National sizing survey of korea

NATIONAL SIZING SURVEY
COUNTRY - KOREA
Sayantan Raha
MFT
3D Body Simulation Survey

Anthropometry is the measurement of the dimensions of the body and other physical characteristics. In
Korea the 1st National Sizing survey was conducted in 1979 by Korean Govt. division. The Korean agency
for technology & standards (KATS,1979). At that time, data was collected from 17000 sample individuals
between 6-50 years. A total number of 117 measurements dimension associated with men’s wear,
females wear, brassieres, socks etc. Then Korean Govt. has been presenting a National survey in every
5/6 years. The survey of 1986, 1992, 1997, 2003 & 2010 was established by maintaining sequences.
The Size Korea survey which was conducted in 2010. A total of 14,200 civilians aged 7-69 years
participated in the survey with 139 body and weight dimensions (in cm) measured in 2010. Twenty new
dimensions from In-body measurement were added in 2010 and the data were continuously updated in
Korean standard KSK0051 to KSK0053.
Background

1.A. FIELD WORK PREPARATION –
1.Sizing survey was performed by traditional 2D method using an Anthropometer, somatometer, caliper & tape measure. The 3D
body scan data was collected by Body line scanner, Hamamatsu Co. to obtain good compromise & modernise good fit &
construction of garments in 2003 & 2010 surveys. In modern age, STYKU S100 is the 3D whole body scanning technology used by
Korea to perform a 3D body scan in seconds using just a simple turntable and 3D camera. In only 35 seconds, it extract millions of
measurements with 2mm accuracy and reconstruct the body in 3D form.
2.STANDARDS: All body dimensions were measured by following standards ISO 3635(1981), 7250, 8559(1989) and 15535.
3.PROTOCOLS: Anthropometric protocols demonstrate how a manual anthropometric survey can be conducted. In every
anthropometric survey activity, a team of workers will attempt to ﬁnish the targeted number of measurements per day in order
to achieve their daily goal. Manual measurement takes an average of 40 minutes per subject and the goal is to measure at least
seven people daily. Using the 3D body scanner, it takes about 5–10 minutes per person. A socio questionnaire was held
according such points : 1. Fill out demographic data (name, age, gender, ethnic group), 2. Measure height, 3. Measure weight, 4.
Measure upper body dimensions, 5. Measure lower body dimensions.
STAGE 1 : ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS
STAGE 2 : SIZING ANALYSIS.
STAGE 3 : SIZING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
a) Field work Preparation.
b) Anthropometric Planning.
c) Anthropometric Survey
d) Anthropometric Analysis.

1.A. FIELD WORK PREPARATION (continue)-
4. POSTURES: Standing (ISO-20685), Standing-Arm spread across the body, above the body, in-front of the body, Maximal body
flexion, knee flexion & there are also various seating postures.
5. SCAN SUITS: Any kind of skin tight garments would be used as scanning purpose.
6. TRAINING OF MEASURES: If the anthropometry survey is conducted manually, the survey is to be done using digital methods,
such as a 3D body scanner, then training will be focused on using the sophisticated machine. The training for an anthropometric
survey for clothing purposes is based on ISO 8559/1989, which deﬁnes the terms used for each different body dimension. Under
this ISO standard, there are 49 body dimensions to be measured for a clothing system. These body dimensions are divided into
three groups: vertical length, width and girth.
Fig: Different standing Postures

1.A. FIELD WORK PREPARATION (continue)-
7. PERMISSION: Preparation activities could include getting permission from the authorities, when conducting an
anthropometric survey, the process of preparing paperwork and getting the access from the authorities might involve asking
formal permission from government bodies or agencies. However, once the permission is granted it will be a really good
experience to conduct the anthropometric survey meeting with many people of different walks of life.
8. Calibration & Validation of Scanner: Calibration method examines accuracy, precision & measurements uncertainty factors in
relation to said scanning system.
The validation method proposed a photometric scanner in terms of reproducibility & accuracy. This scanner incorporated a 5-Cam
DSLR system software which capable of managing simulation stereo image capture, image epipolar correspondence, 3D point
clouds & effective model visualization.

1.B. (a) ANTHROPOMETRIC PLANNING:
Anthropometric planning comprises the preliminary study, sample size calculation and ﬁeldwork coordination. The ﬁrst
purpose of the preliminary study is to test the whole process of measuring, to understand the nature of the survey and to
solve any potential problems before undertaking the real anthropometric survey. The second purpose is to take the
measurements needed to calculate the sample size for the anthropometric survey
Initial planning for the anthropometric survey in Korea was accomplished through the joint efforts of the contractor and
representatives of the sponsor at U. S. Army Natick Laboratories in Massachusetts in 2010. It was decided that a sample
size of about 14,000 individuals (including Army) was desirable, and that a pilot study should precede the major data
collection effort by a few months.
They was carried out using a questionnaire developed by University experts & researchers in anthropometry. Finally, in a
depth interviews as a Result - The dynamic anthropometric data appeared, such as range of motion, angle between body
parts, spinal curvature, centre of pressure and so on.
STAGE 1 ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS
STAGE 2 SIZING ANALYSIS.
STAGE 3 SIZING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

1.B. (b) PILOT STUDY:
The preliminary survey can be conducted on a small scale and is usually called the pilot study. The sample size can range
from 30 to 100 people. The main objective is to collect sufﬁcient body measurements to calculate the sample size needed
for the real anthropometric survey.

1.C. ANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEY:
A preliminary study is conducted before the main anthropometric survey, ISO standard 8559:1989 (garment construction and
anthropometric surveys – body dimension) can be used as a guideline for taking body measurements. The tools to be used
include calibrated non- stretchable plastic measuring tapes, height scale with movable head piece, long ruler, elastic 5-meter
tapes and digital weight scale. Since measuring a single subject can take from 20 to 40 minutes. The survey data collected in the
form of categorical (demographic data) and continuous data were screened and stored in a standard format.
Data entry: All the collected data are keyed into software such as SPSS or MS Excel. The usual format is to key in the subject’s
name and data into a row, which is known as a case. The body variables are keyed into the columns. The demographic
information (categorical data): gender, ethnic group, age and geographical area (urban or rural) comes first followed by columns
containing numeric body measurements (continuous data).
Data screening: Data screening consists of examination for data entry errors, missing data or outliers. The entire data set is
filtered to ensure that there are no errors or missing data. Errors can creep in due to mistakes in keying in the data; these can be
rectified by cross-checking with the raw data. Common key dimensions like height, chest girth, bust girth, waist girth and hip
girth, the mean and median values of these data are considered as histogram form & tabulated form.

1.D ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS:
The statistical method generally applied at this. Categorical and continuous data can be analyzed as follows.
Categorical data: To understand the demographic profile of the sample population. Classification to be made often is to divide
the population into gender based subsets, namely male and female. Frequency distribution curves are plotted by quantity and
percentage and results can be illustrated using tables and bar graphs.
Continuous data: It includes calculation of frequency distributions, range, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, coefficient
of variation and Pearson correlation coefficients to determine the interrelationships between the various body dimensions.
Changes of annual growth rate(Fig:2) age from 6 to 20 years of 2010 data. These measurements show
the same growth pattern of Korean women’s body shape. Measurements show that the height, bust,
waist and hip sizes reach near 100% of the adult size at age 16–17. However, as for age 6, 7 and 8, the
height value respectively reaches 74.3%, 76.7% and 80.4% according to 2010 data. The 2010 data show
that the height has a slightly more rapid growth than the 1997 survey. The differences between the
two periods are probably due to different physical activity, eating habits and other factors.
Fig: 2- Annual Growth Rate

1.D ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS: (continue)-Fig: 3-Changes of Growth Curves in both male & female
These reports showed that the puberty stages for boys appear at the age from 9.1 to 12.5
years, while girls reach the stages as early as 10.0 years. The growth stages are highly
correlated to height growth as shown in Fig-3. As shown in the survey results, small
differences in body proportions at birth are continuously multiplied by differential growth
rates up until maturity, after which body shape changes are inﬂuenced by age, quality and
quantity of food intake, exercise and social conditions.
In fig-4 Body size comparison of subjects from 6 to 20 years (2010 data): (a) comparison of
6 surveys shows that the mean height values of 1997 and 2010 are similar;
Fig: 4

1.D ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS: (continue)-
In Fig-5: Body size comparison of subjects from 6 to 20 years (2010 data):
(b) the size changes of women by age (2010 data); (c) the drop value
distribution from 2010 data of Korean women (N = 2978) aged 16 to 70
years .
Fig: 5

1.D ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS: (continue)-
In Fig-6: Canonical coefficients at two age groups: (a) age 16 to 70 years and (b) age 6 to 15 years. Grouping of samples by canonical analysis are
conducted on 60 items in the group of subjects aged 6–15 years and that of 16–70 years. This method of analysis implements two variables:
CAN 1 and CAN 2 corresponding to height and fat levels.
Fig: 6
The group of subjects aged from 6 to 15 years can be divided into three
categories: the 6 to 9 years group, the 10 to 12 years group and the 13 to
16 years group. The results showed first they have a tendency to get
slimmer during their growth, and then it reversed with enlarging breasts,
waist and hips. In the 16 to 70 years adult group, four categories that,
referred of ages 17–25, ages of 25–40, middle aged women of 40–55 and
women over 60. The analysis confirms that young Korean women have a
tendency to be thin and elongated, whereas their torsos and waists get
larger in width during their thirties. Moreover, their size in width get
larger during their forties and fifties but this trend reverses itself, in height
as in width, in their sixties.

a) Size system development
b) Size system validation.
c) Size system designation .
2. SIZING ANALYSIS:
(A) SIZE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: The objective is to divide the sample population into smaller groups composed of individuals
who have similar key body dimensions. The purpose of developing the sizing system is to create sizes for each cluster group that
are appropriate to the individual group’s range. Two important decisions must be made. The first is to estimate the size roll which
will accommodate most of the target population, and the second is to determine which samples go into the cluster groups
obtained from the cluster analysis technique. The goal is to accommodate as many people from the target population as possible
using one size interval. For the development of the sizing system, the following elements have to be calculated: size range, size
interval, size scale and size roll. After the selection of the interval range, the classification profile obtained from the decision tree
analysis is used as a guide to select samples matching the right body size and shapes. Using this profile, the samples are classified
according to the body sizes and shapes. The last step is to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the sizing system thus
developed.

c) Size system designation.
2. SIZING ANALYSIS:
(B) SIZE SYSTEM VALIDATION:
The aim of any sizing system is to enumerate a set of sizes that can accommodate most of the target population, also to validate
the sizing system based on cover factor (%), aggregate loss, and size roll.
Cover factor: For cover factor validation, the percentage of sample accommodated under each body type and each assigned size
is calculated. The sizes that fall below 2% coverage are highlighted. The cover factor should typically range from 65%–80%, that
means sizing system is able to accommodate 65%–80% of the population with the sizes proposed.
Aggregate loss: The next item of validation for the sizing system is fit. For any sizing system, the sizes that are developed are
based on measurements of the actual human body. In other words, the goal of any good sizing system is to produce sizes that are
close to the wearer’s actual body dimensions. This degree of closeness is referred to as goodness of fit. In aggregate loss, first the
Euclidian distance (the distance between actual dimensions and assigned dimensions) is calculated. If the size fits the wearer
well, then the distance from the assigned size to the actual size is said to be minimized.

2. SIZING ANALYSIS:
(B) SIZE SYSTEM VALIDATION: (continue)-
Size roll: Size roll is simply the total number of sizes obtained for a sizing system, from the smallest to the largest, with fixed
intervals between adjacent sizes. The size interval can be the same magnitude across all sizes or it can vary across the size range.
The more sizes, the better the fit, because the assigned sizes will be nearer to the actual sizes. Fewer sizes means the range of
customers that fall into each size is wider and so some will be much farther than others from their actual size; fewer sizes
therefore results in a less efficient sizing system. In terms of practicality and economics for the manufacturer, then, the optimum
size roll should be neither too few nor too many.

2. SIZING ANALYSIS:
(C) SIZE SYSTEM DESIGNATION:
Size designation refers to how each size is identiﬁed on the clothing or the tag. A size designation can be numeric,
alphabetic or graphic. One such method is that of using the standard Mondoform labeling, which employs wordless picture of
key dimensions, in conjunction with the numeric system used in the EN 13402-3 European standard for labeling clothing sizes.
The size labeling is based on key body dimensions used in segregating the population. The purpose of creating this type of
sizing designation is to prevent confusion among consumers by clearly conveying the key measurements on a pictogram.
Figure 7 illustrates one example of how a pictogram size designation might appear on male and female clothing.
Fig: 7
Mondoform labeling of key dimensions for (a) male
size labeling and (b) female size labeling. Units: cm.

a) Sizing system Development.
3. SIZING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT:
KS K 0051(2009):
In KS K 0051(2009), bust and hip measurements are established at intervals of 3 cm and 5 cm for height dimensions ranging from 150cm to
165cm. Body type is classified into three groups according to the drop value between bust girth and hip girth. Type N whose drop value is 6–9
cm, can be defined as the standard (regular) Korean women body type. The General size chart of Korean women in KS K 0051(2009) is shown in
fig-8. The cover rates accomplished in each type according to age groups are shown in Fig-9. Letter codes S, M, L, and XL representing size
ranges of bust girth, waist girth and hip girth in each size code shown in fig-10. Cover rate (%) of each size code S, M, L, and XL in bust and hip
girth, according to age group, is shown in Fig-11. The medium size code is essentially based on subjects in their thirties, and the distribution of
subjects in their twenties is concentrated in the small size section. This sizing system may diminish the efficiency of good fitting. By comparison
with the 1998 data, a review of the key dimensions of 44, 55 and 66 sized subjects shows that waist girth has increased by 2–3 cm. Generally,
the body shape of subjects in their twenties has increased in girth at the levels of waist and hip.
Fig: 8

3. SIZING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: (continue)-
Fig: 9
Fig-9: Cover rate (%) at each body
types & waist type according to age
groups.

3. SIZING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: (continue)-
Fig: 11
Fig-10: Size rage of the bust, waist girth & hip girth in letter codes S,M,L,XL; (a) S,M,L,XL size range of
the bust girth in each size code.
Fig-11: Cover rate (%) of each size code
S,M,L,XL according to different age
groups.
Fig: 10

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