The document provides an overview of the Civil War in 5 lessons: 1) It describes the sides and advantages/disadvantages of the Union and Confederacy. 2) It discusses early battles of 1861-1862 including Bull Run and ironclad ship battles. 3) It outlines the impact of the war on daily life, including the roles of women, prisons, and field hospitals. 4) Key battles in 1863 included Gettysburg and major campaigns increased casualties on both sides. 5) Final stages saw Union control of territories by 1864, Lincoln's reelection, Sherman's March, the fall of Richmond, and Lee's surrender in 1865, ending the war.

1. US HISTORY
Chapter 17
The Civil War
1861-1865

2. Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
 Choosing Sides
 For most states, choosing sides
was easy
 Border States – states on the
border that allowed slavery but
also had ties to the North
 Missouri – controlled parts of the
Mississippi River
 Kentucky – controlled parts of the
Ohio River
 Delaware – close to Philadelphia
 Maryland – north of DC…DC
would be within the Confederacy
 All four states remained in the
Union

3. Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
 The Union
 Advantages
 Larger population
 More factories
 More resources
 More railroads
 Better banking system
 Disadvantages
 North had to invade
 North was away from home and supplies
 Fewer trained soldiers

4. Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
 The Confederacy
 Advantages
 Strong support for the war
 Fighting in familiar territory (home-field
advantage)
 Fighting to defend their homes
 Military leadership was superior
 Disadvantages
 Smaller population
 Few factories
 Fewer railroads

5. Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
 Anaconda Plan
 Blockade all Southern
ports
 Gain control of the
Mississippi River
 Capture Richmond,
VA (Confederate
capital)
UNION CONFEDERACY
 Hold on to as much
territory as possible
until the North gave
up (war of attrition)
 Get France and/or
Great Britain to join
as an ally
 War Strategy

7. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
 First Battle of Bull Run
 Fought in VA – July 21, 1861
 Many civilians from
Washington, D.C. came out as
spectators
 N drove S back at first
 S got reinforcements from Gen.
Thomas Jackson (seen holding
out like a “stone wall”)
 S counterattacks and breaks N
lines…S wins
 N finds out war will last longer
than they hoped

8. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
 War of the Ironclads
 Fought off coast of
VA – March 9, 1862
 Confederate ship,
Virginia, and Union
ship, Monitor,
fought…battle was
indecisive
 First ever battle b/w
two ironclad ships
CSS Virginia
USS Monitor

9. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
 War in the West
 Union victories at Shiloh, Corinth,
& New Orleans enabled the North
to control the Mississippi River
 War in the East
 Although the North outnumbered
the South, the North was unable
to gain control of Richmond
 South was also able to get
victories at Seven Days’ Battle,
Second Bull Run, & Fredericksburg
 General Robert E. Lee decided to
invade the North

10. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
 Battle of Antietam
 Fought in Maryland on 9/17/1862
 Nearly 6,000 soldiers were
killed…17,000 more badly
wounded
 Single bloodiest day in the Civil
War
 S retreats, N wins
 McClellan (Union general) chose
not to pursue Southern
troops…some believe he could
have ended the war
 Lincoln was upset…removed
McClellan and replaced him with
General Ambrose Burnside

11. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
General McClellan General Burnside

12. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
General Burnside Mr. Hasenour

13. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
 Emancipation Proclamation
 Lincoln was antislavery but
was hesitant to make slavery
the focus of the war…didn’t
want to lose border states
 Lincoln was persuaded to go
along with this when he felt
he may lose the support of
Great Britain & France
 Didn’t want to issue it until
after a Union
victory…Antietam was that
victory

14. Lesson 2 – Early Years of the
War
 Emancipation Proclamation
 September 22, 1862 – Lincoln
issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
 Said that on January 1, 1863,
all slaves in states that were
in the Confederacy would
become free…did NOT apply
to border states
 Changed the focus of the
war…now if the Union won,
slavery would be banned

15. Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
 A Different Way of Life
 Many teenagers fought in
the war
 Those that didn’t fight
stayed home to help with
chores
 Only about half of school-
age children attended
school during the war
 Many schools were shut
down, especially those close
to the fighting
 Many schools and churches
became hospitals for the
wounded

16. Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
 Role of Women
 Many women kept the family
going at home while their
husbands were away fighting
 For the first time, many
women served as nurses
 Many felt the scenes of war
were too gruesome & that a
woman shouldn’t be tending
to a strange man
 Others worked as spies
including Harriet Tubman
 Few even disguised
themselves as men & fought
in battle

17. Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
 Prison Camps
 In the beginning, the two
sides had prisoner
exchanges
 Stopped that policy when
they realized these men
were going back out to fight
 Both sides set up prison
camps
 Andersonville (GA)
 Built to hold 10,000 prisoners
 Had over 30,000 most of the
time
 Poor conditions…nearly
13,000 Union prisoners died

18. Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
 Field Hospitals
 Surgeons & nurses traveled
with soldiers
 Many operations &
amputations performed with
little or no anesthesia
 Disease & Illness killed more
soldiers than fighting
 More than 400,000 of the
618,000 that died were from
disease
 Improper food and sanitation
caused diarrhea, dysentery,
measles, smallpox, typhoid,
gangrene, and chicken pox

19. Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
 Suspension of Habeas Corpus
 Habeas corpus – legal
protection in the Constitution
from being unlawfully
imprisoned
 Lincoln suspended ‘habeas
corpus’ during the
war…enabled him to put
anyone in jail including
members of the Maryland State
Legislature
 Jefferson Davis also suspended
it in the South

20. Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
 Draft Laws
 Both sides had drafts to enlist
soldiers
 North even offered a bounty,
or signing bonus, for joining
up  bounties were as much
as $677 in New York
 Bounty jumping soon became
a profession, as men signed
up, then deserted, to enlist
again elsewhere. One man
repeated the process 32
times before being caught

21. Lesson 4 – The Strain of War
 Battle of Gettysburg
 July 1-4, 1863 in Gettysburg, PA
 Union forces held the high ground
but were outnumbered
 South kept trying to break the
North’s lines
 Pickett’s Charge – Southern
charge led by Gen. George
Pickett…attacked the center of the
North’s position, broke through
the first line but were defeated…¾
of these soldiers were killed or
wounded
 N won the battle
 Casualties – N=23,000, S=25,000

22.  Gettysburg Address
 Speech given by Lincoln
on November 19, 1863 at
the dedication of the
Soldiers’ National
Cemetery in Gettysburg
 Speech only lasted about
two minutes but it is
considered one of the
great speeches in
American history
 Pg. 614 – “Four score and
seven years ago…”
Lesson 4 – The Strain of War

23. Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
 Union Strategy in 1864
 By this time, the Union had control of
the Mississippi River & a successful
blockade of Southern ports
 Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was placed in
charge of Northern troops…he
decided to get aggressive vs. the South
 May/June 1864 – Grant’s forces
attacked Lee’s forces at Wilderness,
Spotsylvania Courthouse, & Cold
Harbor…very fierce and bloody battles
 North was also able to cut Richmond,
Atlanta, & Mobile Bay off from the
Confederacy

24. Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
 Election of 1864
 At first, it appeared that
Lincoln would not win
reelection
 Union victories at Atlanta
& Mobile Bay turned the
tide
 Lincoln won & viewed his
victory as a sign of the
people wanting an end to
slavery
 Congress passed the 13th
Amendment on January
31, 1865…banned slavery
in the US

25. Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
 March to the Sea
 After Sherman got control of
Atlanta, they burned the city
as they left
 William Tecumseh Sherman’s
forces then began a march to
Savannah, GA
 Along the way, Sherman’s
forces destroyed everything in
their path (fields, animals,
towns, bridges, railroads, etc.)
 Didn’t want to leave anything
that may be useful to the
Confederacy

26. Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
 Fall of Richmond
 April 2, 1865
 Lee’s forces
withdrew from
the Confederate
capital city
 Major victory for
the North…end
was near

27. Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
 Surrender
 April 9, 1865 –
Appomattox Court
House, VA
 Lee surrendered to
Grant…war was over
 Grant was very
generous…allowed
Southern soldiers to keep
small firearms, officers
could keep horses, and
gave food to the men