Fiber optics technology uses glass or plastic threads to transmit data as pulses of light. Starting in the 1850s with experiments transmitting light through curved streams of water, researchers demonstrated that signals could be sent over long distances using fiber. A major breakthrough was made in 1966 when Charles Kao theorized that fiber could carry far more data than copper wires if light loss was reduced. This helped launch the fiber optic communication systems in use worldwide today.
Photonics, the science of light, generates, detects and controls photons, harnessing the power of light energy. We can thank photonics for our flat-panel computers, HDTVs, smart phone displays, fast tele-communications lines, and even laser surgery.
Imagine the looming benefits of personalised medicine, where photonics is used to analyse your genetics and determine your best treatment options. Yes, the future of photonics is bright, pardon the pun, and is highly relevant for any students considering a career in physics.
Targeted at Years 7-10 teachers, this presentation from A/Prof David Lancaster from The University of Adelaide’s Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing outlined the scientific principles behind photonics, how it is being used currently and the problems it could help to solve in the future. Potential career paths and in-class activities were also discussed.
For more information on the event head to http://ow.ly/A369P
Chemistry ppt on magnetic radiation and youngs experiment vishalmhaske13
the powerpoint is about electromagnetic radiation and its types and example with its configuration and also images to identify the different magnetic radiation
It also include its advantage and its disadvantages and uses.
In second topic includes youngs experiment and its uses and derivation and formula
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Photonics, the science of light, generates, detects and controls photons, harnessing the power of light energy. We can thank photonics for our flat-panel computers, HDTVs, smart phone displays, fast tele-communications lines, and even laser surgery.
Imagine the looming benefits of personalised medicine, where photonics is used to analyse your genetics and determine your best treatment options. Yes, the future of photonics is bright, pardon the pun, and is highly relevant for any students considering a career in physics.
Targeted at Years 7-10 teachers, this presentation from A/Prof David Lancaster from The University of Adelaide’s Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing outlined the scientific principles behind photonics, how it is being used currently and the problems it could help to solve in the future. Potential career paths and in-class activities were also discussed.
For more information on the event head to http://ow.ly/A369P
Chemistry ppt on magnetic radiation and youngs experiment vishalmhaske13
the powerpoint is about electromagnetic radiation and its types and example with its configuration and also images to identify the different magnetic radiation
It also include its advantage and its disadvantages and uses.
In second topic includes youngs experiment and its uses and derivation and formula
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
A brief history of fiber optics beginning in the 1840s with the discovery of the ability to direct light along curved water, for use in water fountain displays to today when Amphenol Fiber Systems International is the largest manufacturer of harsh environment cable assemblies in the world.
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
A brief history of fiber optics beginning in the 1840s with the discovery of the ability to direct light along curved water, for use in water fountain displays to today when Amphenol Fiber Systems International is the largest manufacturer of harsh environment cable assemblies in the world.
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopyPreeti Choudhary
Instrumentation of Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy
Discuss the fundamentals and concepts behind Infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
I hope this presentation helpful for you.
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Practical Fibre Optics & Interfacing Techniques to Industrial Ethernet and Wi...Living Online
This manual will provide you with the necessary background to understand the fundamentals of fibre optic systems and their individual components including fibres, cable construction, connectors, splices and optical sources and detectors. Various pitfalls associated with the implementation of fibre optic systems are discussed and workable solutions to these problems are provided. It will provide you with the knowledge to develop the required techniques for design, installation and maintenance of fibre optic systems.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fibre-optics-and-interfacing-techniques-industrial-ethernet-and-wireless-23?id=58
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
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Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
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Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
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Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
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Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
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Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
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Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
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240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdfMadhura TBRC
The teleprotection market size has grown
exponentially in recent years. It will grow from
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compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.2%. The
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2. OBJECTIVES
• Define optical communications
• Present an overview of the history of optical fiber
• Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
optical fibers over metallic cables
• Describe several types of optical fiber construction
• Describe how light waves propagate through an
optical fiber cable.
• Define modes of propagation and index profile
• Describe the three types of optical fiber
configurations
3. W H E R E IT STARTED?
1854
John Tyndall demonstrated to the
Royal Society that light could be
conducted through a curved stream of
water, proving that a light signal could
be bent.
4. TYNDALL’S H I S T O R I C A L E X P E R I M E N T
What was expected
to happen?
What actually
happened?
5. The tank of water had a
horizontal pipe extending out
one side which allowed water
to flow out in an arc to a
collection pan on
the floor
.
A bright light was directed into
the pipe and the light rays
traveled within
the water until they were
broken up by the
turbulence of the water hitting
the collection pan.
6. L I G H T G U I D I N G A P P L I C A T I O N S
• Road Signs
• Endoscopes
• HazardousAreas
• All at Sea
• Communications
7. C O M M U N I C A T I O N S
1880
Alexander Graham Bell invented his
"Photophone," which transmitted a
voice signal on abeam of light.Bell
focused sunlight with amirror and
then talkedinto amechanism that
vibrated the mirror.
At the receiving end,adetector picked
up the vibrating beam and decoded it
back into avoice the same way a
phone did with electrical signals.
However, many things — acloudy day
,
for instance — could interfere with the
Photophone, causing Bell to stop any
further research with this invention.
8. P H O T O P H O N E
• Uses light for the transmission of speech.
• It was atube with aflexible mirror atits end.
• He spoke down the tube and the sound vibrated the
mirror.
• The modulated light was detected by aphotocell
placed atadistance of two hundred meters or so.
• The result was certainly not hi-fi but the speech
could atleast be understood.
9. C O M M U N I C A T I O N S
Kao co-authored aproposal that
would revolutionize global
communications and laythe
groundwork for the internet we
know today
.
Along with collaborator George
Hockham, Kao proposed using
thin glass fibers to transmit data
across long distances, replacing
the bulky copper wires then in
use in telecommunications
10. FIBER O P T I C S T E C H N O L O G Y
• Optic Fiber is the transparent material, along which
we can transmit light.
• Fiber Optics is the system, or branch of
engineering concerned with using the optic fibers.
Optic fiber is therefore used in afiber optic system.
• Fiber is afriendly abbreviation for either
,so we
could say that fiber is used in afiber system.
11. FATHER OF O P T I C A L FIBER
Dr. Narinder Singh Kapany
Coined the term “Fiber Optics in 1956”
12. F IBER S C O PE
• Heel, Hopkins and Kapany- In
1950’sthey experimented with
light transmission through bundles
of fibers. It led to the development
of the flexible fiberscope.
• A fiberscope is a flexible fiber
optic bundle with an eyepiece at
one end, and a lens at the other.
• It is used for inspection work, often
to examine small components in
tightly packed equipment, when the
inspector cannot easily access the
part requiring inspection.
13. PR IN C IPL E OF O P E R AT I O N
• The system is basically very simple: asignal is used to
vary
,or modulate, the light output of asuitablesource
— usually alaser or an LED (light emittingdiode).
• The flashes of light travel along the fiber and,atthe
far end,are converted to an electrical signal by means
of aphoto-electriccell.
• Thus the original input signal is recovered
A simple fiber
optic system
14. B L O C K D I A G R A M
Voltage-to-
Current
Converter
Light Source
Source-to-
fiber
Interface
Signal
Regenerator
Fiber-to-light
detector
Interface
Light
Detector
Current-to-
Voltage
Converter
Source
Destination
15. A D VA N TA G E S OF
O P T I C A L FIBER C A B L E S
1. Wider bandwidth and greater information capacity
2. Immunity to crosstalk
3. Immunity to static interference
4. Environmental immunity
5. Safety and convenience
6. Lower transmission loss
7. Security
8. Durability and reliability
9. Economics
16. D I S A D VA N TA G E S OF
O P T I C A L FIBER C A B L E S
1. Interfacing cost
2. Strength
3. Remote electrical power
4. Susceptible to losses introduced by bending
the cable
5. Specialized tools, equipment and training.
17. E L E C T R O M A G N E T I C S P E C T R U M
Fiber optics used visible light and infrared
18. G E N E R A L S U B D I V I S I O N
• Light is an electromagnetic wave having a
very high oscillation frequency and very
short wavelength.
a.Infrared – Band of light wavelengths that
are too long to be seen by the human eye.
(770 nm to 100,000 nm)
b.Visible Light – Band of lightwavelengths
to which the human eye respond 390 nm
to 770 nm)
c.Ultraviolet – Band of lightwavelengths
that are too short to be seen by the
human eye (10 nm to 390 nm)
19. A N G S T R O M & M I C R O N S
• When dealing with light frequencies, it is common to
use units of wavelength rather than frequency.
• Wavelength is often stated in microns where 1
micron = 10-6 meter (1um) or in nanometers
1nm=10-9.
• When describing the optical spectrum, the unit
angstrom is sometimes used to expressed wavelength
where 1 angstrom = 10-10 meters, or 0.001 micron.
20. N A T U R E OF L I G H T
• Albert Einstein & MaxPlanck
– showed that when light is
emitted or absorbed, it behaves
like an electromagnetic wave and
also like aparticle, called aphoton,
which possess energy
proportional to its frequency.
• Planck’s Law – “whenvisiblelight
orhighfrequencyelectromagnetic
radiationilluminatesa metallic
surface,electronsareemitted”
21. P L A N C K ’ S L A W
Ep= energy of the photon (joules)
h= Planck’s constant= 6.625 x 10-34 J-s
f= frequency of light (photon) emitted (Hertz)
22. O P T I C A L P O W E R
• Photometry – is the science of measuring only light
waves that are visible to the human eye.
• Radiometry – measures light throughout the entire
electromagnetic spectrum
• Optical Power – measures the rate atwhich the
electromagnetic waves transfer light energy.It is
described as the flow of light energy past agiven
point in aspecified time. “Radiant Flux”(J/s)
23. V E L O C I T Y OF P R O P A G A T I O N
• Electromagnetic energy (light waves) travels at
approximately 300,000,000 m/s(186,000 mi/s).
• In free space, velocity of propagation is the same for
alllight frequencies.
• EMW travels slower in material more dense than
free space and that alllight frequencies do not
propagate atthe same velocity.
24. R EF RACTIVE I N D E X
Where:
n = refractive index (unitless)
c = speed of light
v = speed of light in a given
material (m/s)
25. I N D E X OF R E F R A C T I O N
SUBSTANCE Refractive Index
Vacuum 1.0000
Air 1.0003
Ice 1.309
Water 1.33
Ethyl Alcohol 1.36
Magnesium Fluoride 1.38
Glass (fused quarts) 1.46
Glass (crown) 1.52
Sodium Chloride 1.54
Diamond 2.42
27. C R I T I C A L A N G L E
• Minimum angle of incidence atwhich alight ray may
stike the interface of two media and result in an
angle of refraction of 90 degrees or greater
.