1. A Project Presentation On
VISITORS COUNTER
Presented by:
1) REVANASIDDA (4SU19EE017)
2) SIDDESH G S (4SU19EE020)
3) SATISH S H (4SU19EE027)
Project Guide:
PRADEEP K A
Assistant Professor
SDMIT UJIRE
Academic Year : 2021-22
S D M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
UJIRE-574240
2. VISITORS COUNTER
• It is an electronic circuit
• It measures the number of people entering a venue, room, stadium, temples and
other places.
• Counting and recording the number of people is essential now a days for many
purposes
3. COMPONENTS USED
• BC547 NPN Transistor
• 4026 IC
• Resistor(1k,10k,4.7k OHM)
• LDR Sensor
• Common cathode 7-Segment Display
• Breadboard
• Connecting Wires
• Laser Light Emmitter
4. BC547 NPN TRANSISTOR
• BC547 is a Bipolar Junction Transistor.
• It has three terminals named as Emmitter, Base and Collector.
• The BC prefix in the case of the BC547 indicates the semiconductor is made up of
silicon(B), for low frequency(C).
• A small current at its base controls a larger current at collector &
emitter terminals
• The input signal at base is amplified and taken at the emmitter
• The maximum current gain of BC547 is 800mA
• BC547 is mainly used for amplification and switching purpose
5. LDR SENSOR
• It is also know as light dependent resistor (LDR)
• It is a light sensitive device most often used to in divate the an sence of light it
measures light intensity
6. 4026 IC
• 4026 Is a seven-segment counter IC that can be operated at very low power
• It is a decade counter, counts in decimal digits 0-9
• It is used to display numbers on seven segment displays and it increment the
number by one when clock pulse is applied to its PIN 1
7. COMMON CATHODE 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY
• A 7-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying
decimal numerical
• Light-emitting diodes are arranged in the shape of numbers offer an easily
visible display
• In the common cathode display ,all the cathode connections of the LED
segment are joined together to logic “0” or ground
• The individual segments are illuminated by application of a “HIGH” or logic
“1” signal via current limiting resistor to forward bias the individual anode
terminals (a-g)
9. Working of Visitors Counters
• The resistance of LDR1 decreases when the intensity of light falling on it
increases and vice versa.
• In this circuit, the amount of light falling on LDR1 decreases as a person crosses
the entrance/exit gate and his shadow falls on LDR1.
• Consequently the resistance of LDR1 increases to provide a clock pulse to pin 1
of IC1 through transistor T1.
• During this time, LED1 starts glowing momentarily, indicating that someone is
entering or exiting the hall.
• Both IC consists of a Johnson decade counter and an output decoder that
converts the Johnson code into a 7-segment decoded output for driving one
stage in a numerical display.
• When it receives a clock at pin 1, it advances the count on display DIS1 by ‘1.’
Similarly, the count on the display advances by ‘1’ with each person entering
through the gate. When the count reaches ‘9,’ one cycle completes.
10. WORKING
• The light source from the torch is continually hit on the LDR if so the resistance
of LDR is too low and the voltage drop across LDR and ground is less than 0.6V
then
• When a person or an object is passed between the light beams light will not hit
on the LDR so the resistance of LDR becomes high.
• If the voltage across Light Depending Resistor exceeds to 0.6V then
the transistor will ON and start conducting When the transistor is ON, the
potential at point A becomes LOW and when the transistor becomes OFF, the
potential at a will be HIGH.
• As soon as the person crosses the light beam a LOW and HIGH voltage transition
occurs at the point A.
• The Clock pulse given to 4026IC, it will start to count with the clock and display
on 7- segment display 4026 will increment the count when each person enters
the room.
11. ADVANTAGES
∙ Low cost.
∙ Easy to use.
∙ Can be implemented in single door.
∙ Can be used for counting purposes.
∙ Can be used for automatic room light control.
12. DISADVANTAGE
• It is used only when one person cuts the rays of the sensor hence cannot be used
when two or more persons cross the door simultaneously.
• When anybody is inside the room and we need to switch off the power then
we've to do it manually. So, in this case we fail to automatically control the light.
13. APPLICATIONS
∙ For counting purposes.
∙ For automatic room light control.
∙ It can be used at homes and other places to keep a check on the number
∙ of persons entering a secured place.
∙ It can also be used as home automation system to ensure energy saving
• by switching on the loads and fans only when needed.
14. CONCLUSION
• In today's world, there is continuous need automatic appliance will be increase
in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuit that would
ease the complexity of life.
• The theme of this project when merged with certain established technologies
can be quite effective in number of countries like Germany, France & Japan etc.
• This project helps us to control the light of a room automatically and counts the
number of persons/visitors entering and leaving the room.
• By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various
applications such as fans, tube lights etc.
