introduction to business management in horticulture in Pakistan

1. Business management in Horticulture
B. Sc (Hons) 8th semester.
Horticultural Sciences.
Department of food and Agriculture sciences.
Karakorum International University.

2. Theory
 Introduction and importance of horticultural
enterprise.
 Classified business management for fruits,
vegetables and ornamental crops,
 National and international marketing channels.
 Market demand and quality control.
 Export prospects, Procedure/documentation for
import and export.

3.  International standards and product handling for
export.
 Processing industry and marketing of value
added commodities.
 Pricing, policy and market regulations.
 Global trade and Pakistan, Opportunities and
challenges.

4. Book recommended
1. Meena, R.K. and J. Yadev. 2001. Horticulture Marketing
and Post-harvest Management. Pointer Publisher, Jaipur,
Rajisthan.
2. Raju, M.S.S. 2002. Fruit Marketing in India. Daya
Publishing House, Delhi, India.
3. Fellows, P. and A. Rottger. 2005. Business management
for small-scale agro-processors.
4. Labaste, P. (Ed). 2005. The European Horticulture Market;
Opportunities for Sub-Saharan African Exporters. The
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ the
World Bank, Washington D. C.
5. Business management for small-scale agro-processors.
Author= Peter Fellows and Alexandra Rottger.

5. Business management:
1. Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling
business activities.
2. Aims to achieve specific goals and objectives
3. Coordinates and oversees various aspects of a business
4. Includes production, marketing, finance, and human
resources.
5. Ensures efficient and effective operations
6. Involves decision-making, policy-setting, and resource
allocation
7. Takes into account factors such as competition, market
trends, and customer needs
8. Ultimate goal is to maximize profits and increase long-
term sustainability of the business.

7. In reference to horticulture sector:
 Business management in horticulture involves
planning, organizing, directing, and controlling
horticultural enterprise activities in Pakistan
with the aim of achieving specific goals and
objectives.
 It involves coordinating and overseeing various
aspects of horticultural production and
marketing in Pakistan, such as crop planning,
production techniques, harvesting, storage,
transportation, and sales, to ensure that they
operate efficiently and effectively.
 Rakaposhi dry fruit and young farmers.

8. • Business management in horticulture in
Pakistan also involves making decisions,
setting policies, and allocating resources to
achieve horticultural enterprise objectives
while taking into account factors such as
market demand, quality control, pricing,
policy and market regulations, and global
trade opportunities and challenges.
• The ultimate goal of business management
in horticulture in Pakistan is to maximize
profits and increase the long-term
sustainability of horticultural enterprise,
which is an important sector of the
economy in Pakistan.

9.  In Pakistan, horticulture is a major contributor to the
agricultural GDP and a source of livelihood for
millions of people, especially in rural areas.
 The horticultural sector in Pakistan includes fruits,
vegetables, and ornamental plants, and has a
significant potential for growth and development.
 Effective business management practices in
horticulture in Pakistan can help increase
production, improve product quality, enhance
marketing strategies, and increase profitability for
growers, exporters, and processors.

10.  Business management in horticulture in
Pakistan also involves complying with
national and international standards and
regulations, which can help improve
product quality, increase market access,
and enhance competitiveness in the global
marketplace.

11. Horticultural sectors
1. Fruit and Vegetable Production
2. Floriculture and Ornamental Plants
3. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
4. Nursery and Landscape Industry
5. Herbs and Spices
6. Greenhouse and Controlled Environment
Agriculture (CEA)

12.  Importance of Fruit and Vegetable
Production:
◦ Fruit and vegetable production plays a crucial
role in ensuring food security and improving
nutrition for communities worldwide.
◦ According to the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), fruits and vegetables are
essential components of a healthy diet,
providing vital nutrients, vitamins, and
minerals.
◦ The World Health Organization (WHO)
recommends a minimum daily intake of 400
grams of fruits and vegetables per person to
prevent chronic diseases.

13. These fruits and vegetables capture a major share in production
and export of horticultural crops. Production trends in citrus, dates,
mangoes, onions and potatoes. Comparatively, potato production
reflects a clear increasing trend. Relatively, a stable trend can be
viewed in the production of dates as well.
Horticultural
produce
Average
production (2001-
2008) thousand
tonnes
Citrus 2077
Dates 529.3
Mango 1885.9
Onions 1747.5
Potato 2968.7
(Agriculture Marketing Information Service, 2020)

14. Citrus, mangoes, and dates are the main fruit crops while
onions and potatoes are the main vegetables which
contribute substantially to the national income. Pakistan
stands among top ten producers and exporters of mangoes,
citrus fruits and dates. Onions and potatoes are exported as
well as imported(GoP, 2020; UNFAO, 2019; Haleem et al.,
2005).

15.  Cultivation Methods:
◦ Conventional Farming:
◦ This traditional method involves the use of
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, along with
standard agricultural practices such as tilling
and crop rotation.
◦ Organic Farming:
◦ Organic methods avoid synthetic chemicals
and prioritize natural inputs like compost, crop
rotation, and biological pest control. This
approach caters to the growing demand for
organic produce.

16. ◦ Hydroponics: Hydroponic systems grow
plants in nutrient-rich water without soil,
using mineral nutrient solutions. This method
offers precise control over plant nutrition and
allows cultivation in limited space.
◦ Vertical Farming: Vertical farms utilize
stacked layers or vertical towers to grow crops
indoors, using artificial lighting and controlled
environments. This approach maximizes space
utilization and reduces water consumption.

17. Step
Following are the steps involved
required to manage and design a
business:
Planning production
Managing finances
Inventory management
Managing people
Managing equipment
Managing quality