3. Sexual vs Asexual
Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction
Parent 2 1
Gamete
(sex cell)
Present Absent
Offspring Combination of the
characteristic of
parents
Identical
Process Fusion of gametes Cell division (amitosis/
binary fission)
4. Heredity
the process of passing genetic information from
generation to generation genetic information
is in the form of DNA wrapped in chromosome
inside nucleus
5. Human Chromosomes
Chromosomes in
human:
Body cell:
Man: 22 AA + XY
Woman: 22 AA +
XX
Gamete cell :
Man: 22 A + X or
22 A + Y
Woman: 22 A + X
Gamete always have half amount of chromosomes
10. Insect vs Wind Pollinated Flower
Features Insect Pollinated
Flower
Wind Pollinated
Flower
Flower tend to be singly inflorescence
Petals present and
colourful
absent or very
small
Stamen short filament,
anther inside the
flower
long filament,
anther hang
outside flower
Pollen small quantity and
sticky/spiky
large quantities,
light, and smooth
11. Features Insect Pollinated
Flower
Wind Pollinated
Flower
stigma sticky and small,
inside the flower
large and feathery
ovule many few
nectary gland present absent
scent sweet none
picture
Insect vs Wind Pollinated Flower
13. Seed and Fruit Development
Ovary fruit
Ovule seed
Ovum embryo
14. Seed and Fruit Dispersal
Function:
• provides a means of colonising new areas
• Prevent competing for nutrition, water, and
space for living
15.
16. Puberty
Features Male Female
Hormone testosterone
develop male
secondary
characteristic
oestrogen develop
female secondary
characteristic
Behavior
changes
More aggressive,
attracted to girls
more maternal,
attracted to boy
Hair in reproductive organ,
armpit, chest, and
face
in reproductive organ,
armpit
17. Puberty
Features Male Female
Organ
development
• Penis become
larger
• Muscle grow
• Larynx change
in shape
voice deeper
Adam's apple
grow
• Start to
produce sperm
wet dream
• Vagina become
larger
• Breast develop
nipples larger
• Hips broader
• Start to produce
ovum
menarche
19. Male Reproductive System
•Testes (p) / testis (s): play role as gonad
produce testosterone
Produce gametes: sperms
•Scrotum: skin that protect the testes from the
change of temperature.
•Sperm ducts (Vas deferens): carry sperms from
testis to urethra During male sterilisation
(vasectomy) this ducts will cut off and tied.
•Urethra: the organ to carry urine and sperms.
•Penis: muscular organ used to insert sperm to
vagina
21. Female Reproductive System
•Ovaries : play role as gonad
•produce oestrogen and progesterone
•produce gamete: ovum
•Oviducts/ Fallopian tube: Fertilisation happen in
here. During female sterilisation (tubectomy) this
ducts will cut off and tied
•Uterus: where fetus develop
•Cervix: a muscular ring in the end of uterus.
•Vagina: where penis inserted during intercourse
and the way out for the baby.
22. Menstrual Cycle
•Counted from the first day of menstruation
•Average length: 28 days
•Menstruation usually remain for 3-7 days
•Around day 14 ovulation happened (Ovum only live
for 24 hour) only in this condition woman are
possible to pregnant/ fertilisation happened
•Around 7 days after fertilisation embryo will be
implanted
23. Development of Embryo
Fertilisation:
Sperm (nuclei) + Ovum zygote
Happen in Oviduct/ Fallopian tube
Zygote divide into embryo implanted to
uterus pregnancy happened
24. Development of Embryo
Embryo produce placenta and umbilical cord
to give nutrient and oxygen from mother to baby
To allow waste from embryo diffuse back from baby to
mother.
Prevent harmful substances and blood to transported
Inside amniotic sac amnion liquid protect baby from
physical damage and temperature fluctuation
After ±38 weeks the baby will born
25.
26. Sexually Transmitted Disease:
Gonorrhea
•Caused by: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
•Symptoms and effects: pain during urinating and
discharging of pus from the urethra has possibility to
spread the inflammation to the epididymis or uterus
can caused sterility
•Can caused blindness to the baby
• Treatment: by using antibiotic
27. Sexually Transmitted Disease:
Syphilis
•Caused by: Treponema pallidum
•Symptoms and effects: sore in mouth and reproduction
organ, deformed joints, abnormal teeth, blindness, heart
and brain problems
•Can caused blindness, deafness, and dead to the baby
• Treatment: by using antibiotic
28. Sexually Transmitted Disease:
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
•Caused by: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
•HIV positive not always show the symptom of AIDS
•Symptom of AIDS:
Fatigue
Weight loss
Easy to get sickness
•HIV is transmitted by blood contact:
Sexual activity
Sharing needle (during tattoo, piercing, drug abuse)
From mother to baby during birth
Breast Feeding
29. Birth Control (Contraception)
•Natural (Rhythm method): prevent sexual
intercourse in ovulation time
•Chemical:
•Pill: contain hormone that prevent ovaries to
release ova
•Spermicide: apply in vagina to kill sperm
30. Birth Control (Contraception)
•Mechanical:
•Condom: latex put on penis to prevent liquid contact
also prevent STD
•Diaphragm and cap: cover cervix sperms can’t go to
the uterus
•IUD: T shape plastic that apply in uterus to prevent
implantation for some person its counted as
abortion
32. Help a Family to Have Baby
•Fertility drugs: usually contain hormone
•Artificial Insemination: Sperm is injected to the
vagina by using syringe, usually fertility drugs is
applied.
•IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation): sperm is taken from the
father then, more than one ova are stimulated to
be produced. Fertilisation is done in the lab then
the embryo is implanted into the womb
35. Homework
• This is an individual homework. You have to write it in foolscaps
with your handwriting.
• You may use internet, book, or ask the professionals about this
homework.
• For no 1-6: IUD
• For no 7-12: IVF
• For no 13-18: Stem Cell
• For no 19-25: Clonning
• These contents should be included on your homework:
• Summary about the topic (process, application, data, etc.)
• Minimum 2 argument that pro (agree) to the issue and 2 argument
from the contra (disagree)
• Website, book title, or signature from the professional that you use or
ask
