1. ENTRITIS AND
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
OF SHEEP AND GOATS
Submitted to
Dr Hassan Mushtaq Sb
Submitted by
Abdul Wajid
2013-mphil-1086

2. Contents
 Entritis
 Diarrhea
 Transmission
 sign
 Causes
Infectious
1. Bacterial
E. coli
Salmonella sp.
Clostridium perfringins
2. Viral
Rotavirus
Coronavirus
3.Protozoa
Cryptosporidia
Coccidia (Eimera sp.)
Giardia sp.
Non Infectious
• Gastro-intestinal worms
• Nutritional
• Dietary changes
• Overfeeding
• Simple indigestion
• Inadequate intake of
colostrums
• stagnant water
• Lush or wet pasture
• Allergies
• Poor sanitation
• Stress

3. Diarrhea (Scours)
• Diarrhea is defined as an increased frequency,
fluidity, or volume of fecal excretion. The feces
may contain blood or mucous and be smelly

4. Enteritis
• inflammation of the intestine, especially the small
intestine, usually accompanied by diarrhoea.

5. Transmission
• fecal-oral route
• transmitted through water contaminated with feces
• Some viruses can be transmitted through air
• Nosocommial transmission is possible

6. Sign Symptoms
• Vomiting
• Dehydration moderate to severe
• Fever– often of moderate grade
• Mild abdominal pain

7. E.Coli scours
• scours is an opportunistic disease associated
with sloppy environmental conditions and poor
sanitation
• It is also called "watery mouth," because affected
lambs salivate and have a cold mouth.

8. Treatment
• Antibiotics are used
• . Spectinomycin oral is commonly used
• Adequate colostrum

9. Salmonella
• The bacteria Salmonella has thousands of
serotypes and all can potentially cause diarrhea
in animals. Salmonella can cause diarrhea in
lambs and kids of any age.

10. Treatment
• Bleach is an effective disinfectant to use during
an outbreak.
• Vaccine efficacy is questionable.

11. clostridium
A, B, C, and D can all cause diarrhea in lambs
and kids, though type D is the most common agent
With type D
the onset of neurologic signs followed by sudden
death.
Treatment
supportive care and administration of the antitoxin.
• type C
• bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic enteritis, and
bloody scours.
colostrum is also important.

12. Rotavirus
Lambs and kids are infected with a group of B
rotaviruses, whereas most other animals and
humans are infected with group A rotoviruses..
Young animals become very depressed and
dehydrated.

13. Treatment
• supportive care.
• Vaccination before they give birth will increase
passive immunity.

14. Cryptosporidium
• Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoa that can
cause diarrhea.
• . The diarrhea is usually very liquid and yellow.

15. Treatment
• . Ammonia and formalin
• The best control comes from lambs and kids
getting adequate immunity through colostrum
soon after birth.

16. Giardia
• Giardia-induced diarrhea
• The diarrhea is usually transient, but infected
animals can continue to shed cysts for many
weeks

17. Treatment
• . Infected animals can be treated effectively with
fenbendazole

18. Coccidiosis
• Coccidosis is a protozoan parasitic disease that is
a common cause of diarrhea in lambs and kids.
• . The diarrhea of lambs and kids is usually not
bloody, but it may contain blood or mucous and
be very watery.

19. Treatment
• Treatment of affected animals includes supportive
care and adminstration of coccidiostats

20. Non Infectious causes
• Nutritional
• . Nutritional problems can result in diarrhea.
• Due to
• Poor quality milk replacer
• Mixing error
• Overfeeding

21. Gastro-intestinal worms
• The Barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortis) is
the major worm species affecting sheep and
goats
• gastro-intestinal worms can cause diarrhea in
sheep and goats

22. Control
• good pasture
• grazing
• animal management
• with effective anthelmintics

23. Rumen Acedosis
• Acidosis is caused by
• too much grain
• concentrate
• which causes a change in rumen acidity and
bacteria population

24. Treatment
• Treatment includes
• drenching with mineral oil or antacids.
• feeding management.
• Concentrates (grain) should be introduced to the
diet slowly

25. Cont…..
• Dietary changes
• Overfeeding
• Simple indigestion
• Poor qualtiy milk replacers
• Inadequate intake of colostrums
• Poor quality colostrums
• Poor quality or stagnant water

26. Cont…..
• Lush or wet pasture
• Inadequate dry matter intake
• Plant and fungal toxins
• Allergies
• Management (Poor environment)
• Overstocking/Overcrowding

27. Cont….
• Poor sanitation
• Stress Weaning
• Handling
• Weather extremes
• Shipping/Transportation

28. Treatment Strategies
.Spectinomycin
• Pepto-Bismol.
• . Kaopectate (Kaolin-Pectin) can be used to treat non-
infectious causes of diarrhea
• Antibacterial drugs
• . Sulfa-antibiotics or amprolium should be used in the
case of coccidia
• Sulphadimadine