Diseases of cattle and buffaloes

1. Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy
MVSc, PhD
Guest Faculty
KBR College of Agriculture and Horticulture
Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University
Dr. YSR Horticulture University

2. Infectious disease –
 Transmissible from one animal to another.
Endemic disease –
 Constantly present in any area
Forms:
Acute -
Subacute -
Chronic -

4.  Causative organism – Bacillus anthracis
 Symptoms – Sudden death, blood will not clot, blood
through natural orifices.
 Prevention – Vaccination, do not open the carcass, bury or
burn the dead.
 Treatment – Pencillin in subacute form.
 Others – Spores remain viable for many years in soil.
ANTHRAX

5. Oozing of blood through natural orifices – Anthrax

6. Zebra died with Anthrax

7.  Causative organism – Pasteurella multocida
 Symptoms – Oedema under neck, Swollen neck region,
fever, dysentery.
 Prevention – Isolation, Vaccinate the healthy animals,
Bury or burn the dead.
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy.
 Others – Saliva, polluted water, and infected feed material.
HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA

8. Hemorrhagic septicemia

9.  Causative organism – Clostridium chouveii
 Symptoms – Crepitating swelling in the hind or fore
quarter of limb.
 Prevention – Vaccination.
 Treatment – Pencillin along with hyper immune serum to
treat the disease.
 Others – affects young cattle 6 – 24 months of age mostly.
BLACK QUARTER

11. Early symptoms (Swollen hind quarter region) – Black Quarter

12.  Causative organism – Brucella abortus, Brucella
melitensis
 Symptoms – Late-term abortion and infertility.
 Prevention – Regular serological testing of animals,
isolation of affected animals and vaccination of calves.
 Treatment – Not affective.
 Others – Infection localizes in the placentae.
BRUCELLOSIS

13. Aborted foetus – Brucellosis

14.  Causative organism – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Symptoms – Wasting, Chronic cough with noisy breathing.
 Prevention – Isolation and disposal of affected animals.
 Treatment – Not recommended (6 months long treatment)
 Others – Zoonotic through milk.
TUBERCULOSIS

16.  Causative organism – Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
 Symptoms – Wasting, Swelling under jaw, Chronic
diarrhea (BAG of BONES).
 Prevention – Isolation and disposal of affected animals.
 Treatment – No treatment.
 Others – Milk transmission to young ones.
JOHNE’S DISEASE (PARATUBERCULOSIS)

17. JOHNE’S DISEASE (PARATUBERCULOSIS)

18.  Causative organism – Leptospira (Spirochetes)
 Symptoms – Poor reproductive performance, abortion,
stillbirths, weak calves.
 Prevention – Vaccination, Graze separately from sheep and
pigs.
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy.
 Others – Contaminated discharges.
LEPTOSPIROSIS

19.  Causative organism – Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
Coliform bacteria.
 Symptoms – Swollen udder, milk becomes curd like yellow,
brown fluid with flakes and clots.
 Prevention – Clean milk production measures, Strip cup
method testing.
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy.
 Others – Contaminated discharges.
MASTITIS

20. MASTITIS
Green Arrow indicates Gangrenous teat

21. Gangrenous MASTITIS

22. Early MASTITIS

23. CALIFORNIA MASTITIS TEST - EARLY MASTITIS

24.  No treatment is available for viral diseases.
 Only prevention of secondary bacterial infection.

25.  Symptoms – Vesicle or blister formation on tongue, dental
pad, gums, muzzle, inter digital space, and teats.
 Prevention – Vaccination (Polyvalent vaccine), disinfection, .
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy for secondary bacterial
infectoins..
 Others – Contaminated discharges and direct contact.
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

26. Foot and Mouth Disease

27. Foot and Mouth Disease

30.  Symptoms – Diarrhoea, high fever, and death.
 Prevention – Eradicated completely in 1998.
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy.
 Others – Contaminated discharges and direct contact.
RINDERPEST

31.  Symptoms – Rhinitis, Coughing, nasal and ocular discharges,
abortions. Brain is affected in calves.
 Prevention – No vaccination in India.
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy.
 Others – 3 forms - Respiratory, genital, and encephalitic
forms.
INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS

32. Infectious BovineRhinotracheitis

33. Infectious BovineRhinotracheitis

34. Infectious BovineRhinotracheitis

35.  Symptoms – Eye and nose discharges, high fever,
gastroenteritis. Urine may be red colour.
 Prevention – Quarantine and slaughter.
 Treatment – Antibiotic theraphy.
 Others – -
MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

36. MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

37. Corneal Opacity - MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

38.  Symptoms – Affects nervous system.
 Prevention – Vaccination.
 Treatment – Rabies hyper immune serum and post-bite
vaccination (0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90)
 Others – Caused by bite of infected dog, cat, fox, and bat.
RABIES

39. Doses Dates
Dose 1 May 1 (0)
Dose 2 May 4 (+ 3)
Dose 3 May 8 (+ 7)
Dose 4 May 15 (+ 14)
Dose 5 May 29 (+ 28)
Dose 6 August 2 (+ 90)
Not in human beings

40. RABIES

41.  Transmitted by ticks or biting insects.

42.  Causative organism – Theileria annulata
 Symptoms – Anemia and weakness.
 Prevention – Control of ticks.
 Treatment – Buparvaquone.
 Others – Transmitted by ticks and invades into RBC.
THEILEARIASIS

43. a) The perineal area of an infected animal heavily infected with tick species.
b) An eye of Theileria-infected cattle showing ticks infestations. c) Severe
bovine ocular affections. d) Enlargement of superficial lymph nodes THEILARIASIS

44. Enlarged superficial lymph nodes - THEILARIASIS

45.  Causative organism – B. bovis, B. bigemina
 Symptoms – high fever, coffee colored urine, and jaundice.
 Prevention – Control of ticks.
 Treatment – Diminazine aceturate.
 Others – Transmitted by ticks and invades into RBC.
BABESIOSIS

46. Coffee coloured urine - Babesiosis

47. Jaundice - Babesiosis

49.  Causative organism – A. centrale, A. marginale
 Symptoms – high fever with red coloured urine, anemic and
jaundice.
 Prevention – Control of insects.
 Treatment – Tetracyclines.
 Others – Transmitted by insects and invades RBC.
ANAPLASMOSIS

50. Jaundice - Anaplasmosis

51. Red coloured Urine - Anaplasmosis

52.  Causative organism – T. vivax, T. evansi, T. congolense
 Symptoms – Oedema in brisket region, animal moves in
circle and dash walls because nervous system is affected.
 Prevention – Control of insects.
 Treatment – Antricyde Sulphate.
 Others – Transmitted by insects (tse-tse flies).
TRYPANOSOMIASIS

53. Circling - TRYPANOSOMIASIS

54. Chronic TRYPANOSOMIASIS

55. Tse-tse fly

57.  Causative organism – Eimeria zuernii, E. bovis, E.
auburnensi
 Symptoms – Dull with bloody diarrhoea.
 Prevention – Hygiene maintenance, Use of coccidiostats in
feed.
 Treatment – Coccidiostats and Sulpha drugs
 Others – Transmitted by insects (Tse-tse flies).
COCCIDIOSIS

58. Bloody diarrhea – Treat with Sulpha drug

59. OTC – 50 mg/ml – Slow iv (60 ml) OTC – 200 mg/ml – Deep im

61.  Causative organism – Round worms, Tape worms, and
Flukes
 Symptoms – Weakness, drop in production, and reduced
immunity.
 Prevention and Control – Deworming drugs (Albendazole,
Oxybendazole, Rafoxamide, Ivermectin).
INTERNAL PARASITES

62.  Causative organism – Lice and Mites.
 Symptoms – Skin lesions, loss of hair, irritation, and
scratching.
 Prevention and Control – Butox spray.
EXTERNAL PARASITES

64.  Causative – Low calcium.
 Symptoms – drop in milk yield and recumbency.
 Treatment – Calcium borogluconate intravenous
administration.
 Prevention and Control – Anionic mixtures (Ammonium
chloride @ 150 g/day before calving).
MILK FEVER

66.  Causative – Negative energy balance.
 Symptoms – Dull coat, acetone smell of breath, nervous
symptoms.
 Treatment – Dextrose intravenous administration.
 Prevention and Control – Well feeding of the animal.
KETOSIS

67.  Causative – Consuming legumes and high grain ration;
Esophageal choking
 Symptoms – Acute – Sudden death.
Breath becomes difficult - Oral breathing, Protrusion of
tongue, and salivation.
 Treatment – Puncture with trochar and canula.
 Prevention and Control – Wilting of fresh legumes; Feed dry
roughages before turning the cattle to luxuriant pasture to
avoid bloating.
BLOAT (TYMPANY)

68.  Treatment – Puncture with trochar and canula;
Oral turpentine 60 ml;
Powdered ginger (30 gms), Asafoetida (30 g) well mixed with
Jaggery.
Trochar and Canula