The document discusses future challenges facing cities including population growth, resource constraints, climate change, and their interactions. It notes that over 70% of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2050 and cities face challenges around food, water, energy security, health, and climate change. The document outlines rising global temperatures, sea level rise, extreme weather events, and crop failures as impacts of climate change. It advocates for smart, secure, and sustainable cities through innovation, investment, and transformation to address these challenges through approaches like circular economies, low-carbon vehicles, and prioritizing people over cars.

1. 14th
July 2015
Smart, Secure and
Sustainable Cities India,
Windsor
Future Cities: Innovation, Investment and
Transformation.
Professor Sir David King
UK Foreign Secretary’s Special Representative for Climate Change
Chair, Future Cities Catapult, UK

2. Total Population of the World in Billions
Source: IIASA
Middle Class*
*Middle class here
defined as daily per
capita spending of
between $10 and $100
in PPP terms

3. 21st
Century Challenges
Conflict
and
terrorism
Water
resource
Energy security
and supplyHealth and
development
Food production
Climate
change
Ecosystems
Minerals
Population – the
driver
Conflict
and
terrorism
Water
resource
Energy security
and supply
Food production
Climate
change
Ecosystems
Minerals
Demographics – the
driver

4. 2008 >50%
2050 >70%

5. GLOBAL URBAN
GROWTH

6. MGI Commodity Price Index (years 1999-
2001=100)
Source: McKinsey Global Institute 2011

7. Crude Oil Price versus Crude Oil Production
from 1998 to present
Source: Murray, J. and King, D. (2012) Oil’s Tipping Point has Passed, Nature, Volume 481, 433-435

8. Sea Level and Temperature Measurements
Source: Met Office & Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Liverpool

9. Cumulative total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from
1870 (GtCO2)

11. Risk of fatal heat stress

12. Risk of Crop Failure (Rice)

13. Probability of exceeding 4°C

14. Change in Return Period
of present 100-year flood event
Data extracted from Hallegatte et al. (2013)

15. Traffic

18. “Circular Economy”
Source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation

19. Low Carbon Vehicles
Source: Gordon Murray Designs

20. Energy & Urban Density
D. Lam & P. Head (Arup) in O.R. Inderwildi & D.A. Kind (Eds.), ‘Energy, Transport & the Environment, Springer 2012

21. People vs. Cars: Bogota
Source: Courtesy of Enrique Penalosa

22. VariaLift Airship

23. THANK YOU
If you’d like to know more about our work:
Visit our website
futurecities.catapult.org.uk
Follow us on Twitter
@FutureCitiesCat
Contact us directly
info@futurecities.catapult.org.uk

24. 15
20
25
30
35
40
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Gigatonnesp.a.
Forecast
Required path

25. David King, John Browne, Richard Layard, Gus O’Donnell,
Martin Rees, Nicholas Stern, Adair Turner