American History

1. US
HISTORYChapter 15
The Spirit of
Reform

2. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Second Great Awakening
Early 1800s...time when religious fever spread
throughout the nation
Some tried to form utopias (ideal religious
communities)
Temperance Movement – attempt to get people
to drink little or no alcohol...some states passed
laws that banned alcohol

3. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Education
Horace Mann –
educational reformer who
believed education was a
key to wealth and
economic opportunity for
all...helped Massachusetts
set up first state-
supported normal school
 teacher training schools

4. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Special Education
Thomas Gallaudet –
helped hearing
impaired students
Samuel Gridley Howe
– helped visually
impaired students
Dorothea Dix – helped
mentally ill get
treatment instead of
prison

5. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Authors
 Margaret Fuller – supporter of
women’s rights, author of
Woman in the Nineteenth
Century – considered the first
feminist work in the US
 Ralph Waldo Emerson –
believed people should listen
to their conscience, author of
Self-Reliance – people should
avoid conformity & follow
their own ideas

6. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Authors
 Henry David Thoreau – against
people leading materialistic
lives...author of Walden –
popularized living a simple life
& Civil Disobedience –
encouraged people to disobey
unjust laws
 Harriet Beecher Stowe –
author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin –
portrayed slavery in a
negative way, further divided
North & South

7. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Poets
Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow – wrote
narrative poems including
Paul Revere’s Ride
“Listen, my children,
and you shall hear of
the midnight ride of
Paul Revere...”
Walt Whitman – most
famous work – O Captain!
My Captain! – poem
about Lincoln after his

8. Lesson 1 – Social Reform
 Poets
Emily Dickinson – may be
the most famous female
American poet...wrote
about loneliness, love, &
death...only published
seven poems during her
lifetime...most famous
work? Because I Could
Not Stop for Death

9. Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists
 Abolitionists – people who
wanted to abolish, or end,
slavery
 American Colonization Society
 tried to purchase slaves from
slaveholders and send them to
other countries to start new lives
 Liberia – means “place of freedom,”
colony in West Africa set up by the
ACS...1822-1865 – 10,000-12,000
African Americans settled there
 Not all slaves liked this...some
wanted to be freed and live in the
US

10. Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists
 Famous Abolitionists
William Lloyd Garrison –
started abolitionist newspaper
called The Liberator...called for
immediate emancipation
Sarah & Angelina Grimke –
sisters from the South...spoke
out against slavery in the
North...asked for slaves from
their parents for their
inheritance, then freed them

11. Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists
 Famous Abolitionists
Harriet Beecher
Stowe - author of
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin…book was a
best-
seller…portrayed
slavery in a negative
way and became
banned in the South

12. Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists
 Famous Abolitionists
Frederick Douglass – African-
American, former slave, spoke
throughout the North & the
world, editor of the anti-
slavery newspaper called The
North Star
Sojourner Truth – African-
American, former slave, spoke
through the North for the end
of slavery & supporter of
women’s rights

13. Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists
 The Underground Railroad
 name given to the “network” of safe houses and
abolitionists who helped escaped slaves reach their
freedom
 “conductors” – guides that helped along the way
 “stations” – rest stops...barns, basements, attics, etc.
 operating as early as the 1500s, but reached peak from
1830-1860
 tens of thousands of slaves escaped to the northern states,
Canada, Texas, Mexico, and through Florida to the
Caribbean
 no accurate records kept because no one wanted to get
caught aiding the slaves

14. Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement
 Seneca Falls Convention
Women’s rights
convention held in Seneca
Falls, NY in 1848
Organized by Lucretia Mott
& Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Issued a Declaration of
Sentiments & Resolutions
 called for an end to
laws that discriminated
against women and, after
much debate, demanded
women’s suffrage

15. Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement
 Susan B. Anthony
Speaker for women’s rights
Called for equal pay, access
to college for women, &
coeducation  teaching
males & females together
Organized the Daughters of
Temperance  first
women’s temperance
association
Her image was on the old US
Dollar coin

16. Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement
 Women’s Suffrage
1890 – Wyoming
became the first state
to allow women the
right to vote
1920 – 19th
Amendment was
passed granting voting
rights for women
across the nation

17. Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement
 Education
Emma Willard – set
up Troy Female
Seminary in
1821...taught math,
history, geography,
physics, & others
Mary Lyon – started
Mt. Holyoke Female
Seminary in 1837