Oral rehydration solution and oral colonic lavage solution

1. Oral Rehydration Solutions
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement
used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially that due to
diarrhea. It involves drinking water with modest amounts of
sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. Oral
rehydration therapy can also be given by a nasogastric tube.
Diarrhea is a normal body response against noxious or toxic
substance e.g., Rotavirus, E. coli.
Diarrhea is characterized by an ↑ frequency of loose watery stools.
Loss of fluid during diarrhea results in loss of Na+, K+ & HCO3 -.
1. Replace the lost fluid & electrolytes with an oral rehydration
solution to avoid dehydration.
2. These are OTC products effective in patients with mild volume
depletion of 5 – 10% of body weight.

2. Composition of oral rehydration solution
The active absorption of glucose in the smooth intestine
promotes:
 Absorption of Na+, which promotes anion (X-)
absorption,
 NaX absorption promotes H2O absorption.
Therefore, the composition of oral solution is:
1. Glucose: 110 mM ≈ 2% w/v.
2. Na+: 60 mEq/L.
3. HCO3
- & /or citrate to correct blood acidosis.

3.  A typical oral rehydration solution contains:
1. 45 mEq Na+,
2. 20 mEq K+,
3. 35 mEq Cl-,
4. 30 mEq citrate,
5. 25 g of dextrose per liter.
 These formulations are available in liquid or powder/ packet
form for reconstitution. E.g. Peditral®

4. ORAL COLONIC LAVAGE SOLUTION
Traditionally, preparation of the bowel for procedures
such as a colonoscopy
PEG-3350 236.00 g
Sodium sulfate 22.74 g
Sodium bicarbonate 6.74 g
Sodium chloride 5.86 g
Potassium chloride 2.97 g
a large volume of this solution can be administered
without a significant change in water or electrolyte
balance
The formulation of this oral colonic lavage solution is as
follows:
In 4,800 mL disposable container
The recommended adult dose of this product is 4 L of
solution before the gastrointestinal procedure

5. SODIUM CITRATE AND CITRIC ACID ORAL
SOLUTION
 This is an official solution contains
1. sodium citrate 100 mg
2. citric acid 67 mg in each milliliter of aqueous solution.
 The solution is administered orally in doses of 10 to 30 mL.
 Systemic alkalinizer for patients with uric acid and cystine
calculi of the urinary tract.
 useful as adjuvant when administered with uricosuric agents in
gout therapy because urates tend to crystallize out of an acid
urine.