Dr. Michael Huang became affiliated with the Ocean Policy Research Institute (OPRI) as a Research Fellow from 2018 after serving in the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) in Tokyo. His specialized fields are General Equilibrium Analysis and disaster risk assessment. Dr. Huang is in charge of economic analysis for blue economy and risk assessment of water-related natural disasters. Since 2016, He became an adjunct lecturer for special economic seminars in Faculty of Economics in Toyo University in Tokyo and a resource lecturer for Capacity Building and Training for the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) in the member countries such as Cambodia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Cambodia and Vietnam. He completed the International Development Professional Training Program (IDPTP) sponsored by Ministry of Foreign Affair of Japan. Dr. Huang is a member of the Japan Society of Ocean Policy, Japan Economic Association, Applied Regional Science Conference, and Japan Castle Association.

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Resilient Cities:
What makes resilience?
Michael C. Huang, Ph.D.
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
11 May, 2019

2. 2
Est. in 1986 by founding Chairman of the
Nippon Foundation, Mr. Ryoichi Sasakawa
Individuals, organizations, initiatives that
have best contributed to ensuring inclusive,
accessible and nondiscriminatory participation
in DRR activities for all sections of society.

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1. What is Resilience?
2. Lessons from Japan
3. Disaster risk reduction
4. Pillars for resilience reinforcement

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Response
Recovery
Risk
Reduction
Preparedness
Resilience

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危 機
Risk Opportunity

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The Great Kanto Earthquake (M8.0)
11:58, 1 September, 1923
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Desolation_of_Nihonbashi_and_Kanda_after_Kanto_Earthquake.jpg
Disaster impact
Death and missing 105,385*
People affected 203,733**
Economic losses 600 mil. USD**
Source: *Moroi & Takemura (2004); **EM-DAT
• 87% mortality due to conflagration
• Launch Tokyo overall urban planning

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The Kobe Earthquake (M7.3)
5:46, 17 January, 1995
https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/kobe-earthquake-20th-anniversary-facts-about-devastating-1995-great-hanshin-earthquake-1483786
Disaster impact
Death and missing 5,297
People affected 1,000,136
Economic losses 100 bil. USD
Source: EM-DAT
• 83% mortality due to debris
• Amendment of building code

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The Great East Japan Earthquake (M9.0)
14:46, 11 March, 2011
https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2016/03/5-years-since-the-2011-great-east-japan-earthquake/473211/
Disaster impact
Death and missing 19,846
People affected 368,820
Economic losses 210 bil. USD
Source: EM-DAT
• 92% mortality due to drown,
(65% of it was over 60 years)
• Early warning and evacuation

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The Kumamoto Earthquake (M6.5/M7.3)
9:26 14/ 1:25 16, April 2016
Disaster impact
Death and missing 49 (273)*
People affected 298,432
Economic losses 20,000 mil. USD
Source: EM-DAT; *Cabinet Office of Japan
• 4 times more related deaths
(Stress over physical limitation)
• Damages on cultural heritage

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The 2018 Japan Flood
28 Jun to 8 July
Disaster impact
Death and missing 245
People affected 738,783
Economic losses 1,732 mil. USD
Source: Cabinet Office of Japan
http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/world/2018/jul/09/japan-floods-torrential-rains-kill-at-least-100-two-million-evacuated-101638--2.html
• Emergent evacuation
• Community resilience

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Disaster Risk:
The factors of
(H, E, V)
How to reduce
disaster risk?

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Reduce hazard?
 Pray for a smaller
earthquake?
 Climate change
mitigation
(could take 100 years)
To be more practical…

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Reduce exposure?
Relocation: move to a
safer place
[Feasible for small towns]
To be more practical…

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Reduce vulnerability?
Increase resilience
(stronger building)
Improve capacity
(Reliable response)
The most feasible way

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Self-help (Individual, family, unit)
Mutual aid (Community)
Public aid (Government, intl. aid)
Who’s responsible during disaster?

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Self-
help
70%
Mutual
aid
20%
Public
aid
10%
Disaster response task

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Pillars for resilience reinforcement

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1. Self-help:
• Make your own disaster reduction plan
https://www.mlab.ne.jp/safety/columns_20180403/
Be Ready!
“Tokyo Disaster
Survival Guide”

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2. Disaster review and drill:
• Inability in drill means impossible in reality

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3. Innovative disaster infrastructure:
• Insurance, risk pooling and financing through PPP
(Public-Private Partnership)

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https://prezi.com/9teujhf-je8q/18449/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy
Innovative infrastructure
• AI evacuation direction

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Pillars for resilience reinforcement
1. Self-help:
• Make your own disaster reduction plan
2. Disaster review and drill:
• Inability in drill means impossible in reality
3. Innovative disaster infrastructure:
• Insurance, risk pooling and financing through PPP

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UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
Disaster risk reduction is
everyone’s responsibility

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Thank You.