labor migration in BD and related others matter.........

1. LABOR MIGRATION IN BANGLADESH
Sohanur Rakib
Dept. of Geography and Environmental Science. Begum Rokeya
University, Rangpur

2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To know about migration and labor migration.
To know the role of labor migration in our economy.
To know the about employment and human
resources .
To know about the possibilities of labor migration of
Bangladesh.
To know about the problems and recommendation of
labor migration of Bangladesh.

3. SNAPSHOT
• Methodology
• Aim and objective
• Introduction
• Migration
• Factors affecting
migration
• Major two push – pull
factors
• Types of migration
• Labor migration
• Causes of labor migration
• TYPES OF LABOR
MIGRATION
• The role of labor migration
for socio-economy of
Bangladesh
• Internal labor migration
• Labor migration into different division
of Bangladesh
• ROLE OF INTERNAL labor
MIRATION of Bangladesh ECONOMY
• major products export from
Bangladesh and contribution to GDP
• What is international Labor Migration
?
• The rule of labor for economic
development is highlighted by the
following factors
• Importance of international labor
migration
• Strategy of labor migration
•
• Top ten countries of migrant overseas
workers from Bangladesh, 2014
• World Labor migration from
Bangladesh into different country
• Remittances In million US
dollar(1990-2018)
• Laws related to migration of
Bangladesh
• Obstacle of labor migration
• Findings
• Recommendation
• conclusion

4. METHODOLOGY
Source of data
•Books
•Internet
Representation
of data
•By Picture
•By Graph
•By map

5. INTRODUCTION
• Introduction:
Migration has become one of the primary concerns of various countries of the
world. In the context of existing potential of manpower and the constraint to
local employment opportunity, overseas employment is now considered as an
obvious development alternative of economic emancipation and
empowerment for Bangladesh. It has become an added advantage
particularly for poverty alleviation of women in Bangladesh. International
migration of manpower has in recent years emerged as the most important
issue in the development discourse in Bangladesh. Remittances from
Bangladeshi migrants have constituted a larger share of the country’s
development budget than foreign aid. Thus, migration is now considered as
important livelihood strategy for the people of Bangladesh.

6. MIGRATION
Migration can be describe as the movement of people from one part of a country to
another or from one country to another.
“Migration as the movement of a person or persons from one place to another involving
a permanent move of home for over one year”
(United nation)
“Every act of migration involves an origin, a destination and an intervening obstacle”
(Lee, 1966)

7. FACTORS AFFECTING MIGRATION

8. MAJOR TWO PUSH – PULL
FACTORS
Push
unemployment
Lack of safety
Lack of services
poverty
Crop failure
drought
War, civil unrest
hazards
isolation
Pull
Employment
Safer atmosphere
Better services
Greater wealth
Fertile land
Good food
Less risk of
disaster
Political security
Friends and family

9. TYPES OF MIGRATION
Natio
nal
seaso
nal
perio
dic
Rural
to
urban
Urba
n to
rural
Rural
to
rural
Urba
n to
urban
intra
urban
Intern
ationa
l
Emigr
ation
Immig
ration
Interr
egiona
l
Interc
ontine
ntal
Gross
or
mass
ExampleExample

10. LABOR MIGRATION
• Labor migration is the process of shifting a labor force from one physical location
to another.
• The labor migration takes place with the support of labor force
“Labor migration is generally defined as a cross-border movement for purpose of
employment in a foreign country”.
( International Organization For Migration )

11. CAUSES OF LABOR
MIGRATION
Increase
of
income
rate
New job
seekers
causes
Improve
standard
of life
Emerge
nce of
new
industry
Facilities
given to a
new area

12. TYPES OF LABOR MIGRATION
National /internal
It refers within the
country
International /external
It refers outside the
county
TEMPORARY
LABOR
MIGRANTS
People who migrate
for a limited period of
time in order to take
up employment and
send money home
Highly skilled
and business
migrants
People with
qualifications as
managers executives
professionals
technician or similar
Another two

13. THE ROLE OF LABOR MIGRATION FOR
SOCIO-ECONOMY OF BANGLADESH
 Transmission of Culture
 Reduction of Violence
 Change in Family Structure
 Improvement in Social Infrastructural
Development
 Improvement of Social Status
 Improvement in Living Standard
 Developed in Human Attitude
 Political Participation of Migrants
 Political Impact of Remittance on
Family Level
 Poverty Reduction
 Capital formation
 Change in Social Values
 Livelihood Strategy of Poor
 Unemployment and Source of Foreign
Exchange
 Impact on Domestic Savings

14. INTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION
A person, who is to be engaged, is engaged, or has been engaged in a remunerated
activity in a area of which he or she is a national.
Types of internal labor migration in
Bangladesh
Permanent Semi-permanent Seasonal

15. LABOR MIGRATION INTO
DIFFERENT DIVISION OF
BANGLADESH

16. ROLE OF INTERNAL LABOR MIRATION OF
BANGLADESH ECONOMY
The major contribution of internal labor migration of Bangladesh is RMG(readymade
garment).
• Content 18% of GDP
• 4.2million people are involve in RMG
• Economic empowerment
(80% are women)
• 75% export products are RMG products

17. MAJOR PRODUCTS EXPORT FROM
BANGLADESH AND CONTRIBUTION
TO GDP
Rmg, 75.65
Frozen food, 4.22
jute goods, 2.6
lather, 2.19
chemical product,
1.77
raw jute, 1.21
agriproducts, 0.72
tea, 0.06
others,
11.56
Source : BGMEA

18. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION ?
• International labor migration is progressively more significant feature of
international, regional and national economies.
• The United Nations defined a migrant worker “a person who is to be engaged, is
engaged, or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a State of which he or
she is not a national” (UN Convention, 1990).

19. THE RULE OF LABOR FOR ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IS HIGHLIGHTED BY THE
FOLLOWING FACTORS
Basis of Consumption
Basis of Production
Basis of Exchange
Basis of distribution
Basis of economic growth

20. IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR
MIGRATION

21. STRATEGY OF LABOR MIGRATION
Arrangement of skill training
Launching of entrepreneurship development
Linkage with financial institution / bank
Counselling to the returning migrants
Exploring business opportunities
Assistance in remigration
Information dissemination and awareness campaign

22. TOP TEN COUNTRIES OF MIGRANT OVERSEAS
WORKERS FROM BANGLADESH, 2014
105,748
87,575
54,750
24,232 23,378 20,338 16,640 13,627 10,657
5,93811.00% 7.40%
0.20%
95.80%
0.50%
99.00%
72.10%
0% 0.10%
30.60%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Oman* Qatar* Singapore United Arab
Emirates*
Bahrain* Jordan Lebanon Iraq Saudi Arabia* Mauritius
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Migrant overseas workers from Bangladesh, 2014
Number of labor migrants Share of female labor migrants
Source: BMET

23. World Labor migration from Bangladesh into
different country

24. TOP TEN REMITTANCES FLOWS FROM HOST
COUNTRIES TO BANGLADESH, 2014
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Saudi
Arabia*
United Arab
Emirates*
United
States of
America
Malaysia Kuwait * United
Kingdom
Oman* Bahrain* Singapore Qatar*
Remittances in million US$ Share of all remittances
Source: BMET

25. REMITTANCES IN MILLION US
DOLLAR(1990-2018)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Source : Bangladesh bank

26. Remittance
Country
Bank
Family
Development of
country
Human Capital
(education and health
care, reduction of child
labour)
Physical Capital
(Micro-enterprises,
property and purchase
of machinery)
Financial capital
(savings and
investments)

27. LAWS RELATED TO MIGRATION OF
BANGLADESH
The overseas employment
and migrations act, 2013.
Immigration ordinance,
1982.
The offences under the law
will be included in the
mobile court act 2009 for
quick disposal ( within 4
month )

28. OBSTACLE OF LABOR MIGRATION
Low wages
Duration of working hours
Safety problems
Political crisis
Unskilled labor
Illegal migration and insufficient services

29. FINDINGS
Increase human resource.
Increase employment
Increase women empowerment
Decrease remittance rate last few years
Lack of training opportunities
Illegal migration
Lack of in information

30. RECOMMENDATION
Information on legal migration cost
Minimum wages in different countries
Facility and problems of migration in various countries should be analysis
Legal channel of migration
Training opportunities an requirement for job
Cost and benefits analysis of migration
Checking of papers from EMET ( Bureau of manpower employment and training )

31. CONCLUSION
• Migration worker can play a pivotal role in the development of human resourses with
appropriate competence level.
• Remittances play a crucial role in pushing the Bangladeshi economy.
• To achieve the target of faster national development ,it is important to analyze and
explore the potential of labor resources.
• It needs special emphasis to dedicate more public funds to skill development.to meet the
future demand for skill training it is essential to encourage governmental organization
,private sector and NGO in a big way in the vocational training field
•