green City Index’s seven key les-
sons to become a greener city:
• Good Governance needs to start
at the metropolitan level, so city
autonomy is key.
• A Holistic Approach, recognizing
that categories are linked to each
other.
• Wealth is important, but policies
matter more –simple steps can
make a difference.
• Civil Engagement is key, because
the citizens are the end users of any
initiative.
• Technology is the way forward and
implementation can drastically
improve any city.
• Green and brown go hand in hand,
a good environment will influence
quality of life.
• Informal sector inclusion remains a
key aspect, especially in developing
cities.

Citizens’ Footprint
What is the GHG footprint?
The greenhouse gas emissions
of any activity for which the
footprint is accounted for, also
beyond the boundaries of an
organization or a city.
Illustration:
Rasmus Juul

Issue #5 · 2013 | 37
Climate impact is often expressed through a single output indi-
cator like greenhouse gas emissions and energy use. While such
single indicators are essential indicators to measure progress,
they sometimes limit the scope of ratings.
Considering consumption-related
GHG emissions and citizen lifestyles
helps to broaden the picture of carbon
emissions in cities. Susanne Krawack
comments “We did a study on four
Danish families, a family with two kids
living in a flat in Copenhagen owning
one car, a student living in a dormi-
tory, an affluent couple approaching
retirement and owning three cars,
and again, a family of four with a car.
The last two families were living in
houses. We found out that their foot-
print varies from 13 to 33 tones of
CO2 emissions per year, which is rela-
tive to their financial status. But, air
travels and eating meat is what splits
them, and in these cases, it largely
was the cause of a higher footprint”.
Ms. Krawack is Chief Consultant at
CONCITO, a Danish think thank that
provides analysis and information on
the best low-cost transitions toward
a climate-neutral society in Denmark
and elsewhere.
Urban citizens can have a large impact
onclimatethroughtheirlifestyle,even
when they have a low impact from
an energy or production perspective.
Krawack explains, “It is certain that
people living in urban places have a
lower direct energy consumption, be-
cause they live in closer, often smaller
spaces and with easy access to public
transportation. In Denmark, the car-
bon footprint of energy consumption
accounts only for 25 percent, leaving
the remaining 75 percent to lifestyle
consumption.”
“Even if cities reduce their energy
impact to zero by renewable sources,
there is still a greater share, which
is the lifestyle consumption of their
citizens, and that’s very difficult to
predict in climate reduction targets”,
states Susanne.
Accounting for the citizen’s footprint
can be challenging. It varies largely
according to city infrastructure and
population density. It also depends
heavily on what is produced within
the city. Even within the borders of a
single city, the differences are surpris-
ing.ForexampleinToronto,acitizen’s
footprint differs enormously depend-
ing on where they reside, in an inner
city neighborhood the average annual
emissions are 1.3 CO2 tons, compared
to 13 CO2 tons in a suburb.
Cities and its citizens have a vital role
in reducing their footprint and impact
on the climate, therefore, it’s essential
to also take a closer look into lifestyle
consumption of inhabitants.
IT IS POSSIBLE to divide the
combined greenhouse gas
emissions of the entire world
(50 billion tons of CO2e) by
the global GDP, resulting in
emissions of approximately
1125 g/Euro. This corre-
sponds to the 7.5 tons per
world citizen, and if this is ap-
plied to the Danish GDP/citi-
zen, the resulting emissions
amount to 33 tons/Dane. This
is thus a very simple model, in
which emissions are directly
proportional to financial con-
sumption.
(CONCITO, 2010)

JAIME LERNER was elected Mayor of Curitiba in 1971
and re-elected two more times.
Lerner has won a number of awards including the United
Nations Environment Award (1990); Child and Peace
Award from UNICEF (1996); World Technology Award for
Transformation (2001); the Prince Claus Award; and the
Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture.
Lerner is principal of Jaime Lerner Associated Architects.
Jaime Lerner shares his vision
“What brings life to a city are its citizens. The better the quality of life
of the city, the better it will be for its citizens and the more livable and
lively it will be. I see cities not as problems, but as solutions”
JaimeLernerArquitetosAssociados
CITIES ARE SOLUTIONS
I would argue that any city with a vision could be trans-
formed in a relatively short period of time, in less than
three years. The more generous the vision of a city is, the
sounder the equations, and the more good practices multi-
ply. Then, the more rapidly a city’s vision constitutes gains
in quality of life. Only when we understand cities’ struc-
tures for living, working, moving together, then we can
work more effectively. In some cases, we have to start with
what I call “Urban Acupuncture,” small interventions that
can bring new energy to a city. These interventions provide
assistance during the process of long-term planning. We
have to understand that applying innovation is about mov-
ing fast while leaving room for ideas to be improved, be-
cause sometimes, solutions need improvement over time.
A SUSTAINABLE EQUATION
Sustainability is an equation between what we save and
what we waste. A lot of people are talking about new
materials, or new sources of energy, or wind turbines, or
recycling. They are really important, but not enough in
isolation. We can be more effective when working with the
concept of the city. It’s through a holistic approach to cities
that we can have better results. Understanding cities as a
collective dream is fundamental. Building that dream is
vital. Without it, there won’t be the essential involvement
of its inhabitants. It is crucial for successful projects that
the majority of the population commits to it.
WHEN SUSTAINABILITY STARTS
As far as sustainability concerns, we identi-
fied three fundamental issues that are key to
quality of urban life: sustainability, mobility
and socio-diversity. In Curitiba we started ap-
plying some key tenets for cities: using less cars,
and separating organic and recyclable garbage.
We started at schools, teaching children during
six months on how to separate their garbage. And
afterwards, the children taught their parents. In fave-
las, back in 1989, we also exchanged garbage backs for bus
tickets and football tickets. Since 20 years, Curitiba has the
highest separation rate of garbage in the world: 70 percent.
In terms of mobility, giving priority to public transport
and use all modes available in the best and most efficient
way is key. When we came up with the first bus rapid tran-
sition system in the world, in 1980’s, we didn’t have money
for a complete new fleet. Then, we said to the private
sector, we will invest in the itinerary and public infrastruc-
ture, as long as you invest in the fleet. They agreed and we
paid them by kilometer, without any subsidies. The system
pays itself. I also believe that “private” vehicles without
private ownership, for example sharing car schemes, will
increasingly play a larger role in urban commutes.
To make this happen you need creativity. If you want
creativity, cut a zero off your budget. If you want sustaina-
bility, cut off two. If you want solidarity, make your identity
count while respecting diversity.

Issue #5 · 2013 | 39
CLEANTECH IS ALL
ABOUT COLLABORATION
SO LET’S MIND EACH
OTHER’S BUSINESS

DENMARK has a long tradition for producing and devel-
oping clean energy and environmental technologies, so-
lutions and businesses. Alongside this tradition a robust
ecosystem around sustainability has emerged. Dan-
ish universities have a strong focus on environmental,
climate and energy research, our businesses produce
many strong global brands within cleantech and the
regulatory framework in Denmark is supportive of green
and sustainable ways of thinking and doing.

AS A RESULT the Danish cleantech industry generates
just over EUR 40 billion in revenue a year and employs
120,000 people. No other country in the world exports
more cleantech relative to GDP than Denmark.

THE COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH CLUSTER (CCC) is at
the heart of the cleantech ecosystem in Denmark with a
mission to foster cooperation between cleantech com-
panies, research institutions and public-sector organi-
sations. We facilitate partnerships, build test & demo
facilities, boost innovation and entrepreneurship, host
events, conduct analyses, support internationalisation
activities and much more to underpin our goal of becom-
ing the most innovative cleantech cluster in the world.

FROM THE OUTSET, CCC has sought a strong inter-
national outreach. As the initiator of the International
Cleantech Network, we work closely with like-minded
clusters in Germany, Austria, Singapore, the U.S.A, Italy,
Norway, France, Spain and many other international
partners.

THROUGH OUR international network, we can introduce
Danish cleantech stakeholders to companies and uni-
versities outside the region. We can also bring you closer
to the cleantech players in the greater Copenhagen re-
gion and beyond.
COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH CLUSTER is looking forward
to introducing you to our unique cleantech community!
FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT
WWW.CPHCLEANTECH.COM
COPENHAGEN CLEANTECH CLUSTER
NØRREGADE 7B
DK-1165 COPENHAGEN V
DENMARK
T: +45 33220222
INFO@CPHCLEANTECH.COM
CPHCLEANTECH.COM
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