Chapter 1.pptx
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This chapter discusses different types of antennas used for radiating or receiving radio waves. It introduces wire antennas, aperture antennas, microstrip antennas, array antennas, reflector antennas, and lens antennas. It also explains that for radiation to occur, there must be a time-varying current or acceleration of charge. Current distribution on antennas is also examined through simulation.
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
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model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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Chapter 1.pptx
- 1. Chapter I - Antennas Eng. Ihab Hassoun SMART ENGRZ
- 2. Introduction • Webster’s Dictionary as “a usually metallic device (as a rod or wire) for radiating or receiving radio waves.” • The IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for Antennas (IEEE Std 145– 1983)∗ defines the antenna or aerial as “a means for radiating or receiving radio waves.”
- 3. Introduction
- 4. Types of Antennas • Wire Antennas • Aperture Antennas • Microstrip Antennas • Array Antennas • Reflector Antennas • Lens Antennas
- 5. Radiation Mechanism It simply states that to create radiation, there must be a time- varying current or an acceleration (or deceleration) of charge.
- 8. Simulation
- 12. Chapter I - Antennas Eng. Ihab Hassoun SMART ENGRZ
Editor's Notes
- In other words the antenna is the transitional structure between free-space and a guiding device, as shown in Figure 1.1. The guiding device or transmission line may take the form of a coaxial line or a hollow pipe (waveguide), and it is used to transport electromagnetic energy from the transmitting source to the antenna, or from the antenna to the receiver.
- In summary, an ideal antenna is one that will radiate all the power delivered to it from the transmitter in a desired direction or directions. In practice, however, such ideal performances cannot be achieved but may be closely approached. Various types of antennas are available, and each type can take different forms in order to achieve the desired radiation characteristics for the particular application.
- One of the first questions that may be asked concerning antennas would be “how is radiation accomplished?” In other words, how are the electromagnetic fields generated by the source, contained and guided within the transmission line and antenna, and finally “detached” from the antenna to form a free-space wave? The best explanation may be given by an illustration. However, let us first examine some basic sources of radiation.
- 1. If a charge is not moving, current is not created and there is no radiation. 2. If charge is moving with a uniform velocity: a. There is no radiation if the wire is straight, and infinite in extent. b. There is radiation if the wire is curved, bent, discontinuous, terminated, or truncated. 3. If charge is oscillating in a time-motion, it radiates even if the wire is straight.
- We have accepted that electric field lines start on positive charges and end on negative charges. Magnetic field lines always form closed loops encircling current-carrying conductors because physically there are no magnetic charges.
- a. Infinite length line source (two-dimensional) excited by a single Gaussian pulse and radiating in an unbounded medium. b. Infinite length line source (two-dimensional) excited by a single Gaussian pulse and radiating inside a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) square cylinder. c. E-plane sectoral horn excited by a continuous cosinusoidal voltage source and radiating in an unbounded medium.
- Current distribution on a lossless two-wire transmission line, flared transmission line, and linear dipole.
- Current distribution on linear dipoles.
- Current distribution on a λ∕2 wire antenna for different times.