Empayar ottoman kejatuhan pt 1

KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMAN 1
ERA KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR
UTHMANI
1566 – 1876
POWERPOINT TELAH DISEDIAKAN UNTUK ISMA CAW. KUANTAN
OLEH AHLI ISMA CAW. KUANTAN UNTUK DIMANFAATKAN
OLEH MUSLIMIN DAN MUSLIMAT YANG MERASAKAN BAHAWA
SEJARAH BOLEH MENGAJAR KITA UNTUK MENJADI LEBIH
DEWASA.
TERIMA KASIH KEPADA
SAHABAT-SHABAT YANG TELAH MEMBERI
SEMANGAT DAN KEINGINAN
UNTUK MENCARI HIKMAH YANG HILANG
Part 1

Bhg V : ERA KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR UTHMANI
1566 – 1876
PERSEMBAHAN INI TERDIRI DARI 5 BAHAGIAN :
1. PENGENALAN :
i.) PETA DAN TIME-LINE EMPAYAR ISLAM
ii.) TERMA DAN SENARAI EMPAYAR ISLAM
2. SULTAN OTTOMAN KETIKA ERA KEJATUHAN
i.) SULTAN YANG GAGAH
ii.) SULTAN YANG LEMAH
3. KAJIAN DAN RUMUSAN TENTANG PENGAJARAN
YANG DAPAT DI AMBIL
4. BEBERAPA DEFINASI BARAT
5. APA KATA BARAT TENTANG SULTAN OTTOMAN
6. IMTIHAN – EXAM -

DAURAH 1 / 2014 ISMA KUANTAN
25 hb JAN

KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMAN
Bhg V : ERA KEJATUHAN
EMPAYAR UTHMANI
1566 – 1876
TAJUK BUKU :
FAKTOR
KEBANGKIATAN
& SEBAB
KEJATUHAN
EMPAYAR
UTHMANIAH
PENULIS :
Dr. ALI
MUHAMMAD
As-SOLABI
4
SILA DOUBLE CLICK DALAM KOTAK HITAM
UNTUK NASYID

SEJARAH OTTOMAN
•PENGENALAN &
LATARBELAKANG

• The Growth of the Ottoman Empire (29 May 1453 – 11/12 September 1683)
is the period followed after the Rise of the Ottoman Empire (5 July 1413 – 29
May 1453) in which the Ottoman state expanded southwestwards into North
Africa and battled with the re-emergent Persian Shi'ia Safavid Empire to the
east.
• The Stagnation : During this period the empire continued to have military
might. The next period would be shaped by the decline of their military
power which followed the loss of huge territories. The Battle of Vienna of
September 1683 marked the loss of the greatest extent of the empire in
Europe and from a socio-economic perspective it is accepted as the
beginning of the Fall of the Ottoman Empire
• The Decline : in which the empire experienced several economic and
political setbacks. Directly affecting the Empire at this time was Russian
imperialism. The political rhetoric was dominated with the economic
problems and national uprisings. The Empire tried to catch up to the western
world by passing political and administrative reformations. The decline
period was followed by the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (24 July 1908
– 30 October 1918).

The state of the Ayyubid dynasty and its Arab divided
neighbors after the death of Saladin 1171 - 1341
A Kurdish His name was Yusuf : Saladin
wrote "children are brought up in the way
in which their elders were brought up."
13
Saladin was able to answer questions on Euclid
323BC Father of Geometry (Axiomatic method,
Euclidean geometry, Euclid's orchard ,
Euclidean relation, Euclidean algorithm
Extended Euclidean algorithm ) the Almagest (
a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical
treatise on the apparent motions of the stars
and planetary paths. Written in Greek by
Claudius Ptolemy, a Roman era scholar of
Egypt, it is one of the most influential scientific
texts of all time, with its geocentric model
accepted for more than twelve hundred years,
in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds,
), arithmetic, and law, but this was an academic
ideal and it was study of the Qur'an and the
"sciences of religion" that linked him to his
contemporaries
Another factor which may have affected his interest in religion was
that during the First Crusade, Jerusalem was taken in a surprise
attack by the Christians. In addition to Islam, Saladin had a
knowledge of the genealogies, biographies, and histories of the
Arabs, as well as the bloodlines of Arabian horses. More
significantly, he knew the Hamasah of Abu Tammam (10 books of
high Arabic literature poetry) by heart

Mehmed died on May 3, 1481, at the age of forty-nine.
Mehmed's primary doctor, "Jacob Pasha" an Italian born
convert to Islam was suspected of administering poison
to Mehmed over a period of time and was executed
Mehmed II (1432 –1481), (also known as el-Fātiḥ ( ‫الفاتح‬),
"the Conqueror) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1444
to 1446, and later from February 1451 to 1481. At the age of 21,
he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the
Byzantine Empire. Sultan ke 7 dlm O.E. Dan Termasyhur
Mehmed II's Firman on the freedom of the Bosnian Franciscans
“I, the Sultan Khan the Conqueror, hereby declare the whole world that, The
Bosnian Franciscans granted with this sultanate firman are under my protection.
And I command that: No one shall disturb or give harm to these people and their
churches! They shall live in peace in my state. These people who have become
emigrants, shall have security and liberty. They may return to their monasteries
which are located in the borders of my state. No one from my empire notable,
viziers, clerks or my maids will break their honour or give any harm to them! No
one shall insult, put in danger or attack these lives, properties, and churches of these
people!
The edict was issued by the Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror to protect the basic rights of the
Bosnian Christians when he conquered that territory in 1463. The original edict is still kept in
the same monastery in Fojnica. It is one of the oldest documents on religious freedom.
Mehmed II's oath was entered into force in the Ottoman Empire on May 28, 1463. In 1971, the
United Nations published a translation of the document in all the official U.N. languages 14

SEJARAH OTTOMAN
•PETA , KEDUDUKAN
NEGARA2 PENTING
DAN TIMELINE

KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMANUmayyad Caliphs of
Córdoba (929-1031)
Rashidun Caliphs
(632-661)
Umayyad Caliphs of
Damascus (661-750)
Abbasid Caliphs of
Baghdad (750-1258)
Fatimid Caliphs
(910-1171)
Abbasid Caliphs of
Cairo (1261-1517)
Empayar Ayyubid
Mamluk 1171 - 1341
Empayar Othman
1299–1919
16

• GAGAH
• SULTAN SULAIMAN AL-QANUNI
• SULTAN SALIM II
• SULTAN MURAD III
• SULTAN AHMAD 1
• SULTAN SALIM III
• SULTAN MAHMUD II
• SULTAN ABDUL MAJID 1
• SULTAN ABDUL AZIZ 1
• SULTAN MURAD V 18
• LEMAH
• SULTAN MOHAMAD III
• SULTAN MUSTAFA 1
• SULTAN UTHMAN II
• SULTAN MURAD IV
• SULTAN IBRAHIM I
• SULTAN MUHAMAD IV
• SULTAN SULAIMAN II
• SULTAN AHMAD II
• SULTAN MUSTAFA II
• SULTAN AHMAD III
• SULTAN MAHMUD I
• SULTAN OTHMAN III
• SULTAN MUSTAFA III
• SULTAN ABDULHAMID I

The Strength and Weakness Of An Empire Depends On It’s Influence & Expansion
1. RISE (1299 - 1453)
2. GROWTH (1453 - 1683)
3. STAGNATION (1683 - 1827)
4. DECLINE (1828 - 1908)
5. DISSOLUTION (1908 - 1924)

KA
s
s
ba
Su
ke

SENARAI
PANJANG
KALIFAH ISLAM
(hanya
sebahagian
sahaja untuk
memberi
semangat
bahawa ramai
Sultan2 Islam
yang
kebanyakkanya
Baik dan
Beriman

Sekilas
Pandang
Empayar Islam
di Dunia –
Ingatlah
bahawa Islam
pernah
memerintah 2/3
dunia

PORTUGAL
SPAIN
FRANCE
ALGERIA
EGYPT
SAUDI
RUSSIA
TURKEY
HUNGARY
SYRIA
LIBYA
POLAND
IRAN
GREECE
KEDUDUKAN NEGARA-NEGARA - AM (1299–1919 )
LALUAN PENTING
LAUT
25

KEDUDUKAN NEGARA-NEGARA - AM
LALUAN LAUT
PENTING
26

• FAKTOR KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTTOMAN
1.) SALAH SATU TUNTUTAN IMAN YANG
SEBENAR – KESETIAAN DAN KETELUSAN
2.)FAHAMAN SEMPIT TENTANG IBADAT
3.)KEMUNCULAN BUDAYA SYIRIK, KHURAFAT
DAN BIDAAH
4.)PENYELEWANGAN TARIKAT SUFI
5.) KEMUNCULAN KUMPULAN SESAT
6.) LENYAPNYA PIMPINAN RABBANI
7.) MENUTUP PINTU IJTIHAD
8.) KEZALIMAM BERMAHARAJALELA
9.) KEMEWAHAN DAN TENGGELAM DALAM
KESERONOKAN
10.) PERTELINGKAN DAN PERPECAHAN

1.) SALAH SATU TUNTUTAN IMAN YANG SEBENAR – KESETIAAN DAN
KETELUSAN
Dan sesiapa yang berpaling ingkar dari
ingatan dan pertunjukKu, maka sesungguhnya
adalah baginya kehidupan yang sempit, dan
Kami akan himpunkan dia pada hari kiamat
dalam keadaan buta".
Orang-orang kafir Yahudi dari Bani Israil telah
dilaknat (di dalam Kitab-kitab Zabur dan Injil)
melalui lidah Nabi Daud dan Nabi Isa ibni
Maryam. Yang demikian itu disebabkan mereka
menderhaka dan selalu menceroboh.
Janganlah orang-orang yang beriman mengambil
orang- orang kafir menjadi teman rapat dengan
meninggalkan orang-orang yang beriman. Dan
sesiapa yang melakukan (larangan) yang
demikian maka tiadalah ia (mendapat
perlindungan) dari Allah dalam sesuatu apapun,
kecuali kamu hendak menjaga diri daripada
sesuatu bahaya yang ditakuti dari pihak mereka
(yang kafir itu). Dan Allah perintahkan supaya
kamu beringat-ingat terhadap kekuasaan diriNya
(menyeksa kamu). Dan kepada Allah jualah
tempat kembali.

5.) KEMUNCULAN KUMPULAN SESAT
• Kumpulan syiah imam 12,Nasiri, Ismaili,
Qadiani, Bahai dan Druze
• Kesemua mereka sentiasa berpakat dgn
musuh utk menyerang Islam
• Nasiri dgn MohdAli Pasha menyerang
Shams
• Qadiani di cipta British
• Bahai dicipta Russia dan Yahudi
• Ismaili di sokong Perancis

HASIL KAJIAN
• HASIL KAJIAN :
• 1.) Sejarah E.O terdedah kpd perbuatan pembohongan, pemalsuan dan
pencemaran dari Yahudi, Kristian, dan Sekular
• 2.) Termasuk juga Ahli Sejarah Arab dan Turki
• 3.) Kuasa Eropah membiayai haluan yg anti-khalifah dgn membantu ahli
sejarah Mesir mengukuhkan semangat perkauman eg alBustani, alYaziji,
George Zaidan
• 4.) Freemason berjaya menguasai pemikiran Fahaman Kebangsaan dlm
Negara Islam Mengikut arahan Freemason berbanding tuntutan bangsa
mereka sendiri terutama yang dituntut Islam
• 5.) Ahli Sejarah yg berusaha mencemar nama baik E.O bertindak
memalsukan fakta sejarah
• 6.) Beberapa Sejarawan yg mempertahankan E.O. eg alShanawi E.O-
Empayar yg Di Fitnah (3 jld) Dr Muhd Harb-Othmani-Sejarah dan Budaya
dsb
• 7.) Kaum Turki memeluk Islam sejak zaman Othman bin Affan.Setelah
memeluk Islam, mereka berkabilah datang menyokong E.O. dan menyertai
Istana, tentera dan pentadbiran EO

HASIL KAJIAN
• 8.) Kaum Saljuk (Turki) menyelamatkan Khalifah Abbasiah menetang
Buwehi (Syiah) di Iran dan Iraq,Saljuk diketuai Turgul Bek
• 9.) Selepas itu Saljuk dipimpin Alp Arsalan yg mahir dan berani. Dan diikuti
Nizam al Mulk Tusi
• 10.) Kejatuhan Saljuk disebabkan i) campurtangan wanita dalam
pemerintahan ii.) kelemahan Khalifah Abbasiah iii.) angkara golongan
Batini yg membunuh Suktan. Pemimpin Saljuk dan panglima
• 11.) Saljuk memberi impak besar kepada sejarah Islam dan perkembangan
selama 2 kurun eg Salahuddin al Ayyubi.

SEJARAH OTTOMAN
• TERMA DAN KALIMAT
DIGUNAKAN SEMASA
OTTOMAN

• KAFES, literally "the cage", was the part of the Imperial Harem of the Ottoman Palace
where possible successors to the throne were kept under a form of house-arrest and
constant surveillance by the palace guards in order to observe and protection
• The confinement of heirs provided security for an incumbent sultan and continuity of the
dynasty
• First use : When Ahmet I died in 1617, his eldest son was only 13 years old, and for the
first time in 14 generations, the Imperial Council altered succession so that the late
sultan's brother acceded to the throne as Mustafa I , aged 25 years. He was deposed (for
the first time) the following year and became the first inmate of the Kafes although he
and other princes throughout the preceding generations had been sequestered in various
other places of comfortable confinement.
• _____________________________________________________________________
• The HAREM in Ottoman Palaces
• Contrary to prevailing opinion, the harem at the time of the Ottomans was not a place of
unbridled desire nor a prison for helpless women guarded by fierce eunuchs for the
pleasure of lascivious sultans.
• The physical location called the Harem consisted of the apartments within the palaces of
the Ottoman Sultans or the mansions of the wealthy reserved principally to the women
and the children of the household, affording them an undisturbed space for their daily
routines and their family life. KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMAN 34
Clarirification

PENGENALAN
• AL – JABARTI : Trained as a shaykh at al-Azhar University, al-
Jabarti began keeping a monthly chronicle of events in Cairo. This
chronicle, which is generally known in English simply as al-Jabarti's
History of Egypt, and known in Arabic as Aja'ib al-athar fi al-tarajim
wal-akhbar ( ‫واالخبار‬ ‫التراجم‬ ‫في‬ ‫ثار‬َ‫ال‬‫ا‬ ‫)عجائب‬ became a world-famous
historical text by virtue of its eyewitness accounts of Napoleon's
invasion and Muhammad Ali's seizure of power. The entries from
his chronicle dealing with the French expedition and occupation
have been excerpted and compiled in English as a
separate volume entitled Napoleon in Egypt.
• The JANISSARIES (from Ottoman Turkish Yeniçeri
meaning "new soldier”) - were infantry units that were
formed by Sultan Murad I from Christian boys from
conquered countries in the 14th century and was
abolished by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826

MAMALUK
• MAMLUK : (Turkish: Memlük ‫مملوك‬( singular, ‫مماليك‬mamālīk (plural),
"owned"; was a soldier of slave origin, often of Turkic ancestry. .Over
time, mamluks became a powerful military caste in various Muslim
societies. Particularly in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Iraq, and India,
mamluks held political and military power. In some cases, they attained
the rank of sultan, while in others they held regional power as amirs or
beys. Most notably, mamluk factions seized the sultanate for themselves
in Egypt and Syria in a period known as the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–
1517). The Mamluk Sultanate famously beat back the Mongols at the
Battle of Ain Jalut and fought the Crusaders effectively
driving them out from the Levant by 1291 and officially
in 1302 ending the era of the Crusades. Mamluk regiments
constituted the backbone of the Egyptian military under
the Ayyubid Dynasty.
Under Saladin ( Mamluk) and the Ayyubids of Egypt,
the power of the Mamluks increased until they claimed
The sultanate in 1250, ruling as the Mamluk Sultanate

FREE MASON
• Officially, Freemasonry was born in 1717, when 4 Craft Lodges gathered at the Apple Tree
Tavern in London, and set up a constitution for Free and Accepted Masons, written by
Anderson... but they claim their roots can be traced to Egypt, Syria, Babylon... and the
stonecutters of the Solomon Temple, specially "Hiram Abiff" (1R.7, 2Cr.2,4), a celebrated
figure because of his death-defying refusal to reveal trade secrets to intruders... the "Jesus
Christ" for many Masons... though it is "an irony", because the Temple of Solomon was not
built with stones, but with wood, brought by another "Hiram", the King of Tyre (1R.5,9).
Infiltrated by Zionist in early 1800s
Nation of Islam (U.S) was so enmeshed with Freemasonry. Enmeshed is an
understatement, the two are basically one and the same. Leader Louis Farrakhan
FreeMason akhirnya diinfiltrasi oleh Zionist oleh kerana ramai pemimpin dunia yang telah
menjadi ahli Freemason dan memudahkan kerja Zionist
LIBERTY, FRATERNITY, EQUALITY ‫المساواة‬ ،‫اإلخاء‬ ، ‫الحرية‬
In Freemasonry, the level is the symbol of equality, not only among members of the Craft, but
of all humanity. The fraternity teaches that mankind is the offspring of God, created in His
image of one blood. As such, each person is born with certain inalienable rights to life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness.

Islam and Freemasonry
Many Islamic arguments are closely tied to both Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism,
though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to Dajjal. Freemasonry
promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims is to rebuild
the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem after destroying the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
In article 28 of its Covenant, Hamas states that Freemasonry, Rotary, and other similar
groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ...” Many
countries with a significant Muslim population do not allow Masonic establishments
within their jurisdictions. However, countries such as Turkey and Morocco have
established Grand Lodges.
In Pakistan in 1972 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, then Prime Minister of Pakistan, placed a ban
on Freemasonry.
Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1919. However the position changed in July
1958 following the Revolution, with the abolition of the Monarchy and Iraq being
declared a republic,under General Qasim. The licences permitting lodges to meet were
rescinded and later laws were introduced banning This position was later reinforced
under Saddam Hussein, the death penalty was "prescribed" for those who "promote or
acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with
Zionist organisations.”

• 1.) Pasha or pascha,Basha, (Turkish: paşa) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire
political system, typically granted to governors, generals and dignitaries. As an honorary
title, Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord, and was
also one of the highest titles in pre-republican Egypt. There were three ranks of pashas:
the first, or highest class, had the privilege of bearing a standard of three horse-tails, the
second of two, and the third of one.
• Gordon Pasha İsmet Pasha Muhammad Ali Pasha — viceroy of Egypt Mustafa Kemal Pasha
•
• 2.) Wāli was the title in the Ottoman Empire of the most common type of Ottoman
governor, in charge of a wilayah, often a military officer such as a pasha
• 3.) Ghazi is a title given to Muslim warriors or champions. It may be used out of
respect or officially. Many of the Ottoman Sultans and Caliphs wore this title officially
may have this title added to their name (Ghazi Saladin) out of respect.
• 4.) Bey (Ottoman Turkish: ‫,بك‬ Beg, Beğ) is a title for chieftain, traditionally applied to the
leaders of small tribal groups. They are all the same word with the simple meaning of
"lord
• 5.) Alp is a Turkic term referring for Title of nobles serving in military . In some cases
this term could be added to name of real person, such as Almış, Alp Ilutuer, Alp Arslan
• 6.) Khan (Mongolian:, khan; Middle Mongolian:, qaγan, Chinese:, hán) is an originally
Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used
by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of ChinaKEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMAN 39

TAMAT :
PENGENALAN
SEJARAH SULTAN-SULTAN

• GAGAH
• SULTAN SALIM II
• SULTAN AHMAD 1
• SULTAN SALIM III
• SULTAN MAHMUD II
• SULTAN ABDUL MAJID 1
• SULTAN ABDUL AZIZ 1
• SULTAN MURAD V 45
• LEMAH
• SULTAN MOHAMAD III
• SULTAN MURAD IV
• SULTAN AHMAD II
• SULTAN MAHMUD I

SEJARAH OTTOMAN
• SULTAN YANG GAGAH
• SULTAN SALIM II
9 / 1520 9/1566
9/1566 12/1574
12/1574 1/1595

SULTAN SULAIMAN AL-QANUNI ( SSAQ )
-PARA HISTORIS – Empayar Othman (E.O) menurun selepas KEMATIAN
Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qanuni (SSAQ) (1566 M)
-Digelar Al-Qanuni kerana menyusun sistem undang2 kerajaan E.O
-SSAQ diganggu isterinya Roxelana agar anaknya Salim II menjadi Sultan
-Anak SSAQ, Mustafa disenangi tentera dan rakyat
-Akibat kekecohan dlm Istana & gangguan Roxelana, berlaku pemberontakan
besar diantara tentera yg menyenangi Mustafa dgn SSAQ
-SSAQ membunuh anaknya Mustafa & Beyazid & 4 anaknya yg lain
-Beliau juga berkawan rapat dengan seorang hamba, Pargal Ibrahim Pasha
yang kemudiannya menjadi penasihat & panglima tentera yang paling
dipercayai waktu zaman pemerintannya
Pargal Ibrahim adalah Christian Greek, dari Parga, Greece
Setelah dilantik sebagai Naib Amir (Perdana Menteri),
kuasanya menjadi mutlak sebagaiman Sultan dan
menimbulkan masalah. Ibrahim & SSAQ mampu
melebarkan wilayah termasuk
Hungary & Poland
GAGAH 9 / 1520 9/1566

• Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha - the boyhood friend of Suleiman Greek Orthodox and when
young was educated at the Palace School under the devshirme (*1) system.
Suleiman made him the royal falconer, then promoted him to Grand Vizier in 1523
and commander-in-chief of all the armies. Suleiman also conferred upon Ibrahim
Pasha granting Ibrahim authority over all Turkish territories in Europe.
• Suleiman's two wives had borne him eight sons, four of whom survived past the
1550s. They were Mustafa, Selim, Bayezid, and Jihangir. Of these, only Mustafa
was from the elder wife. Yet Mustafa was recognised as the most talented of all the
brothers and was supported by Pargalı İbrahim Pasha
• Thus in power struggles apparently instigated by Younger wife, Suleiman had
Ibrahim murdered and replaced with her sympathetic son-in-law, Rüstem Pasha.
By 1552, when the campaign against Persia had begun with Rustem appointed
commander-in-chief of the expedition, intrigues against Mustafa began. Rustem
sent one of Suleiman's most trusted men to report that since Suleiman was not at
the head of the army, the soldiers thought the time had come to put a younger
prince on the throne; at the same time he spread rumors that Mustafa had proved
receptive to the idea. Angered by what he came to believe were Mustafa's plans to
claim the throne,Suleiman's slaves attacked Mustafa, hurled Mustafa to the ground
and, throwing the bowstring round his neck, strangled him."
SULTAN SULAIMAN AL-QANUNI ( SSAQ )GAGAH 9 / 1520 9/1566

• “Akulah hamba Allah dan Sultan di dunia ini. Dengan kurniaan
Allah jua aku menjadi pemerintah ummat Muhammad
keseluruhannya. Kebesaran Allah dan mukjizat Nabi
Muhammad (Al-Quran) adalah sahabat setiaku. Akulah
Sulaiman yang sentiasa namanya disebut-sebut dalam
khutbah-khutbah di Makkah dan Madinah. Aku “Shah”
kepada Baghdad, “Caesar” kepada Byzantine, “Sultan”
kepada Mesir, yang menghantar armada laut ke lautan
Eropah, Maghribi dan India. Akulah Sultan yang telah
mengambil mahkota dan takhta Hungary dan
menyerahkannya kepada hamba Tuhan yang merendah diri.
Voivoda Petru Raresh mengangkat kepalanya memberontak
ke atasku, tetapi telapak kaki kudaku telah memijaknya
tenggelam menjadi debu. Aku jugalah yang telah menawan
tanah Moldavia”. (Deklarasi Bender, 1536 Masihi) Sulaymen
al Qanooni

PENGAJARAN DARI SULTAN SULAIMAN AL-QANUNI ( SSAQ )
• Sultan seorg yg berilmu , berwibawa, tegas
• Penasihat memainkan peranan penting dlm
memastikan ketenteraman dan kemajuan
sesebuah negara - Pargali Basha – adik
iparnya dan juga convert Kristian dan diberi
kepercayaan yang banyak terlalu awal….
GAGAH

SULTAN SALIM II (SS II) - AM
- Tidak mampu memelihara wilayah2 nya kerana cara beliau dilantik
- Ibunya membuat fitnah dan menyebabkan anak sulung Sultan, Mustafa dibunuh oleh
ayah sendiri kerana disangka ingin merebut takhta semasa ketiadaan beliau
- Berjaya kerana adanya PM yang gigih, bijaksana, digeruni , bijak dan lurus
(Mohd Basha Sokullu – Serbia)
- Perjanjian Damai dgn Austria & Perlu bayar jizyah
kepada Sultan
FITNAH : Barat mengatakan SSII ini pemabuk dan
kaki wanita dan kematianya akibat mabuk
-Walaupun beliau lemah, beliau memilih seorg PM yang
betul/gagah & memimpin di bawah 2 Sultan sehingga
dibunuh oleh hasad org luar
-Beliau sendiri bergadai nyawa dan harta untuk
menghidupkan semula Armada Laut Mediterranean
-Beliau membenarkan Istananya di tepi laut
digunakan untuk pembinaan dan pembaikan
kapal dan bersama2 bertungkus lumus setelah kalah
dalam pertempuran sebelumnya dan menyerang semulaKEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMAN 51
GAGAH 9 / 1566 12/1574

SULTAN SALIM II (SS II) - TENTERA PERANCIS
• SS II menyambung hak Perancis menjaga BaituMaqdis malahan
ditambah hak2 baru – meninbulkan keresahan menteri2 nya.
• Napoleon menyerang Mesir & SSII menarik balik hak Perancis -
Napoleon setuju berundur jika hak dikembalikan dan ditambah lagi
seperti menjaga bandar pelabuhan dsb dan dipersetujui Sultan
• AKIBATNYA :
• 1.) Negara tiada pendapatan baru & tak mampu
• 2.) Mubaligh Kristian mula memasuki Syam dan akhirnya negara2 ini
meminta kemerdekaan dan disokong barat
• 3.) Akibat kelemahan umat Islam, musuh menekan dengan perjanjian
berat sebelah dan akibatnya kemerosotan teruk dan kejatuhan E.O
• -- Walaupun E.O lemah, ttp masih berjaya memasuki dan menakluki
Eropah kerana kelemahan dan perpecahan Eropah dalam menjadi kuasa
dunia dan akibatnya :
GAGAH

SULTAN SALIM II (SS II)
• Pope Pius (PP) kata
`Kesultanan Turki berkembang akibat kelemahan kita’
• PP mengumpul Raja Spain, Venetian, Rusia & Raja Charles
France (walaupun ada perjanjian dgn Sultan ttp bersekongkol dgn PP) &
bertempur di Mediterranean
• Berjaya mengalahkan SSII ttp E.O masih bertenaga
• PP berusaha lebih dgn komplot lebih besar termasuk mengajak Syiah ttp
PP mati sebelum sempat bertindak
• Setelah PP mati, Perancis mula diplomatik untuk memasuki Algeria dgn
alasan menjaga Hak Islam dari diceroboh ttp SSII tolak.
• Mereka berusaha memujuk dan berdalih demi untuk menjaga negara
Islam dan akhirnya berjaya membina Pusat Perdagangan di Saqalah,
Algeria..tempat permulaan Yahudi dan Kristian dibawa masuk
• RUMUSAN : Musuh cuba sedaya-upaya memasuki negara Islam atas apa
alasan sekalipun dan menyebabkan Kristian memasuki Algeria..Jangan
percaya jika ada Kafir nak Menjaga Negara Islam
GAGAH

SULTAN SALIM II (SS II) - PERANAN SYIAH
• SSII menyerang Yaman dan Tunisia bermula di Aden dan Sanaa
-Negara ini di bawah Syiah - Tentera Islam mula berkumpul di
Mekah
Syiah memanggil Portugis tetapi dikalahkan Islam dibawah Khairuddin
Al Qabtan
• Selepas menang, dtg seorang Syiah memeluk seolah mengucap
tahniah kpd Khairuddin dan menikam dgn kerambit…Askar
membunuhnya dan ingin membunuh semua keluarga pembunuh ttp
dihalang Khairuddin
• Peperangan selama 2 tahun dan akhirnya Syiah di bawah Al-Muthir
dikalahkan
• RUMUSAN : Syiah akan berkerjasama dengan sesiapa
sahaja untuk menghancurkan Sunni

PENGAJARAN DARI SSII
• Sultan seorg yg lemah
• Perjanjian berat sebelah mesti dihapuskan –
penjagaan Baitu Maqdis
• Syiah sanggup bersekongkol dgn Portugis
menyerang E.O
• Tentera Kafir berkerjasama antara mereka
manghapuskan E.O
• PM seorg yg lurus & gagah
GAGAH

SULTAN MURAD III (SMUIII) - AM
• Cenderung Tasauf dan Ilmu
• LARANGAN MINUM ARAK : Orgramai dan Askar
Janisari suka minum arak
• Janisari membantah & SMIII tidak mampu menahan
• Meneruskan memberi hak kepada Perancis menjaga BaitulMaqdis
spt bapanya dgn tambahan hak diberikan
• PM Basha Sokullu dibunuh akibat kelurusanya oleh org luar yang
bersekongkol dgn kerabat Istana
• Akibat kelemahan yang bertambah, Yahudi mula berpindah ke Sinai
& mereka tinggal ditepi pelabuhan perniagaan utama dari Jeddah,
Mesir, Yanbu, Aqabah & dibawa masuk melalui Pelabuhan Tursina
• Akibat Yahudi makin ramai dan mengganggu Kristian disitu
(dhimmi) maka SMIII halau Yahudi tetapi ramai yang masih tinggal
• Akibat kelemahan berterusan , Janisari memberontak dan menukar
Sultan
GAGAH 12/1574 1/1595

PENGAJARAN DARI SULTAN MURAD III (SMUIII)
• Janisari – Tentera upahan yg tiada akhlaq
Islam
• Tentera jagaan Sultan menentang SMUIII
• Tentera jagaan menukar Sultan
• PM Basha Sokullu yg hebat, beliau di fitnah &
dibunuh
GAGAH

SEJARAH OTTOMAN
• SULTAN MOHAMAD III - LEMAH
• SULTAN AHMAD 1 - GAGAH
• SULTAN MUSTAFA 1 - LEMAH
• SULTAN UTHMAN II - LEMAH
• SULTAN MUSTAFA 1 - LEMAH
• SULTAN MURAD IV - LEMAH
• SULTAN IBRAHIM I - LEMAH
• SULTAN MUHAMAD IV - LEMAH
• SULTAN SULAIMAN II - LEMAH
• SULTAN AHMAD II - LEMAH
• SULTAN MUSTAFA II - LEMAH
• SULTAN AHMAD III - LEMAH
• SULTAN MAHMUD I - LEMAH
• SULTAN OTHMAN III - LEMAH
• SULTAN MUSTAFA III - LEMAH
• SULTAN ABDULHAMID I - LEMAH
• KEJATUHAN EMPAYAR OTHMAN 58

SULTAN MOHAMAD III (SMOIII)
• Beliau mengkaji dan menilai dan akhirnya sedar bahawa kegagalan E.O
adalah akibat Sultan tidak berada di depan medan peperangan
• Beliau membuat perubahan dan mengepalai bala tenteranya
• Beliau berjaya menakluki Ager (yg mana S.Sulaiman tak berjaya) &
seterusnya Hungary & Austria
• Gurunya Saaduddin Afendi berkata :
‘ …..WAHAI RAJA…TABAHLAH..KERANA KAU PASTI
DIBANTU TUAN ENGKAU YANG TELAH MEMBERI
ANUGERAH ITU DAN SEGALA KENIKMATAN KEPADA
ENGKAU…..’
• Mendengar kata2 dari gurunya,SMOIII menaiki kuda, mengetuai askarnya
dan berserah kpd Allah swt hingga mampu menawan Kota Akra, Jerusalem
• Janisari dapat di control di zaman SMOIII kerana Sultan
kuat dan tiada pemberontakan berlaku.
. Ibunya, Safiya Sultana, banyak mempengaruhi anaknya dlm
membuat keputusan kerana SMOIII amat menyayangi ibu nya.
LEMAH 1/1595 12/1603

PENGAJARAN DARI SULTAN MOHAMAD III (SMOIII)
• Sedar akan kegagalan Sultan sebelumnya
• Mula mengepalai tentera – Kepimpinan
melalui Tauladan – Lisanul Hal
• Janisari dpt dikawal kerana Sultan berwibawa
• Tidak mampu membeda keputusan negara
dengan sayang kepada ibunya
LEMAH

SULTAN AHMAD 1 (SAI)
• Naik takhta ketika 14 tahun
• Menyambung hak Perancis & British
• Belanda pula diberi hak istimewa
• - membawa masuk rokok dan sebabkan ketagihan kepada tentera
• - mufti haramkan ttp tidak diendahkan dan askar bantah menyebabkan
• mufti & ulama berdiamdiri
• Melihat kelemahan, Syiah Safavi yg tunduk sejak SMUIII mula kembali aktif
• Shah Abas menawan semula Najaf, Kerbala & Kufah
• Beliau menekan Sunni dgn membunuh & cungkil mata ttp Kristian bebas
berugama & berdakwah & Shah meraikan Hari Kebesaran Kristian dgn
minum arak
• Baghdad juga ditakluki Syiah – petanda lemahnya EO
GAGAH 12/1603 11/1617

SULTAN AHMAD 1 (SAI)
• Banyak Gerakan Pemisah dizaman ini : Jon Bolad (Kurdis) , Qalandar Uglu
(Ankara), Fakaruddin Ali Durzi (Syiah Druze)
• Semua pemisah ini dikalahkan
Fahaman Druze : diadun dari beberapa ugama oleh alHakim biAmrillah
(Khalifah Fatimiyyah) termasuk pemikiran Aristotle , Plato dan Pythagoras
1. Al Hakim adalah Tuhan dan tidak percaya Nabi, Kitab dan Rasul
2. Nabi dan Rasul adalah iblis
3. Semua nyawa ugama lain adalah Halal esp Islam
4. Tak percaya syurga dan neraka
5. Mengutuk sahabat besar
6. Tak berpuasa dan ibadat haji di Lubnan
GAGAH 12/1603 11/1617

PENGAJARAN DARI SULTAN AHMAD 1 (SAI)
• Naik takhta ketika muda (14 thn)
• Seorg Sultan yg memegang kpd ajaran Islam
• Banyak gerakan pemberontak yg timbul
dizamanya
GAGAH

SULTAN2 YANG LEMAH
• Memerintah selama 3 bulan sahaja - Gangguan kuasa luar
• Di ganti dengan anak saudaranya berumur 13 tahun
• Lancar perang terhadap Poland
• Janisari malas berperang (protes gaji) dan akhirnya SERI
• Sultan marah dan mahu bubarkan Janisari
• Sultan wujudkan askar dari orang2 Asia tetapi Janisari
memberontak dan tukar Sultan
• Janisari naikkan semula Mustafa I
• Sultan jadi alat mainan
• Sultan lemah dan PM bertukar 7 kali
dlm 4 bln – ada tak sampai 1 bulan
LEMAH
11/1617 2/1618
2/1618 5/1622
5/1622 9/1623

• SULTAN MURAD IV
• Beliau mengintip rakyat dan membunuh semua penentangnya
dan abangnya Uthman II
• Di zamanya rokok, arak diharamkan dan murtad dihukum mati
• Berperang dan mengetuai melawan Safavid di Baghdad dan menang
• Di panggil Pembebas Baghdad
• Naik takhta kerana tiada zuriat Sultan Murad dan Sultan Uthman
• Di penjara sepanjang pemerintahan abangnya Murad IV
• Akibat trauma di penjara, ketika pegawai datang untuk melantiknya,
beliau tak mau keluar penjara kerana sangka akan dibunuh
• Terpaksa bawa ibu dan mayat abangnya untuk meyakinkan dia
• Apabila diberi Pedang Othman dan baiah, beliau berucap ` Segala Puji bagi Allah
yg telah menjadikan hamba yg lemah seperti saya layak untuk berada di
kedudukan ..Ya Allah perbaiki & majukan lah bangsa saya sepanjang
pemerintahan saya..Jadikanlah kami ini saling redha meredhai…’
• Beliau menawan Crete yang menjadi laluan utama perdagangan
LEMAH9/1623 2/1640
2/1640 8/1648

• Semasa zaman Sultan Ibrahim I, tentera memberontak di
Istanbul & meletakan anaknya Muhamad IV sebagai Sultan
• Mempunyai PM yg gagah ie Ahmad Koprulu & beliau batalkan Hak
Istimewa Perancis menjaga Baitul Maqdis
• PM di bunuh & Perancis dapat semula Hak Istimewa
• Akibatnya Ulama memberontak & menggantikan Sultan dgn anaknya
• Melantik PM yang baik –Mustafa Koprulu : anak Ahmad Koprulu
• PM membenarkan Kristian membina semula gereja yang roboh
• Kristian Protestan gembira & mereka bersama Sultan menentang
Venetian (Katolik) & gembira menjadi Rakyat Sultan
• PM syahid ketika berperang di Austria
• SULTAN AHMAD II
• PM yg bagus, Mustafa Koprulu meninggal & penggantinya lemah
• Sultan meninggal pd 1106M & tak banyak pertempuran
LEMAH8/1648 11/1687
8/1648 11/1687
6/1691 2/1695

• Zamanya terhenti perkembangan wilayah di Eropah Timur akibat
lemahnya semangat jihad
• Banyak kawasan diserah kepada musuh tanpa berperang
• Bermulanya zaman sikap buruk kepimpinan Empayar Islam
• Kristian berani dan menghalang EO dari berkembang
• EO pun bermula Zaman Perpecahan yang tidak dapat dibendung
• Janisari minta PM di pecat tetapi Sultan enggan
• Janisari melantik adik mengganti Sultan
• (RUMUSAN : jika Sultan dan PM lemah, negara hancur)
• Hidupkan semangat jihad & berperang dgn Morea, Azor & Rusia
• Rusia dikepung ttp akibat rasuah wanita & harta kpd Janissari, kepungan
dibatalkan
• Banyak wilayah diserah kpd Belanda & Rusia
• Janisari berontak & melantik anaksaudaranya menjadi Sultan
LEMAH
2/1695 8/1703
8/1703 10/1730

• SULTAN MAHMUD I
• Keadaan kembali reda seketika
• Menggunakan khidmat penasihat Perancis dlm ketenteraan
• Membangun industri Artileri Berat (meriam)
• Perancis nak bubarkan Janisari ttp tak berjaya
• Berjaya tumbangkan Empayar Syiah Safavid
• Umur naik takhta : 58 thn selama 3 tahun
• Tiada peperangan yang besar
• Tumpuan kpd Pembangunan
• Keluar arahan Mengharamkan segala yang bertentangan dgn Syarak
• Beliau juga menyamar di waktu malam untuk mengetahui masalah rakyat
LEMAH
10/1730 12/1754
12/1574 10/1757

• Naik takhta ketika umur 42 tahun
• Mahir dlm Pentadbiran
• Membuat telahan bahawa Rusia akan menyerang EO & ambil
langkah menyerang Rusia dan menawan Rusia
• Tentera Kristian yg kalah telah memasuki EO & menyamar sbg Islam
& merosakan Aqidah serta buat huruhara
• Tanpa dikawal, akhirnya Rusia mampu melemahkan EO dari dalam & luar
& mengambil balik negeri mereka sedikit demi sedikit.
• Sultan meninggal ketika berumur 57 tahun
• Rusia berkembang dan menakluki EO
• PM minta Perjanjian Damai dgn Rusia & akibatnya
• 1.) EO hilang kuasa di Laut Hitam
• 2.) Rusia dapat hak istimewa di EO
• 3.) Sempadan Rusia makin membesar.
LEMAH
10/1757 1/1774
1/1774 4/1789

PENGAJARAN DARI SULTAN2 YANG LEMAH
• Tentera upahan terlalu berkuasa – mampu
memberontak, menurun & menaikan Sultan
• Sultan tidak berpandangan jauh dgn mengambil
Penasihat Utama dari Musuh (France)
• Ada sultan yg terlalu muda menaiki takhta
• Ada di naikkan takhta oleh Janisari
• Ada yang naik takhta akibat pergolakan dlm
istana
• Perlu ada PM yg gagah & mantap

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