This document discusses cognitive science and artificial intelligence (AI). It provides definitions and explanations of key topics including cognitive theory, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Cognitive science is defined as the interdisciplinary scientific study of the mind and its processes, focusing on how information is represented, processed, and transformed. The relationship between cognitive science and AI is explored, with AI being used both to augment human thinking and to understand human cognition. Applications of cognitive science and AI discussed include digital assistants, drones, wearable devices, and automated call center systems.

1. Cognitive (Science
& AI)
Saboor Ahmed Awan
Batch# 2011-12

2. Interest development
• Masters in Cognitive Artificial intelligence
• Hot research area
• Utilizing a multi-million dollar investment in technology
and science to understand and solve different
dimensions of the human side of your most critical
problems

3. Topic coverage
• Artificial intelligence
• Cognitive
• Cognitive theory
• Cognitive science
• Cognitive neuroscience

4. Cognitive and AI as Umbrella
• It utilizes our prior knowledge of followings topics for
cognitive & AI
• Knowledge base
• Expert system
• Image processing
• Data mining
• Human behaviors
• Robotics
• Multiprocessing, multitasking, etc

5. Cognitive theory
• It means thinking and awareness
• Cognition is the process by which the sensory input is
transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and
used. In science, cognition is the mental processing that
includes the attention of working memory,
comprehending and producing language, calculating,
reasoning, problem solving, and decision making.
Various disciplines, such as psychology, philosophy and
linguistics all study cognition.

6. Cognitive science
• Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the mind and its
processes. It examines what cognition is, what it does and how it works. It
includes research on intelligence and behavior, especially focusing on how
information is represented, processed, and transformed
• The term "cognitive" in "cognitive science" is "used for any kind of mental
operation or structure that can be studied in precise terms" (Lakoff and Johnson,
1999). This conceptualization is very broad, and should not be confused with how
"cognitive" is used in some traditions of analytic philosophy, where "cognitive" has
to do only with formal rules and truth conditional semantics.
• focusing on how information is represented, processed, and transformed (in
faculties such as perception, language, memory, reasoning, and emotion) within
nervous systems (human or other animal) and machines

7. Cognitive science
• “... One major contribution of AI and cognitive science to psychology
has been the information processing model of human thinking in
which the metaphor of brain-as-computer is taken quite
literally. ." AAAI Web pages.

8. Cognitive neuroscience
• Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned
with the scientific study of biological mechanisms
underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural
substrates of mental processes and their biological
manifestations. This field addresses the question of how
psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the
neural circuitry. Artificial Intelligence is defined as the the
study of intelligent agents, which is a system that
perceives its environment and takes action which
maximize its chances of success.

9. Relationship b/w cognitive and AI
• AI can have two purposes. One is to use the power of computers to
augment human thinking, just as we use motors to augment human
or horse power. Robotics and expert systems are major branches of
that. The other is to use a computer's artificial intelligence to
understand how humans think. In a humanoid way. If you test
your programs not merely by what they can accomplish, but how
they accomplish it, then you're really doing cognitive science; you're
using AI to understand the human mind
• - Herbert Simon: Thinking Machines, from Doug
Stewart's Interview, June 1994, Omni Magazin

10. Applications
• Reboots
• Drones to deliver goods (amazon use to deliver books via drones)
• Wearable devices
• Wrist bangles to control crimes in West
• Natural language processing
• Siri (iPhone app)
• Cortana (Microsoft Siri)
• Answering machine in call centers, first level support

11. References
• http://aitopics.org/topic/cognitive-science
• http://cognitivescience.sandia.gov/